Muscle PO2 Research Articles

Physiological effects of increased tissue pressure.

The physiological effects of increased tissue pressure were studied using a model system in which known pressures were applied uniformly to the hindlimbs of rabbits for a period of 5 h. Muscle blood flow was monitored using a new argon washout technique. Muscle pO2, pCO2, and pAr were measured using a Teflon membrane catheter-mass spectrometer system. The myoneural conduction velocity served as a measure of the functional status of the limb. Higher tissue pressures led to successively greater compromise of muscle blood flow and pO2. Myoneural conduction velocity decreased significantly only when a pressure of 80 mm of mercury was applied, at which time muscle blood flow and pO2 were zero. These observations suggest that abnormalities of neuromuscular function are relatively late manifestations of a pressureinduced circulatory deficiency.

Effects of tourniquet ischemia and postischemic edema on muscle metabolism

In vivo interstitial muscle pressures measured by wick catheter, tissue gas tensions measured by mass spectrometer, and glucose and high-energy phosphate metabolism measured fluorometrically were studied in the anterior tibial (AT) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of primate limbs during and following tourniquet ischemia (2.5 hours; 400 mm Hg) to elucidate postischemic edema and its metabolic consequences. During ischemia, interstitial pressure in the VL rose, while in the AT it decreased, but 24 hours later pressures in both experimental muscles were significantly greater than those in the controls. In both experimental muscles PO2 decreased significantly within 15 minutes of ischemia. PCO2 increased significantly in the AT at 30 minutes and at 75 minutes in the VL muscle. Twenty-four hours later only PO2 in the experimental AT was significantly different than its matched control. During ischemia glucose and phosphocreatine (CrP) decreased significantly, and G-6-P and lactate increased significantly in both muscles, but at 24 hours glucose levels were 25% lower and G-6-P 16.2% higher in the experimental AT and CrP 34% lower in the experimental VL. This study shows that there are significant acute and delayed alterations in primate muscle metabolism following tourniquet ischemia and suggests that these changes may be related to the anatomic location of the muscle studied and the type of trauma it has sustained.

Nicolas Andry Award

Increased tissue pressure is an important cause of local circulatory compromise. In both rabbit and human model systems known external pressures were applied to otherwise normal limbs. Side-by-side comparison of the wick and the infusion techniques revealed that both methods of pressure measurement yielded essentially identical results when tissue pressure was elevated. Measured tissue pressure significantly exceeded the external pressure applied to the limb. Using a mass spectrometer-Teflon membrane catheter system, we monitored muscle PO2 and PCO2 at different applied pressures. Muscle PO2 decreased progressively with increasing tissue pressure but did not approach zero until tissue pressure exceeded local arterial pressure. Comparison of results with level and elevated limbs indicated that elevation of an extremity dramatically lowered its tolerance for increased tissue pressure. Although they may be clinically useful modalities, these are conditions in which compression and elevation have a significant potential for compromising local circulation.

Tissue Gas Tensions in the Calf Muscles of Patients with Lower Limb Arterial Ischaemia

O2 and CO2 tensions were measured in the gastrocnemius muscles of patients submitted for reconstructive arterial surgery due to obstructive arteriosclerosis (37) or abdominal aortic aneurysm (5). Four patients without signs of arterial ischaemia served as controls. Measurements were carried out by means of implanted silastic tonometers during breathing of air and 100% O2 and immediately after walking on a treadmill. Peripheral blood pressures in the ankles were recorded with a Doppler apparatus. Baseline tissue gas tensions showed no essential differences between the various groups of patients: intermittent claudication, pain at rest, praegangrene, abdominal aortic aneurysm and controls. In contrast, baseline ankle pressures correlated well with the severity of the disease. During breathing of oxygen, the smallest increases of muscle PO2 were observed in extremities with pain at rest or praegangrene and the highest responses were recorded in controls and aneurysm patients. Muscle PCO2 values showed no alterations during oxygen breathing. In physical exercise, muscle PO2 and PCO2 levels as well as ankle blood pressures remained unchanged in controls and patients with aneurysm but no claudication. However, in all groups with arterial ischaemia, the exercise test resulted in a profound fall of muscle PO2 and ankle blood pressure and an increase of muscle PCO2.

Role of oxygen in arteriolar functional vasodilation in hamster striated muscle.

