Muscular Body Research Articles

The Change of Facial Asymmetry and Muscular Body Type in Female University Students With Bodily Asymmetry by Manual Therapy

This study was designed to compare the effects Golgeun therapy and meridian massage on facial asymmetry and muscular body type of female university students who are diagnosed with bodily asymmetry and investigate the effectiveness. Thirty-five female university students with bodily asymmetry by Moire topography were volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups, ie., Golgeun therapy group (n=17) and meridian massage group (n=18), respectively for 10 weeks and the before and after results about facial asymmetry and muscular body type through Moire topography. The Received (June 7, 2016), Review Result (June 21, 2016) Accepted (June 28, 2016), Published (August 31, 2016) 356-706 Dept, of Health care, Graduate School, Hanseo Univ., Seosan-si, Chungcheoungnam-do, Korea email: jlovemer@naver.com 2 (Corresponding Author)356-706 Dept. Cosmetology, Hanseo Univ., Haemi-myun, Seosan-si, Chungcheoungnam-do, Korea. email: eychoi@hanseo.ac.kr The Change of Facial Asymmetry and Muscular Body Type in Female University Students With Bodily Asymmetry by Manual Therapy Copyright c 2016 HSST 52 collected data were analyzed by the SPSS(Statistical package for the social science) WIN 18.0. The change of facial asymmetry and muscular body type has been comprehensively improved in the statistics before and after Golgeun therapy and meridian massage. Therefore, manual therapy is proved to give positive affect to facial asymmetry and muscular body type of female students with bodily asymmetry. Most of the numerous previous facial asymmetry had studied to be concerned in the surgery and orthodontic but this study which appeared the improved method with massage will help the massage development on the beauty sector.

THE STUDY OF PATHOGENIC PROPERTIES OF ENTEROBACTERIAL FLORA OF CLINICALLY HEALTHY QUAILS FOR POSSIBLE DETECTION OF BACTERIOCARRIER

This paper presents results of studying the Enterobacteriaceae representatives allocated from muscular tissue and parenchymatous bodies of quails contained in household farms. Carrying out biological test allowed to reveal isolates of microorganisms of Proteus spp. and Klebsiella spp., capable to cause death of laboratory animals within 5-8 days after a becoming infected. The obtained data confirm the possible bacteriocarrier among quails of household farms.

Fitness and fatness in relation with attention capacity in European adolescents: The HELENA study.

To examine the association of health-related physical fitness components and accurate measures of fatness with attention in European adolescents. Cross-sectional study. A sub-sample of 444 adolescents from the HELENA study (14.5±1.2years) from 6 different countries participated in this study. Adolescents underwent evaluations of fitness (20m shuttle run, handgrip strength, standing long jump and 4×10m shuttle run tests), fatness (body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance, Bod Pod and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and attention (d2-test). Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with better attention capacity (β=0.1, p=0.03). Body mass index and fat mass index measured by Bod Pod and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a subset were negatively associated with attention (β=-0.11, p=0.02; β=-0.36, p=0.02; β=-0.34, p=0.03; respectively). All models were adjusted for age, sex, family-affluence scale and mother education. When these models were additionally adjusted for cardiorespiratory fitness when fatness was the main predictor and vice versa, the associations were somewhat attenuated and were no longer statistically significant. Muscular strength, speed-agility and body fatness markers measured by bioelectrical impedance and skinfolds were not associated with attention. The fit and non-overweight adolescents presented the highest values of attention capacity whilst their unfit and overweight peers showed the lowest values of attention (47.31±2.34 vs. 33.74±4.39; p<0.01). Our results support that both cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness are associated with attention, yet these associations are not independent. A combined effect was also observed, with fit and non-overweight adolescents showing the highest levels of attention and those unfit and overweight the lowest.

