Muscle Training In Patients Research Articles

The efficiency of inspiratory muscle training in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting mainly the axial skeleton and sacroiliac joints. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory muscles and functional exercise capacity, as well as on the specific outcomes of the disease in AS patients. A total of 32 AS patients (mean age 37.37 ± 10.41years) were randomly assigned as the Training Group (TG) (n = 16, mean age = 35.62 ± 8.18years) who received IMT + conventional exercise, and the Control Group (CG) (n = 16, mean age = 39.12 ± 12.26years) who only performed the conventional exercise program. All the subjects were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the 8th week. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring the maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax). Functional exercise capacity was measured using the 6-min walk test (6MWT). The Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Disease Function Index and Bath AS Metrology Index were used for activity, function and basic measurements of the disease. A statistically significant improvement was determined in the PImax (p = 0.000), PEmax (p = 0.002), 6MWT (p = 0.041) and BASDAI (p = 0.049) values in the TG after training. There was a significant difference between baseline and after conventional exercise in terms of PEmax (p = 0.017) in the CG. The PEmax (p = 0.001) and the 6MWT (p = 0.053) values were significantly better in the TG. The results of this study demonstrated that IMT in addition to conventional exercises increased inspiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity and positively affected the disease activity in AS.

Effect of Artificial Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a chronic lung pathology that leads to respiratory muscle weakness and decreased function capacity. Patients need to have pulmonary rehabilitation to increase respiratory muscle strength. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of artificial respiratory muscle training (ARMT) on respiratory muscle function and exercise performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thirty patients in the mild to moderate COPD stage were randomly classified into an ARMT (n = 10), a control group (n = 10), and a standard respiratory muscle training group (SRMT; n = 10) by following the blind procedure. The control group received no training. The training groups, however, were trained at home for 30 min per day, every day, for 6 weeks. The measurement analyses included spirometry, an inspiratory muscle strength examination, and an exercise performance test. Exercise performance was evaluated by a 6 min walk test (SWT). The results showed that the maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and the maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax) were observed to have significantly increased in both the ARMT group and the SRMT group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the ARMT group was found to have significantly increased the 6 min walking distance in comparison with the control group. However, the ARMT group and the SRMT group did not differ significantly in those parameters. We conclude that it would be possible for the ARMT group among COPD patients to have improved respiratory muscle strength and increased capacity to walk.

Peripheral muscle training with resistance exercise bands in patients with chronic heart failure. Long-term effects on walking distance and quality of life; a pilot study.

AimsThis study aimed to describe a method of peripheral muscle training with resistance bands in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and to evaluate its effects on the 6 min walk test and quality of life up to 12 months using a home‐based programme.Methods and resultsTwenty‐two patients with stable CHF (19 men and 3 women), mean age 63.2 years (SD 8.1), New York Heart Association class II–III were randomized to individual home‐based training (HT group), or home‐based training with a group‐based start‐up in a hospital setting (GT group). A 6 min walk test, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and Short Form with 36 items (SF‐36) were administered at baseline and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Exercise training resulted in statistically significant increased walking distance in both groups. The HT group increased on average 107 (80) m from baseline to 12 months, and the GT group by 100 (96) m. Health‐related quality of life, measured with MLHFQ and SF‐36, reached statistically significant improvements in both groups but at different time points. There were no statistically significant differences between groups on any parameters or follow‐ups.ConclusionsLong‐term home‐based peripheral muscle training in patients with CHF, with or without an introductory period in a hospital setting, can be used for initial improvement and retention of walking distance and health‐related quality of life.

The effects of threshold inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Arandomised experimental study.

To investigate the effects of threshold inspiratory muscle training in patients with stages II through IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using maximum inspiratory pressure, baseline dyspnoea index, 6-minute walk test and quality of life. A threshold inspiratory muscle training device provides pressure for inspiratory muscle strength, but there is limited information on the effects of threshold inspiratory muscle training starting at low pressure training. Randomised experimental design. A total of 55 patients completed this study between September 2013-April 2014. The experimental group (n=27) was provided medical treatment and routine care, along with five sessions of threshold inspiratory muscle training per week (21-30min per session), accompanied by a progressive increase in the pressure threshold over a period of 8weeks. The control group (n=28) was provided medical treatment and routine care only, without intervention. In the inferential analysis, p values <.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. After 8weeks in the experimental group, mean maximum inspiratory pressure improved by -17.6±0.18cmH2 O, mean 6-minute walk test improved by 47.8±1.46m, and the baseline dyspnoea index increased from 4.48±2.12 points to 9.0±2.27 points. These data and quality of life were statistically different between the experimental and the control groups (p<.05). The threshold inspiratory muscle training can reduce patients' difficulties with respect to daily activities, thereby reducing the burden on the family, and improving prognosis in patients with moderate-to-very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The pulmonary effects of exspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure of ischemic ethiology

Aim: To objectify the effect of at-home-performed expiratory muscle training (EMT) with a Threshold PEP® trainer on functional lung capacity, mouth occlusion pressures, chest expansion, dyspnea and fatigue in patients with systolic heart failure.