Small isolated groups of striated muscle cells were stimulated in the hamster cremaster muscle. During and after stimulation, oxygen microelectrodes were employed to determine the relationships among arteriolar vasodilation, tissue Po2, and periarteriolar Po2. Localized contraction produced a biphasic arteriolar vasodilation without associated alteration of Po2 on the surface of the arterioles (vascular smooth muscle Po2). In contrast, muscle contraction produced a decline in muscle tissue Po2 that was proportional to the contraction frequency over the range of 1--4 contractions per second. An increase in contraction frequency also produced a graded increase in arteriolar diameter, the magnitude of which was statistically correlated with the steady-state change in tissue Po2. However, arteriolar diameter changes preceded tissue Po2 changes, both with the initiation of functional dilation and during the recovery period. Tissue Po2 was manipulated at rest and during contraction by increasing the Po2 of the superfusion solution. Increasing the tissue Po2 caused a decrease in vascular diameter under both conditions and a reduction in the magnitude of the arteriolar vasodilation during contraction. Restoration of tissue Po2 to resting levels during muscle contraction produced only partial restoration of vascular diameters. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that at least three components are involved in the vascular control process during muscular activity: an early component independent of tissue oxygen levels, a late component independent of oxygen, and a late component associated with a decrease in muscle Po2, without an effect on vascular smooth muscle Po2. The evidence indicated that Po2 of the smooth muscle of the arterioles had no role in the dilation observed.

Effect of Pneumatic Tourniquet on Muscle Oxygen Tension

Recent investigations suggest that circulation in a limb can be reduced with a tourniquet to less than 1 per cent of the control limb, or even completely occluded. The development of tissue oxygen tonometry with implanted silastic tubes has provided new possibilities for assessing muscle tissue oxygen tension. In the present work, this method was employed to register the effect of tourniquet blackade on the lower limb muscle PO2 in rabbits. The duration of the tourniquet blockade was 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The baseline muscle PO2 in the tibialis anterior muscle was 22.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg. During the tourniquet blockade the oxygen tension dropped to minimal values between 9.2 +/- 0.5 and 10.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg in these experimental groups, but the tissue microclimate never reached fully anoxic conditions. The rapid response of muscle PO2 to oxygen breathing after release of the blockade suggests that limb microcirculation tolerates tourniquet occlusion well.

Skeletal muscle PO2: indicator of peripheral tissue perfusion in haemorrhagic shock.

The following conclusions can be made on the basis of this work: 1) Measurements of skeletal muscle oxygen tension provide an excellent index of tissue perfusion in haemorrhagic shock. 2) Correction of cardiac output and arterial blood oxygen tension in haemorrhagic shock does not necessarily ensure normal tissue oxygenation. 3) In haemorrhagic shock adequate replacement of blood loss using a balanced salt solution in addition to blood replacement is an integral part of the fluid management. 4) Correction of hypovolemia with an equivalent volume of a plasma expander and subsequent reinfusion of shed blood also returns tissue perfusion to normal. However, this treatment results in marked haemodilution and correction of extracellular fluid loss remains inadequate.

A NEW PROBE FOR MEASUREMENT OF MUSCLE pO2 AND ITS USE DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

Results of recent studies have shown that skeletal muscle pO2 measurements provide an excellent index of peripheral tissue perfusion. Until recently, equipment required was large and difficult to operate. A small new disposable sensor was used upon ten patients during an open-heart bypass operation. Preliminary results clearly indicate a significant decrease in oxygen delivery to peripheral muscle tissue during nonpulsatile bypass. The miniature oxygen probe used in this study functioned well in providing continuous muscle pO2 levels. Not only can it be used to monitor muscle pO2 during total body bypass but also could be used readily in other areas, such as monitoring changes in tissue pO2 during surgical revascularization or during other clinical situations requiring critical care.

Arterial and muscle oxygen tension in experimental models of asthma. Experimental models of asthma.

The immediate-type airway response in anesthetized dogs and rhesus monkeys to two antigens (ascaris and keyhole limpet hemocyanin) and pharmacologic agents (histamine, methacholine and prostaglandin F2alpha) were studied. The pulmonary function abnormalities demonstrated by changes in breathing frequency, peak expiratory flow rate, pulmonary resistance, expiratory-inspiratory time ratio, tidal volume, and dynamic compliance were compared with simultaneous determinations of arterial pO2, muscle pO2 or both, using indwelling electrodes. The results demonstrate that the O2 determinations provide an additional parameter of study of these experimental models of asthma, and that it may be one of the more sensitive indicators of an induced airway response of the immediate-type. The hypoxia parallels the degree of severity of the respiratory response and demonstrates a further similarity of this model to human asthma.

Tissue gases during hypovolemic shock.