Morphological features of papillary muscles in the right ventricle

Abstract Our study was performed by dissecting formalinized cord, aiming at:the number of bodies of each papillary muscle in the right ventricle, the shape of the muscular body, also the morphological characteristics of the tendon chordaes. The anterior papillary muscles of the right ventricle, were studied on 54 cords, finding a total of 82 papillary muscles. Unique anterior papillary was found in 59.26% of case, representing 38.10% of total anterior papillary muscles. In 29.63% of cases, the anterior papillary muscle was double and in 11.11% of cases was threefold. The conical shape we found in 57.32% of the anterior papillary muscles, and the cylindrical shape encountered in 29.27% of cases. In case of double papilaery muscles, sometimes beeing joined at various levels between them, they realized particular aspects in each 2.44 % of cases, presenting the „N” and „H” letter appearance and in 1.22% of cases one of the two papilary presented an arcuate shape. At the unique papillary in one case (1.22%) we have found pyramidal forms and reversed „V” letter. The valvular tendinous chordae of the anterior papillaries, we have pursued on a number of 78 papillary muscles and we found that most frequently they broke loose from the superior side, in 41.03% of cases detaching from the tip of conical unique papillaries romthe superior si of those cylindrical. The posterior papillar muscles of the rght ventricle we studied on 42 cords, presenting 69 papillary muscles. Single posterior papillary muscle we found in 52.38% of cases, in 33.33% of cases was double, triple in 11.90% of cases and in one case (2.38%) the posterior papillry was quadruple. Most commonly, the posterior papillary muscle presents a conical shape, aspect found in 65.22% of cases, in 27.54% of cases was cylindric, in 2.90% of cases we found a papillary muscle in reversed „Y” shape (at double papillary), and in one single case (1.54%) we found one arcuated papillary (in one double paillary), one irregular papillary (at unique papillaries) and one papillary in reversed „N” letter (between two muscular bodies of one triple papillary). Valvular chordaes of the posterior papillary muscles, most frequently broke loose from the tip or superior edge of the papillary, aspect found in 35.48% of cases. Septal papillary muscles that we studied on 43 cords, were represented either by a number of 3-5 beams, or 5-9 simpe chordae tendons, both tipes could present or not at their origin on the septomarginal strip, a muscular cone. Rarely can present 1-3 large muscular cones that sometimes can be considered true papillary muscles. We found the arterial muscle cone, present in all cases, beeing represented by chordae bundles arising from a muscular cone and rarely not showing muscular cone at his origin or can be represented by two beams of valvular chordae. We encountered one case where septal papillaries were represented by 3 conical muscular bodies, well represented, comparable in size with the anterior and posterior papillary muscles, especially the superior and inferior muscular bodies, the middle beeing shorter. We found in 13.95% of cases the existence of the posterior’s angle papillary muscle of the right ventricle, conical and cylindrical papillary muscle, that sent tendon chordae only to the septal leaflet.

The Multimedia Approach in Teaching Physical Fitness as Basis for Physical Education Program

Innovations and technological advances in transmitting information play a vital role in the educational system. This experimental research, employing the pretest-posttest design, determined the influence of multimedia in the physical fitness status of students using Zumba video compact disc. A time-series using two groups, the experimental and the control with 30 participants each group from Bachelor in Industrial Education of Capiz State University, Philippines which were selected through random sampling. A descriptive survey was also employed to determine students' perception towards their exposure to the multimedia Zumba exercise. Data were computed getting the mean scores using the standardized Philippine Physical Fitness Tests. Statistical tools employed to analyze results were descriptive data, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test with 0.05 level of significance. Pre and post results of both groups differ significantly in the muscular strength, flexibility, body composition and cardiovascular endurance. The experimental group perceived that their exposure to the multimedia Zumba exercise developed their knowledge, skills, values and creativity. It is also evident in the result that multimedia teaching approach greatly influenced the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process.

The effects of muscle action, repetition duration, and loading strategies of a whole-body, progressive resistance training programme on muscular performance and body composition in trained males and females.