Physical activity and pelvic floor muscle training in patients with pelvic organ prolapse: a pilot study.

The details of the physical activity in patients with mild to moderate pelvic organ prolapse (Pmoderate pelvic organ prolapse (POP) remain under-studied. The purpose of the present study was to investigate objective physical activity levels and the changes in pelvic floor muscle(PFM) strength, symptoms and quality of life (QOL) between before and after PFM training (PFMT) in patients with POP. In a prospective pilot study, 29 patients with stage II or III POP completed approximately 16weeks of PFMT. A reliable activity monitor was used to measure physical activity parameters including step counts, activity and total calories expended, and duration at each intensity level. Maximum vaginal squeeze pressure, POP symptoms and QOL were assessed. Changes in these outcome measures were compared before and after PFMT. The step counts per day (mean±SD) of women with POP was 7,272.9 ± 3,091.7 before PFMT and 7,553.4 ± 2,831.0 after PFMT. There was no significant change between before and PFMT. PFM strength was significantly increased after PFMT. POP-related symptoms including stress urinary incontinence, frequency, postmicturition dribble and interference with emptying the bowels were significantly improved. The QOL scores for general health, physical limitations, emotion, and severity measures were significantly improved after PFMT. Although PFMT changed PFM strength symptoms, and QOL, there were no changes for any physical activity parameters before and after PFMT. This is probably because the physical activity levels in patients with mild to moderate POP were almost same as in age-matched healthy women.

A Study to Find the Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Upper Thoracic Spinal Cord Injuries in Improving the Pulmonary Function

A Study to Find the Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Upper Thoracic Spinal Cord Injuries in Improving the Pulmonary Function

NU05.01 Use of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Managing Dyspnoea in Lung Cancer Patients

NU05.01 Use of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Managing Dyspnoea in Lung Cancer Patients

Meta-analysis on the Physiological Benefits and Quality of Life of Muscle Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Justification: The existence of important peripheral muscular dysfunction contributes at very substantial manner to reduce the tolerance to exercise in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: this was an exhaustive research on benefits of exercise training for a group of patients, thirteen studies were found (n=351), from these four were excluded studies. The analysis was done using the SPSS v 15.0, and Excel 2007, p<0.05 was considered the significance value. Results: the moderating variables that were meta-analysis were present in more than two experimental investigations. In total eight variables were found from which six variables showed significant effects (oxygen consumption, volume minute, heart rate, breathing rate, fatigue, dyspnea, emotional condition, six walking test). Two control groups were compared; heart rate and breathing rate had a significant effect in the group that did exercise. Another analysis assessed the type of training: muscle strength, aerobic resistance, or combination of both, including body part involved, no significant difference was found. In both comparisons the training type and the body part involved gives a significant effect. Conclusion: the types of training should be combined for upper and low limbs.

Combined Exercise and Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Heart Failure: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Studies have reported the benefits of exercise and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients with heart failure (HF); however, there is no meta-analysis on the effects of the combination of exercise and IMT in patients with HF. The objective of this study was to determine whether combined exercise/IMT was more effective than conventional exercise on exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in patients with HF. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from the earliest date available to April 2015) for randomized controlled trials, examining effects of combined exercise/IMT versus conventional exercise on exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life measurements in patients with HF. Two reviewers selected studies independently. Weighted mean differences and 95% CIs were calculated. Three studies met the study criteria. Combined exercise/IMT resulted in improvement in maximal inspiratory pressure weighted mean differences (20.89 cm H2O; 95% CI, 14.0-27.78) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire weighted mean differences (4.43; 95% CI, 0.72-8.14). Nonsignificant difference was observed in peak (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2 for participants in the combined exercise/IMT group compared with the conventional exercise group. No serious adverse events were reported. Combined exercise/IMT may improve maximal inspiratory pressure and quality of life in patients with HF and should be considered for inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation programs.

