A rare case of Salmonella enteritis presented with acute abdomen as well as rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure is reported.A 65-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of sudden onset of upper abdominal pain and diarrhea with renal dysfunction in shock status peritoneal signs such as muscular defense and rebound tenderness were present. Panperitonitis with an upper intestinal perforation was suspected. Though an emergency laparotomy was taken to mind, no definitive findings of intestinal perforation could be obtained, and the operation was not performed. Labolatory data demonstrated elevations in serum creatin phosphokinase and myoglobin after admission, and so acute renal failure was thought to be attributed to rhabdomyolysis and dehydration. Antibiotics and hydration therapies were started and symptomatic remission as well as improvement in laboratory data was attained. Blood purification therapy was required only once. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated in the fecal culture. There have been sporadic reports that described Salmonella infection with difficult differentiation from surgical acute abdomen in the literature. It is important to recognize that Salmonella infection may be occasionally a serious and lethal disease and that is not an unrelated disease to surgeons.