Research has produced equivocal results with regard to eccentric (ECC) only compared with traditional concentric/eccentric resistance training (RT). When considered in relation to load- and repetition duration-accentuated (ECC) training as well as the use of isokinetic and isoinertial training methods, there is a relative dearth of literature considering multi-joint, multi-exercise RT interventions. The present study considered 59 male and female participants randomly divided in to 3 sex counterbalanced groups; ECC only (ECC, n = 20), repetition duration-accentuated ECC (ECC-A, n = 20), and traditional (CON, n = 19) performing full-body, effort matched RT programmes for 2 days·week-1 for 10 weeks. Outcomes were muscular performance, including absolute muscular endurance and predicted 1-repetition maximum, in addition to body composition. No significant between-groups differences were identified for change in muscular performance measures for leg press or chest press exercises, or for body composition changes. Analyses revealed a significantly greater improvement for CON compared with ECC groups (p < 0.05) for change in absolute muscular endurance for the pull-down exercise. Effect sizes for muscular performance changes were moderate to large for all groups and exercises (0.75-2.00). The present study supports previous research that ECC-only training produces similar improvements in muscular performance to traditional training where intensity of effort is controlled. Data herein further supports the use of uncomplicated, low-volume RT to momentary failure as an efficacious method of improving muscular performance in trained persons.

Comparison of anthropometric parameters among Iranian and Spanish water polo players

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometric parameters between Iranian and Spanish water polo national team players. Material and Methods ― The research was conducted in the physiological laboratory of Isfahan Azad University. Participants who participate in this study were 44 male national water polo players (22 Iranian and 22 Spanish), age 22±2 years old (Mean±SD). For the aim of this study twenty anthropometric parameters that was more important for water polo was measured and analysis. All the parameters were measured base on the international standard of anthropometric parameters (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry – ISAK). For analysis data, normal distribution of the data was proved by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and then comparison between two groups was done by t-test. Results ― The results showed a significant difference in seven anthropometric parameters contain body fat percentage (P=0.031), biliocristal breadth (P<0.001), wrist breadth (P<0.001), chest girth (P=0.021), mid-thigh girth (P=0.019), palm length (P<0.001) and height (P=0.032). Conclusion ― Spanish players with relatively higher underlying levels of anthropometric parameters compare to Iranian water polo players had stronger ability to control the ball with the bigger palm and bigger wrist breadth, also they had stronger ability to do water vertical jump, cause of higher value of biliocristal breadth and mid-thigh girth and also stronger throwing the ball because of bigger muscle on their chest part of their body. However, Base on this study, having longer hands, more muscular body than fat and taller stature is an advantage for the players because it is considered to be a useful parameter in water polo.

A comparison of low volume 'high-intensity-training' and high volume traditional resistance training methods on muscular performance, body composition, and subjective assessments of training.

Most studies of resistance training (RT) examine methods that do not resemble typical training practices of persons participating in RT. Ecologically valid RT programs more representative of such practices are seldom compared. This study compared two such approaches to RT. Thirty participants (males, n = 13; females, n = 17) were randomised to either a group performing low volume 'High Intensity Training' (HIT; n = 16) or high volume 'Body-building' (3ST; n = 14) RT methods 2x/week for 10 weeks. Outcomes included muscular performance, body composition, and participant's subjective assessments. Both HIT and 3ST groups improved muscular performance significantly (as indicated by 95% confidence intervals) with large effect sizes (ES; 0.97 to 1.73 and 0.88 to 1.77 respectively). HIT had significantly greater muscular performance gains for 3 of 9 tested exercises compared with 3ST (p < 0.05) and larger effect sizes for 8 of 9 exercises. Body composition did not significantly change in either group. However, effect sizes for whole body muscle mass changes were slightly more favourable in the HIT group compared with the 3ST group (0.27 and -0.34 respectively) in addition to whole body fat mass (0.03 and 0.43 respectively) and whole body fat percentage (-0.10 and -0.44 respectively). Significant muscular performance gains can be produced using either HIT or 3ST. However, muscular performance gains may be greater when using HIT. Future research should look to identify which components of ecologically valid RT programs are primarily responsible for these differences in outcome.