TriBURTER: invention and perceptual validation of a portable device aimed to induce high-frequency vibration and respiratory muscle training in patients with respiratory diseases

Introducción: los dispositivos respiratorios vibrátiles son útiles como elementos de terapia respiratoria pues facilitan la expectoración de las secreciones bronquiales. Un dispositivo respiratorio de vibración que incorpore válvulas duales representa una innovación relevante respecto a los modelos existentes. El presente estudio describe la invención y evaluación de un nuevo dispositivo médico portátil de vibración de alta frecuencia para uso humano que permite simultáneamente el entrenamiento muscular respiratorio para pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias, al que se ha denominado con el acrónimo TriBURTER. Métodos: se conceptualizaron, diseñaron y construyeron modelos virtuales y prototipos funcionales siguiendo metodología de bioingeniería y evaluación in situ del funcionamiento a través de simuladores electrónicos. Adicionalmente se evaluaron, mediante escalas psicométricas especíicas, los aspectos perceptuales de la morfología y funcionamiento del dispositivo tanto en voluntarios sanos como pacientes. Resultados: se creó un dispositivo que logra tres efectos: facilitar la movilización de secreciones bronquiales, inducir efecto de entrenamiento sobre los músculos inspiratorios, e inducir entrenamiento de músculos espiratorios. La evaluación perceptual demostró que el diseño inal del dispositivo es seguro, adecuado, suiciente y práctico. Conclusión: TriBURTER es un dispositivo médico innovador de terapia respiratoria vibrátil que facilita el drenaje de secreciones y genera una sobrecarga muscular, tanto inspiratoria como espiratoria, regulable y útil en el tratamiento de las enfermedades respiratorias, y que puede ser aplicado tanto en ámbito ambulatorio como domiciliario u hospitalario. Su evaluación perceptual demostró seguridad clínica y una adecuada aceptación de uso por parte de los voluntarios sanos y pacientes en términos de cualidad y funcionamiento. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):49-57.

Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic heart failure: a literature review

Dyspnea is an important issue for the patients with chronic heart failure. Breathing training, especially the inspiratory muscle training can help to improve the patients' cardiopulmonary function, endurance and quality of life. In this paper, the foreign research about the method, effect evaluation and appropriate case of inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic heart failure were reviewed so as to explore a specific strategy of inspiratory muscle training for China's patients with chronic heart failure. Key words: Heart failure; Inspiratory muscle training; Review literature

Pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To determine the effects of pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training on length of postoperative hospital stay and pulmonary function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Design and methods: We conducted a systematic search using databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro and the Cochrane) to find controlled trials evaluating the effects of pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training. Results: Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four were about preoperative inspiratory muscle training (416 patients), three about postoperative inspiratory muscle training (115 patients) and one study about pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training (43 patients). Preoperative inspiratory muscle training resulted in improvement in: Reduction in length of postoperative hospital stay of −2 days (95% CI −3.4, −0.7, N = 302), inspiratory pressure of 16.7 cm H2O (95% CI 13.8, 19.5, N = 386), forced expiratory volume in one second of 3% predicted (95% CI 0.1, 6, N = 140), forced vital capacity of 4.6% predicted (95% CI 1.9, 7.4, N = 140). Patients that received preoperative training had an inspiratory muscle training reduced risk of postoperative pulmonary complications, (RR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8; P = 0.0004, N = 386). Postoperative inspiratory muscle training resulted in improvement in inspiratory pressure of 16.5 cm H2O (95% CI 4.9, 27.8, N = 115), and tidal volume of 185 ml (95% CI 19.7, 349.8, N = 85). Conclusion: Pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training showed to be a beneficial intervention in the treatment of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

The effect of intrinsic foot muscle training on medial longitudinal arch and ankle stability in patients with chronic ankle sprain accompanied by foot pronation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the intrinsic foot muscle training method can improve the medial longitudinal arch in patients with chronic ankle injury and with pronated feet, as well as to investigate for the most effective exercise method for these patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty men and women with pronated feet had participated in this study and were allocated to either the short foot exercise group (SFEG) or the towel curl exercise group (TCEG) randomly. SFEG and TCEG underwent exercises three times a week for 8 weeks, with three sets per day, totalling up to 5 minutes per day. The navicular drop test (NDT) was used in order to assess for changes in the medial longitudinal arch and the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) was used to assess for ankle instability of the chronic ankle sprain patients. Results: There was a significant increase in CAIT scores in the SFEG (p<0.05) and a significant difference between groups was presented (p<0.05). The NDT scores were significantly decreased in both groups (p<0.05). In the SFEG, the NDT scores were more decreased than in the TCEG (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that short foot exercises are more effective in providing intrinsic foot muscle training for patients with pronated feet among chronic ankle sprain patients. Furthermore, short foot exercises may be used to provide ankle stability.

