Muscle Tissues Of Fish Species Research Articles

Trace metals accumulation in tropical fish collected from Southeast coast, Tamil Nadu, India: Implication on pollution

The present study examined the levels of accumulation pattern of seven heavy metals such as essential metals (Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu)) and non-essential metals (Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg)) in 13 tropical marine fishes collected from three major fish landings viz., Chennai, Nagapattinam and Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu. The overall accumulation pattern of all metals was found to be significant (P<0.05) between different species and three different landing centres. The orders of heavy metals in descending order were Mg > Fe > Zn > Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd in Chennai, followed by Mg > Fe > Zn > Hg > Pb > Cu > Cd in Nagapattinam, and Mg > Fe > Zn > Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd in Tuticorin. Bioaccumulation of metals showed preferential accumulation in muscle tissues of fish species viz., Otolithus ruber, Siganus javus, Atule mate, Sardinella gibbosa, Nemipterus japonicus, Lutjanus fulviflamma, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Gerres filamentosus, Sphyraena obtusata, Selar crumenophthalmus, Upeneus moluccensis, Plicofollis dussumieri and Sillago sihama. The metal concentrations were found dependent on species-specific, behaviour of feeding, pattern of swimming and genetic tendency or other factors such as age and geographical distribution. The metal concentration varied from the fish species. Principal component was analysed and found that heavy metal concentrations detected in the study do not pose a major risk to human being. The present work suggests to continuously monitor the polluted areas for a long-term basis, as the fishes show a tendency of accumulating even non-essential metals from polluted waters.

Toxic and essential elements in selected fish species from the Tigris River (Turkey) and assessment of their health risks and benefits

The distribution of 18 toxic and essential elements (TEEs) (Sr, As, Ba, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ca, Cd, K, Co, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Cr and Zn) was investigated in tissues/organs of three fish species showing similar feeding habits from the Tigris River. The findings revealed that concentrations of TEEs in fish depend on the species. The highest contents of most TEEs were recorded in the gills followed by the liver, skin and muscle. Generally, inverse relationships were recorded between fish size and TEEs in tissues of fish species which may be explained by the lower metabolic rate and dilution effect of higher lipid content in the bigger fish. The average contents of Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and inorganic As in muscle tissues of fish species were below the permissible limits. The estimated daily intakes of Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn, inorganic As, Cd, Co, Cr and Pb were much lower than the reference doses set by USEPA. The target hazard quotient and hazard index values were below 1, indicating that non-carcinogenic health effects are unlikely to occur. The carcinogenic risk values for inorganic As were below 10−6, indicating no carcinogenic health risks for consumers. It was found that daily consumption of 230 g of fish would not be expected to cause any health risks. In addition, it was found that fish species would provide great benefits considering intake of essential elements. These findings revealed that nutritional benefits from consumption of fish species outweighed the health risks posed by toxic elements in fish.

Metal bioaccumulation in fish from the Araguari River (Amazon biome) and human health risks from fish consumption.

Recently, high concentrations of metals have been found in the waters from sampling sites located in the Araguari River lower section. These metals can be bioaccumulated by fish, but also biomagnified, representing a potential risk through human consumption. Here, we aimed to (1) determine the metal concentrations in muscle samples from fish; (2) evaluate bioaccumulation of metals in muscle tissue of fish species with different feeding behaviors; and (3) investigate the risks of single metals, as well as mixture of metals, to human fish consumption. Eleven fish species were sampled (3 carnivorous, 5 omnivorous, and 3 detritivorous). In four fish species, Cd and Pb concentrations exceeded the Brazilian maximum limits (MLs) for human consumption. Individually, Pb and Cd concentrations in the muscle of these fish indicate risks to human health. When considering the mixture of metals, the consumption of all fish species represents risks. The highest risks implicate detritivorous species. For all fish species evaluated, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Hg shows values above its reference dose (RfD). Our results suggest the need to establish an environmental monitoring program that aims to preserve environmental quality, biodiversity, and human health. It is also necessary to develop actions that aim to educate Amazonian populations on safe fish preparation and consumption.

Mercury (Hg) speciation in coral reef systems of remote Oceania: Implications for the artisanal fisheries of Tutuila, Samoa Islands

We investigated Hg in muscle tissue of fish species from three trophic levels on fringing reefs of Tutuila (14°S, 171°W), plus water, sediment and turf alga. Accumulation of total Hg in the herbivore Acanthurus lineatus (Acanthuridae, lined surgeonfish, (n=40)) was negligible at 1.05 (±0.04) ngg−1 wet-weight, (∼65% occurring as methyl Hg). The mid-level carnivore Parupeneus spp. (Mullidae, goatfishes (n=10)) had total Hg 29.8 (±4.5) ngg−1 wet-weight (∼99% as methyl Hg). Neither A. lineatus or Parupeneus spp. showed a propensity to accumulate Hg based on body size. Both groups were assigned a status of “un-restricted” for monthly consumption limits for non-carcinogenic health endpoints for methyl Hg. The top-level carnivore Sphyraena qenie (Sphyraenidae, blackfin barracuda, n=3) had muscle tissue residues of 105, 650 and 741ngg−1 wet-weight (100% methyl Hg, with increasing concentration with body mass, suggesting that S. qenie >15kg would have a recommendation of “no consumption”.