Anatomical consideration of the number and form of the papillary muscle in the left ventricle

Abstract Our results were obtained by dissection of 56 cords, wich presented at the papillary muscle of the left ventricle, 106 muscular bodies and from those, 58 muscular bodies were for the anterior papillary muscle and 48 for the posterior papillary muscle. Anterior papillary muscle was studied on 32 cords, and the posterior papllary muscle on 24 cases. Of the 106 papillary muscles we analized, unique papillary muscle was incountered in 16 cases, 10 being at the anterior papillary muscle and 6 cases at the posterior papillary muscle.. The papillary muscle formed of two muscular bodies (double) presented a number of 64 muscular bodies, 36 being at the anterior papillary and 28 at the posterior papillary. In cases of triple papillary muscle, from 18 muscular bodies, 12 were from the anterior papillary and 6 were from posterior papillary. In the two cases of quadruple papillary muscle the 8 muscular bodies belonged to the posterior papillary muscle. Amoung the total muscular bodies, most frequently they had a conical hape, aspect found in 67 cases, 33 cases being seen in the anterior papillary muscle and 34 in the posterior papillary. In 20 cases the muscular bodies were cylindrical, 18 cases were found in the anterior papillary and 2 in the posterior papillary muscle. In 10 cases the muscular bodies were arcuated, 4 cases being to anterior papillary and 6 cases to the posterior papillary muscle. In 8 cases the bodies were fusiform, 4 cases being to the anterior papillary and 4 to the posterior papillary muscle. In one case to an unique posterior papillary muscle we found a particullar form of the muscular body, wich we called „the torch“ or the „beacon“ that have the muscular body thinner at the lower half and the size increasing in width, reaching a maximum width at its upper extremity, from where are detaching four extra muscles that gave birth to beams of valvular chordage. In case of papillary muscles with two muscular bodies, they can sometimes be linked by a muscular bridge, transverse or oblique, making characteristical features. Thus, in 6 cases, the muscular bridges realized the H“ letter appearance, 4 cases being at the anterior papillary muscle and 2 at the posterior papillary. In 4 cases only at the anterior papillary the bridges formed „N“ letter aspect, 2 cases were at the anterior papilllary and 2 in the posterior papillary muscle. Also in 4 cases, the presence of the bridges acheve the appearance of reversed „N“ letter, 2 cases were in the anterior papillary and 2 in the postertior papillary.

The Effects of Breakdown Set Resistance Training on Muscular Performance and Body Composition in Young Men and Women.

Breakdown (BD) training has been advocated by multiple commercial and academic publications and authors, seemingly as a result of the acute hormonal and muscle activation responses it produces. However, there is a relative dearth of research that has empirically considered this advanced method of resistance training (RT) over a chronic intervention while appropriately controlling other RT variables. The present study considered 36 male and female participants divided into 3 groups: BD (n = 11), heavy-load breakdown (n = 14), and traditional (n = 11), performing full-body RT programs 2 times per week for 12 weeks. No significant between-group differences were identified for change in absolute muscular endurance for chest press, leg press, or pull-down exercises or for body composition changes. Effect sizes for absolute muscular endurance changes were large for all groups and exercises (0.86-2.74). The present study supports previous research that the use of advanced training techniques stimulates no greater muscular adaptations when compared with performing more simplified RT protocols to momentary muscular failure.

Aquatic Treadmill Exercise Combined With Resistance Exercise Yields Different Cytokine Responses Compared To Land Treadmill

