Muscle Strength In Elderly People Research Articles

The Effect Of Senior Elastic Band Exercise on Increasing Muscle Strength of The Elderly in Sandik Village, Meninting Health Center Working Area, West Lombok District

Background: Elderly is the final stage of the aging process which experiences a decrease in organ function, one of which is a decrease in physical condition in the form of a decrease in muscle mass which causes a decrease in muscle strength, thus affecting daily activities. So physical exercise is needed, namely the Senior Elastic Band Exercise . Research Objective: to determine the effect of the Senior Elastic Band Exercise on increasing muscle strength in the elderly. Method: Pre-experimental research design, one group pretest posttest . The population is elderly people who experience decreased muscle strength aged 60-69 years in Sandik Village, the working area of the Meninting Health Center, West Lombok District with a population of 804. Samples were taken using purposive sampling of 20. Data collection used the MMT observation sheet and analysis used the Wilcoxon test. Results: Elderly muscle strength before intervention was given: shoulder at grade 4 = 100%, hip at grade 4 = 60%, and knee grade 4 = 55%. Elderly muscle strength after being given intervention : shoulders at grade 5 = 65% while hip muscle strength at grade 4 = 50% and knee grade 4 = 65%. The results of the Wilcoxon statistical test showed p-value = 0.000 < α 0.05, which means that H 0 was rejected, which means there is an influence of the Senior Elastic Band Exercise on the muscle strength of the elderly. Conclusion: Senior Elastic Band Exercise increases muscle strength in elderly people who experience decreased muscle strength. Suggestion: Can be used as an intervention to increase muscle strength in elderly people who experience decreased muscle strength.

The execution order of the concurrent training and its effects on static and dynamic balance, and muscle strength of elderly people

Aim: Assess the effect of the performance order in the Concurrent Training (CT), Aerobic-Strength (AS), and Strength-Aerobic (SA), in the static balance, dynamic balance, and muscle strength in elderly people. Methods: The study involved 38 elderly people (men and women) aged 60 to 75 years old, divided into SA (n = 19) and AS (n = 19). Within 12 weeks, the aerobic training consisted of walking with intensity prescribed by the Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (6-20) and the strength training consisted of six exercises, with intensity controlled by Repetition Maximum training zones. Static balance (plantar pressure center area and displacement in bipedal support with eyes closed and open), dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go and Tandem Gait), and maximum dynamic strength of knee extension and bench press have been evaluated. For data analysis, Generalized Estimating Equations with Bonferroni's complimentary test have been used (α = 0.05). Results: For static and dynamic balance there hasn't been an effect on the 12 weeks of combined training, regardless of the performance order. Both groups maintained the balance variables within the intervention period. When it comes to strength, there has been a noticeable improvement in lower limbs (SA: 16%; AS: 11%; p < 0,001) and upper (SA: 22.0%; AS: 8.7%; p < 0.001), without any differences between the groups. Conclusion: So there is no difference between the order of performance of the CT in the variables of static and dynamic balance and strength of upper and lower limbs. Furthermore, after training, there have been significant improvements in the variables of strength and maintenance of static and dynamic balance.

Effects of protease-treated royal jelly on muscle strength in elderly nursing home residents: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study

Although we have found that protease-treated royal jelly (pRJ) benefit for the skeletal muscle mass and strength in the aged animals, the potential beneficial effects have not been evaluated in humans. The aim of this study was to determine whether pRJ intake had beneficial effects on muscle strength in elderly nursing home residents. One hundred and ninety-four subjects enrolled into this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Subjects received either placebo(Group 1), pRJ 1.2 g/d(Group 2), or 4.8 g/d(Group 3). Data through 1 year are reported for 163 subjects. The primary outcome measure is handgrip strength. Secondary outcomes include several physical performance tests (six-minute walk test, timed up and go test, and standing on one leg with eyes closed). The dropout rate was 16.0%. The means (95% confidence interval) of change in handgrip strength for placebo, low-dose, and high-dose groups are −0.98(−2.04,0.08), 0.50(−0.65,1.65) and 1.03(−0.37,2.44) kg (P = 0.06, P for trend = 0.02), respectively. No significant effects of the interventions were observed for physical performances. These findings suggest that pRJ treatment might not improve, but rather attenuate the progression of decrease in muscle strength in elderly people. In addition, we have not found that pRJ intervention can achieve improvement or attenuating the decrease in physical performance.

Angiotensin-II blockage, muscle strength, and exercise capacity in physically independent older adults.

[Purpose] This study aimed to assess the exercise capacity and muscle strength in elderly people using drugs for angiotensin-II blockage. [Subjects and Methods] Four hundred and seven older adults were recruited for this study. Data about comorbidities and medication use were recorded and the individuals were divided into three groups: control group- elderly people with normal exercise capacity (n=235); angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group − individuals using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (n=140); and angiotensin-II receptor blocker group- patients using angiotensin-II receptor blockers (n= 32). Exercise capacity was evaluated by a 6-minute walking test and muscle strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer. [Results] Patients from the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group (mean: 99 ± 12%) and the angiotensin-II receptor blocker group (mean: 101 ± 14%) showed higher predicted values in the 6-minute walking test than the control group patients (mean: 96 ± 10%). Patients from the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group (mean: 105 ± 19%) and the angiotensin-II receptor blocker group (mean: 105.1 ± 18.73%) showed higher predicted values of muscle strength than control group patients (mean: 98.15 ± 18.77%). [Conclusion] Older adults using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor blockers have better functional exercise capacity and muscle strength.