Assessment of trace element levels in muscle tissues of fish species collected from a river, stream, lake, and sea in Sakarya, Turkey.

Levels of some trace and essential elements, including Al, B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn, were determined in 17 different fish species from Sakarya River, Çark Stream, Sapanca Lake, and Western Black Sea using ICP-OES after microwave (MW) digestion procedure. During preparation of samples for analysis, wet and MW digestion methods were also compared. Accuracy of the digestion methods was checked by the analysis of DORM-3 reference material (Fish Protein Certified Reference Material for Trace Metals). Concentrations of trace elements were found as Al: 6.5–48.5, B: 0.06–3.30, Ba: 0.09–2.92, Cr: 0.02–1.64, Cu: 0.13–2.28, Fe: 7.28–39.9, Mn: 0.08–11.4, Ni: 0.01–26.1, Sr: 0.17–13.5, and Zn: 11.5–52.9 µg g−1. The obtained results were compared with other studies published in the literature. Trace element levels in various fish species collected from waters in Sakarya region were found to be below limit values provided by Turkish Food Codex (TFC), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and World Health Organization (WHO).

Extraction of Nickel from Soil, Water, Fish, and Plants on Novel Pyridine-Functionalized MCM-41 and MCM-48 Nanoporous Silicas and Its Subsequent Determination by FAAS

Nickel is considered as an important toxic pollutant and is continuously released into the biosphere by some anthropogenic activities such as industrial and urban sewage. The main objective of this study was to determine the concentration of nickel in different samples of soil, water, and muscle tissue of fish species which were collected from the Persian Gulf. For this propose, a simple and sensitive solid-phase extraction using pyridine-functionalized Mobil Composition of Matter (MCM)-41 and MCM-48 nanoporous silica was developed and their application in preconcentration and determination of nickel by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was studied. Limit of detection was found to be lower than 3.5 μg L−1. Recovery and precision of the method were above 98.5% and below 1.5%, respectively. To gauge their ability in terms of application to natural samples, the proposed method was applied to a number of natural samples including plants, water, soil and fish species, and the amount of nickel was determined by spiking known concentrations of nickel into the solution. The results show that pollution of soil and water has some effects on bioaccumulation of Ni on marine organisms and plants that could magnify along the food chain.

Correlation Between Arsenic Concentration in Fish and Human Scalp Hair of People Living in Arsenic-Contaminated and Noncontaminated Areas of Pakistan

The effects of arsenic (As) toxicity due to frequent consumption of arsenic-contaminated fish was estimated by the analysis of scalp hair of adult males, living near arsenic-contaminated area of Pakistan. For comparison purposes, scalp hair samples were also collected from the inhabitants of Hyderabad city consuming fish species with low levels of As, collected from Indus River. Concentration of As in scalp hair samples was analyzed by using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS), after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The accuracy of the As measurement was tested simultaneously analyzing certified reference material. The concentration of As in muscle tissues of fish species were found in the range of 2.11 to 14.1μg/g and 1.92 to 12.2μg/g, collected from arsenic-contaminated and noncontaminated areas, respectively. Exposed subjects had significantly elevated levels of As in scalp hair samples (0.72-4.94μg/g) as compared with referent subjects (0.21-1.484μg/g; p < 0.01). The As levels in scalp hair was positively correlated with As levels in fish.

Determination of inorganic arsenic species (As3+ and As5+) in muscle tissues of fish species by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS)

Abstract Arsenic speciation was carried out in muscle tissues of freshwater fish species. Inorganic arsenic species (As3+and As5+) were extracted with chloroform, prior to microwave assisted digestion with concentrated HClO4 and Fe2(SO4)3. The extracted As3+ and As5+ were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The accuracy of the technique was evaluated by using certified reference material DORM-2. The limit of detection of the method was 0.004 and 0.005 μg/g for As3+ and As5+, respectively. The mean relative standard deviation values (RSD) in real sample analysis were 1.90 and 3.92 for As3+ and As5+, respectively. The results demonstrated the suitability of the procedure for screening and quantification of As species in biological samples. The mean concentration of As3+ and As5+ in muscle tissues of studied fish species ranged from 1.19 to 2.05 and 0.17 to 0.46 μg/g, respectively. The contribution of the daily intake of inorganic As, based on the consumption of 250 g fresh fish muscles/body weight/day was found in the range of 1.21–1.91 μg/kg/day.