We have previously shown that aquatic treadmill (ATM) running may alter acute inflammatory responses when performed after resistance exercise (RT). PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of RT alone and combined with either land treadmill (RT-LTM) or ATM exercise (RT-ATM) on TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, INFg, and GMCSF. METHODS: Forty-seven untrained men (n=23, 37±11yrs, 182.7±6.7cm, 98.9±16.1kg) and women (n=24, 38±12yrs, 165.6±4.8cm, 82.1±19.1kg) were randomized into three groups: RT-LTM, RT-ATM, and RT, then assigned progressive RT (2/wk, 3 x 8-12 repetitions, 60◊85% 1RM) for 12wk. The RT-ATM and RT-LTM groups progressively added ATM or LTM immediately following RT sessions and in isolation on a 3rd day to total up to 500 kcal/bout. Muscular strength, body composition, and VO2max were measured before and after training. Fasting blood samples were obtained before and 24h after acute exercise before and after training for analysis serum cytokines. A 3(group) x 2(time) mixed model ANCOVAs (covaried on baseline values) were used to detect acute changes in serum cytokines and chronic changes in VO2max, strength, and body composition (α=0.05). RESULTS: In the untrained state, acute RT-LTM exercise was found to significantly increase IL-6 (+71.04% ±31.23). Acute RT-ATM exercise yielded greater increases in IL-10 in the untrained state (+44.11% ±18.41) than RT-LTM (-1.15% ±13.39). Additionally, acute RT-ATM exercise was observed to increase INFg in the untrained state (+111.42% ±48.55). In the trained state, RT-ATM exercise elicited a greater increase in IL-10 (+67.77% ±21.72) than RT-LTM (-2.81% ±10.77) and RT (-4.29% ±9.45). All groups were found to have significant increases in total strength with RT-ATM (+608.53lbs ±75.0) eliciting a greater increase than RT-LTM (+364.38lbs ±39.0) and RT (+432.78lbs ±46.0). All groups were found to have significant increases in VO2max with RT-LTM (+2.79ml/kg/min ±0.6), RT-ATM (+3.36 ml/kg/min ±0.6), and RT (+5.85 ml/kg/min ±0.7) being statistically different from the other. Both RT-ATM (-1.71 ±0.4) and RT-LTM (-2.79 ±0.4) exercise were found to decrease body fat. CONCLUSION: Cytokine responses related to pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic signaling are mode dependent and may affect training adaptations.

Pendulum Rule versus Spinopelvic Parameters how the Explain the Sagittal Shape of the Spine?

Introduction Usually, the analysis of the spinal sagittal shape is based on a vertebral semantic, focusing on the curves (lordosis, kyphosis) and the spinopelvic parameters (pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, sagittal balance). This analysis failed in defining a normal shaped spine, and in relating strictly the incidence to the lordosis. The author proposes a very different analysis of the sagittal spinal shape, named “ the Pendulum Law.” It enables to define an ideal biomechanical shaped spine and classify the sagittal shape precisely. Material and Methods 300 sagittal shapes have been studied. A vertical analysis (according to gravity) is performed, reintegrating the spine into an analysis of the muscular body's scheme and relating it to the respiration. The biomechanical spine is assimilated to three intricated Mongol bows. Different apex (contact between the vertebral body and the plumb line) are defined. They are related to muscular tension lines or attaches. The lungs apex are paramount to explain the spine. The trunk is always swaying but lungs pressure (when breathing in) stabilizes it either in an anteroposterior plan or in the sagittal plane. The repartition of the apex has been assessed in all the spine drawing specific lines. Results More than 95% of the studied spine abide by the “Pendulum law” which states that: “ whatever the spine is (including the common variation or abnormalities), the standing position consists in placing the Superior Lung apex according to the following rules: In the anteroposterior view: the plumb line equidistant from the lung apex is maintained above the sacral apex. In the sagittal view: the plumb line from the superior lung apex is equidistant of the thoracic apex and the lumbar apex. The two Pelvico-thoracic lines (the line linking the sacrum apex to the antero-inferior lung apex and the line linking the center of the femoral head to the postero-inferior lung apex) cross each other in the point “E,” exactly above the plumb line dropping from the superior lung apex and in front of the lumbar apex. Therefore, the Pendulum Law relates the sagittal shape to the gravity, the muscular body's scheme and the breathing. An ideal biomechanical sagittal shape lines up the thoracic apex and the sacral apex vertically. The alignment of the symphysis, the lumbar apex and the thoracic apex cross the vertebral bodies obliquely and harmoniously. The lumbar apex (in front of the upper plate of L4) is placed above the center of the femoral head. Conclusion The Pendulum Law relates the sagittal shape to gravity, the muscular body's scheme and respiration. Most of the commons Abnormalities are integrated according to this rule. The Pendulum is the “vertical tension” of the body's scheme that enables us to move harmoniously. (As the length of the femur is strictly related to the ideal flexion/extension of the Knee). Lordosis is related to pneumatic stabilization of the trunk and definitively not to the pelvic incidence.