Acute Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation and Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Heart Failure: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

Acute Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation and Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Heart Failure: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

Pelvic floor muscle training for female urinary incontinence: Does it work?

Supervised pelvic floor muscle training in patients of stress and mixed urinary incontinence has been recommended. Our aim was to assess the utilisation and effectiveness of our supervised pelvic floor muscle training service and assess the impact of incontinence scores before physiotherapy on the subsequent results of physiotherapy. All 271 patients referred to physiotherapy for symptoms of incontinence filled out the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms before starting treatment. Depending on pelvic floor muscle assessment, plans for exercises and follow up were made. If the strength of pelvic floor muscles was poor, electrical stimulation was offered. If awareness of the pelvic floor muscle contraction was poor, bio feedback was offered. Group sessions and vaginal cones were also used. Depending on the response to the treatment; patients were either discharged, referred to Urogynaecology clinic or continued physiotherapy. All patients who were discharged or referred for surgery were given a post treatment questionnaire to fill out. 79 (56%) of 132 women with stress, 49 (51%) of 98 with mixed and 27 (66%) of 41 with urge incontinence reported successful control of symptoms (overall success 54%). However, 65% of women with incontinence scores of 0-5 before physiotherapy, 64% with 6-10, 42% with 11-15 and mere 28% with 16-20 achieved success with physiotherapy. 27 (10%) were lost to follow up. 1 in 2 women referred to physiotherapy for incontinence, achieved successful control of symptoms without the need for invasive investigations or surgery. However, poor incontinence scores before the start of physiotherapy is a poor prognostic indicator for success. 90% women utilised the service.

Inspiratory muscle training in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial.

We evaluated the effects of an 8-week inspiratory muscle training (IMT, n=5) or placebo IMT (P-IMT, n=5) on maximal respiratory pressures, pulmonary function, functional capacity, and cardiac autonomic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN). The IMT group had a greater increase in maximum inspiratory pressure as compared to P-IMT (p<0.05). The IMT improved inspiratory muscle strength in patients with DAN.

The effects of inspiratory muscle training for patients with pulmonary disease in outpatient rehabilitation

The effects of inspiratory muscle training for patients with pulmonary disease in outpatient rehabilitation

Inspiratory muscle training in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A systematic review.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease with rapid involvement of the inspiratory muscles, leading to respiratory insufficiency. Death often occurs by aspiration and pneumonia. Endurance- and strength therapy within ALS are discussed controversially. To review the current literature to assess the efficacy of inspiratory muscle training for ALS. Systematic review, using databases as PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Inspiratory muscle training vs. sham training or inspiratory muscle training alone. Inspiratory muscle strength, dyspnoea, quality of life and survival time. Four studies could be included in this review, two RCT's, one pre-experimental study and one with a historical control group. In total 73 patients underwent inspiratory muscle training. Studies varied in onset of the training, the training protocol and the outcomes measured. At time, there is limited evidence that inspiratory muscle training leads to strengthening of inspiratory muscles in ALS. Improvements made were minor, in only a few parameters and also in control groups. Survival time was significantly longer in the experimental group in one study. Interesting suppositions (diaphragm training vs. other IM training, improvement of chest wall and lung compliance) need to be examined in robustly designed future trials, defining exact therapeutic windows and interventions.

Postoperative outcomes following preoperative inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing cardiothoracic or upper abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta analysis

Objective: To evaluate whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training is effective in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications and reducing length of hospital stay in people undergoing cardiothoracic or upper abdominal surgery. Data sources: Medline, CINAHL, AMED, PsychINFO, Scopus, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library. Review methods: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (or quasi-randomized controlled trials) investigating a form of preoperative inspiratory muscle training, compared with sham or no inspiratory muscle training. Participants were adults (16 years and over) awaiting elective open cardiac, thoracic, or upper abdominal surgery. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Eight studies involving 295 participants were eligible for inclusion. The trained group had significantly higher maximal inspiratory pressure at the end of the preoperative training period (mean difference: 15 cm H2O, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9 to 21). This benefit was maintained through the early postoperative period, when lung function also recovered significantly more quickly in the trained group. Inspiratory muscle training also substantially reduced postoperative pulmonary complications (relative risk 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.89). Although not statistically significant, length of hospital stay also tended to favour the trained group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for the remaining outcomes. Participant satisfaction with inspiratory muscle training was high. Conclusion: Preoperative inspiratory muscle training significantly improves respiratory (muscle) function in the early postoperative period, halving the risk of pulmonary complications. The training does not increase length of stay, but more data are required to confirm whether it reduces length of stay.