高齢者における最速歩行時の身体動揺性と筋力の関係

高齢者における最速歩行時の身体動揺性と筋力の関係

Effects of Tai Chi on Lower-Limb Myodynamia in the Elderly People: A Meta-Analysis

To assess the effects of Tai Chi (Chinese shadow boxing exercise) for improving the lower-limb muscle strength in elderly people. The PUBMED database (from 1950), EMBASE-ASP database (from 1974), Cochrane Library (from 1991), Elsevier sciences database (from 1990), OVID full text database (from 1997), Springer-link database (from 1997), The National Research Register database, ISI Web of knowledge (from 1963), Chinese Medical Citation Index/Chinese Medical Current Contents (CMCI/CMCC, from 1989), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI, from 1915), VIP database (from 1989), and Wanfang database (from 1977) have been searched only for the English and Chinese literatures updated to 10-30-2010. Two researchers independently assessed the methodological quality of studies, extracted and checked the data one another according to the include/exclude standards. Disagreement was resolved by discussions or with the third person. The Review Manage Software 5.0 was used for Meta-analysis. Eventually, 2 randomized controled studies and 2 non-randomized controled studies met the inclusion criteria, with 163 subjects involved in the present meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that Tai Chi exercise could improve the ankle flexor/extensor muscle strength and the knee extensor/flexor muscle strength, tested with an isokinetic dynamometer. The limb muscle strength increased significantly after Tai Chi exercise (P < 0.01). The meta-analysis favours Tai Chi exercise for improving the lower-limb muscle strength in the older people.

Walking regimen to increase aerobic capacity and thigh muscle strength for elderly people by accelerometry

We developed a walking regimen by accelerometry to increase peak aerobic capacities during walking (WVO2max) and cycling (CVO2, peak), isometric knee extension (FEXT), and flexion (FFLX) forces for elderly people in the field. Elderly people aged ~65 yr were divided into 3 groups according to exercise training regimens by walking for 5 mos; 1) no participation in training [no-ET, male (M)=9, female (F)=37], 2) constant moderate velocity of walking with a pedometer, ~40% of their WVO2peak’ >8,000 steps· day-1 for >4 days·wk−1 [WCNT, M=8, F=44], and 3) interval walking with an accelerometer, >5 sets of 3-min low-velocity walk at 30% WVO2peak followed by 3-min high-velocity of walk at 70% WVO2peak for >4 days·wk−1 [WINT, M=11, F=31]. Before and after ET, FEXT and FFLX were measured by Biodex, and CVO2, peak was determined by respiratory gas analyses during graded cycling. WVO2peak was estimated by substituting accelerations during graded walking for the equation reported previously (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35: 1766–1772, 2003). After training, FEXT, FFLX, CVO2peak, and WVO 2peak in WINT increased by 11.6% (P<0.01), 16.0% (P<0.05), 9.3% (P<0.05), and 8.3% (P< 0.05), respectively, while they remained unchanged in other groups (P<0.05). The change in WVO2peak in individuals after ET was significantly correlated with that in CVO2peak (R2 = 0.444, P<0.001). Thus, ET by interval walking for 5 mos increases aerobic capacity and thigh muscle strength in elderly people, which can be done and evaluated by accelerometry.

A personal history of veterinary public health.

Growth Hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone responsible for the somatic growth of young people. However, there is a progressive decline of the level of GH secretion with age where its level in old people is 20% of peak puberty level. Similarly, the level of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), the local mediator of GH action, is also reduced significantly with age. Several studies in the last decade have tried to use GH replacement therapy in attempts to alleviate some of the age-accelerated symptoms. GH administration to elderly people have improved nitrogen retention and reduced urinary excretion of phosphate, sodium and nitrogen. In elderly people over 60 y old, provision of GH for 6 mo improved lean body mass by 8.8% and decreased fat tissue by 14.4%. Other reports also claimed that GH had positive effect on increasing bone cortical strength in aging 24 mo old male rats. One of the main target tissues for GH is the skeletal muscle, especially in the process of differentiation of muscle cells to form postmitotic myotubes and myofibers. Studies on the effects of GH on skeletal muscles of aging systems have led to some mixed results. Some early studies have shown that GH administration to old rats can improve muscle mass and denervation associated with muscle atrophy. Other studies on GH-deficient adult humans also claimed that GH can considerably improve muscle volume in these patients. More recent studies in models of muscle immobilization of old animals have shown that GH had a very positive influence in reducing muscle damage associated with immobilization. However, studies on adult patients suffering from post polio syndrome of muscle weakness have shown no improvement by GH treatment. Similarly, studies on the effect of GH on muscle strength in elderly people subjected to resistance exercise demonstrated that training indeed increases muscle strength. But addition of GH to the regimen of elderly subjects did not further increase the effect of training alone. Thus, it appears that GH may have positive effect on aging and particularly in aging skeletal muscles; however, other studies could not corroborate this positive effect. More work is needed to ascertain the effect and mode of action of GH in aging animals and humans.