Changes in muscular strength, balance, and body composition in middle‐aged women with power yoga

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of power yoga on muscular strength, balance, and body composition in middle‐aged women. A total of 12 middle‐aged (43.6 ± 8.8 years, mean±SD) participated in the power yoga program during 12 weeks, 3 times per week, and 60 minutes each time. Muscular strength, balance, and body composition before and after power yoga program were measured. After power yoga program, subjects showed increased muscle strength including grip strength (25.4 ± 3.8 vs. 26.7 ± 3.3 kg) and back strength (57.6 ± 19.5 vs. 68.7 ± 20.6 kg). Balance was assessed with open and closed eyes and both were improved after power yoga (open eyes: 69.6 ± 36.2 vs. 97.6 ± 34.7 sec; closed eyes: 11.3 ± 9.8 vs. 22.4 ± 11.1 sec). Performing power yoga also improved body composition by decreasing % body fat (26.3 ± 4.9 vs. 23.1 ± 5.7) and increasing muscular weigh of legs (right leg: 6.0 ± 0.7 vs. 6.7 ± 0.7 kg; left leg: 6.0 ± 0.7 vs. 6.6 ± 0.7 kg). However, no differences were observed in body mass and waist circumference between before and after power yoga program. In summary, performing power yoga improved muscular strength, balance, and body composition in middle‐aged women. Therefore, power yoga program may be considered as a beneficial exercise strategy to improve health status of middle‐aged women by enhancing physical strength and body composition.

Gender, Fitness Doping and the Genetic Max. The Ambivalent Construction of Muscular Masculinities in an Online Community

This article is based on written accounts posted on an online forum called Flashback. The purpose of the study was to explore how participants in this community negotiated the meanings of fitness doping and how such negotiations could be understood in terms of masculinity. The findings indicate that the Internet community studied in this article can be read as an example of a transformational process in which ordinary rules are questioned and partly put out of play. In the world of the bodybuilder, the marginal masculinity is, in certain senses, dominant. On the one hand, achieving a muscular and well-trained body is regarded as a core aspect of manhood within the community. Marginal masculinity is thus momentarily transformed into dominant and hegemonic masculinity. On the other hand, however, the findings also indicate that a drug-using, muscular masculinity is constructed in negotiation with other central masculine ideals, such as the employable man and the responsible father. Found within the community is a complex and dynamic interplay between intersecting discourses of manhood.

Representações do corpo masculino na revista Men's Health

This research presents the relationship between the body and aesthetics, understood as standard corporal. The aim of this study was to analyze the male body in Men's Health magazine. The methodology was content analysis as proposed by Bardin (1979) and the corpus analysis was composed by 12 editions of the magazine, published from January to December 2011. From the analysis, it can be affirmed that in Men's Health magazine appearance is linked to a lean and muscular body. To obtain the model propagated by the magazine, several investments and consumption practices are necessary. It is also observed that the discourse of well‐being and happiness uses advertising to encourage readers to buy the news released by the consumer society.

Rekonstruksi Citra Musik Hardcore Melalui Penciptaanvideo Musik Dengan Teknik Penyuntingan Compositing

The hardcore genre musician identical to muscular and tattooed body, violence, and they are familiar with alcohol or drugs. It blurs social messages are actually owned by many hardcore music. Through the concept of compositing editing techniques, in particular the incorporation of some elements of video, graphic design, and photography, editors emphasize the visual aspects of the slide motion graphics and special effects that direct imaging to reconstruct the audience to the perceptions of the creator or a singer. Two music videos of the band Spirit of Life, entitled Life Change for Me dan StopTalking Start Working, a musical genre that worked in the hardcore music video to be accepted by society. Music video works it is appropriate to visualize social development as informative and educative character. Through audio-visual artwork hardcore music can be seen as the music that gave social messages.Keywords : hardcore, video, music, compositing, genre, and reconstruction.

Effects of sustained release growth hormone treatment during the rehabilitation of adult severe burn survivors

ObjectivesThe catabolic phase following burn injuries increases caloric imbalance and results in substantial weight loss because of hypermetabolism; energy expenditures as high as twice the normal limit have been documented during the first 3weeks. Furthermore, the wound size and healing duration seem to be related to the length of stay in the intensive care unit, which results in the loss of muscle mass, the so-called sarcopenia; weakness; and physical frailty. Possible therapeutic strategies include exercises, use of anabolic steroids, or replacement with human growth hormone (hGH). To determine the clinical effects of hGH on sarcopenia after burn injuries, we compared patients who received subcutaneous hGH injections during rehabilitation with control patients who received placebo treatment. MethodsA total of 33 patients with third degree burn injuries covering a total body surface area of >20% were randomly divided into a test group (n=18), which received 2-mg injections of sustained release hGH (SR-hGH) weekly for 3months during rehabilitation, and a control group (n=15), which followed the same rehabilitation protocol with placebo injections. Muscular strength, cardiopulmonary function, body composition, and body weight were measured at baseline and 1 and 3months after SR-hGH or placebo administration. ResultsThe mean age of patients was 37.67±7.64years in the SR-hGH group and 37.22±8.19years in the control group, while the interval between injury and SR-hGH or placebo injection was 123.7±53.6 and 126.6±43.5days, respectively. The oxygen consumption at the lactate threshold, maximum oxygen consumption, lean body mass, knee extensor peak torque, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the SR-hGH group than in the control group at 3months. There were no differences in the body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), bone mineral content, percentage body fat, and burn scar characteristics between groups. ConclusionOur results suggest that SR-hGH treatment during the rehabilitation of adult burn survivors positively affects physical fitness levels, muscle power, and metabolic processes, although further confirmation through research of metabolic pathways in burn survivors is required.

The Change of Facial Asymmetry and Muscular Body Type in Female University Students With Bodily Asymmetry by Manual Therapy

The Change of Facial Asymmetry and Muscular Body Type in Female University Students With Bodily Asymmetry by Manual Therapy

Effects of whole body vibration training on body composition, skeletal muscle strength, and cardiovascular health.

Whole body vibration training (WBVT) has been used as a supplement to conventional exercise training such as resistance exercise training to improve skeletal muscle strength, specifically, in rehabilitation field. Recently, this exercise modality has been utilized by cardiovascular studies to examine whether WBVT can be a useful exercise modality to improve cardiovascular health. These studies reported that WBVT has not only beneficial effects on muscular strength but also cardiovascular health in elderly and disease population. However, its mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of WBVT in cardiovascular health has not been well documented. Therefore, this review highlighted the impacts of WBVT on cardiovascular health, and its mechanisms in conjunction with the improved muscular strength and body composition in various populations.

Is athletic really ideal? An examination of the mediating role of body dissatisfaction in predicting disordered eating and compulsive exercise

BackgroundInvestigations into female body image have suggested that rather than thinness, preference is now being given to a female “athletic ideal” characterised by a toned abdomen, firmer lower body and muscular upper body. This study sought to investigate a) whether greater internalization of the athletic-ideal is associated with higher body dissatisfaction, dieting, bulimic symptoms and compulsive exercise, and b) whether body dissatisfaction mediates the relationship between athletic-ideal internalization and the disordered eating and exercise behaviours of dieting, bulimic symptoms and compulsive exercise. MethodsParticipants were 388 females aged between 17 and 35years. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires measuring athletic-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, compulsive exercise and bulimic symptoms. ResultsAthletic-ideal internalization was not found to be associated with body dissatisfaction, but was found to predict dieting, bulimic symptoms and compulsive exercise directly. Body dissatisfaction did not mediate the relationship between athletic-ideal internalization and any of the disordered eating and exercise behaviours. LimitationsThe study was limited by its cross sectional design which precluded conclusions being drawn about the direction of causality and temporal associations. ConclusionsAthletic-ideal internalization, while not associated with body dissatisfaction, was associated with a range of disordered eating and exercise behaviours. Results from the study suggest that the female athletic-ideal is an equally unrealistic and problematic ideal for women to strive towards.