ArticleTissue gases during hypovolemic shock.J W Brantigan, E C Ziegler, K M Hynes, T Y Miyazawa, and A M SmithJ W Brantigan, E C Ziegler, K M Hynes, T Y Miyazawa, and A M SmithPublished Online:01 Jul 1974https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1974.37.1.117MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByThe Role of Lumbar Sympathetic Nerves in Regulation of Blood Flow to Skeletal Muscle during Anaphylactic Hypotension in Anesthetized Rats21 March 2016 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 11, No. 3Diaphragmatic Function Is Preserved during Severe Hemorrhagic Shock in the RatAnesthesiology, Vol. 120, No. 2A Review of the Clinical Significance of Tissue Hypoxia Measurements in Lower Extremity Wound Management29 June 2016 | The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, Vol. 6, No. 4TRANSCUTANEOUS PRESSURE OF OXYGENShock, Vol. 26, No. 5EARLY DIFFERENCE IN TISSUE PH AND MICROVASCULAR HEMODYNAMICS IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK RESUSCITATION USING POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-ALBUMIN- AND HYDROXYETHYL STARCH-BASED PLASMA EXPANDERSShock, Vol. 24, No. 1End points of resuscitation: Choosing the right parameters to monitorDimensions of Critical Care Nursing, Vol. 21, No. 1Skeletal Muscle Acidosis Correlates with the Severity of Blood Volume Loss during Shock and ResuscitationJournal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Vol. 51, No. 6Endpoints of Resuscitation for the Victim of TraumaJournal of Intensive Care Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 2Effects of hyper- and hypoventilation on gastric and sublingual PCO2Andrej Pernat, Max Harry Weil, Wanchun Tang, Hitoshi Yamaguchi, Andreja Marn Pernat, Shijie Sun, and Joe Bisera1 September 1999 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 87, No. 3Comparison of skeletal muscle PO2, PCO2, and pH with gastric tonometric PCO2 and pH in hemorrhagic shockCritical Care Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 9Skeletal Muscle PO sub 2, PCO sub 2, and pH in Hemorrhage, Shock, and Resuscitation in DogsThe Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, Vol. 44, No. 1Measurement of venous oxyhaemoglobin saturation in the adult human forearm by near infrared spectroscopy with venous occlusionMedical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Vol. 35, No. 4Subcutaneous and Splanchnic Tissue Perfusion During Hypovolemia Evaluated by Tissue Gases and Ph MeasurementsSubcutaneous Tissue Oxygen PressureThe Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, Vol. 40, No. SupplementTranscutaneous OxymetryIntraarterial Perfusion of the Hindlimb with Pyridoxalated Hemoglobin Polyoxyethylene Conjugate Solution in Anesthetized DogsArtificial Organs, Vol. 19, No. 6Subcutaneous oxygen tensionCritical Care Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 5Continuous Tissue Oxygenation Assessment During Bloodflow Alterations in an Isolated Hindlimb Model of the PigSkeletal Muscle PO2 Assessment in ShockAssessment of perfusion in postoperative patients using tissue oxygen measurementsBritish Journal of Surgery, Vol. 74, No. 4Effects of haemorrhage on wound strength and fibroblast functionBritish Journal of Surgery, Vol. 74, No. 4Mass Spectrometry in the ICUMicrocirculation and hemorrhagic shockThe American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 1Transcutaneous oxymetry measurements during acute blood lossAnnals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 10Continuous In Vivo Measurement of Gas Tension in Blood and in TissuesIntraoperative recording of tissue gas tensions in calf muscles of patients with peripheral arterial diseaseJournal of Surgical Research, Vol. 29, No. 6Physiological effects of increased tissue pressureInternational Orthopaedics, Vol. 3, No. 3Pathophysiology of ShockPathology - Research and Practice, Vol. 165, No. 4Anoxemia as the cause of death in shockMedical Hypotheses, Vol. 5, No. 6Tissue Gas Tensions in the Calf Muscles of Patients with Lower Limb Arterial Ischaemia12 July 2009 | Scandinavian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 13, No. 1Differential tissue gas analysis in primates during alterations in FlO2Journal of Surgical Research, Vol. 24, No. 2Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Tensions in the Gastrocnemius Muscles of Patients with Lower Limb Arterial Ischaemia16 April 2012The acute effects of tourniquet ischemia on tissue and blood gas tensions in the primate limbThe Journal of Hand Surgery, Vol. 3, No. 1Reliability of mass spectrometric techniques for tissue gas analysisJournal of Surgical Research, Vol. 21, No. 4Hypovolemic ShockVeterinary Clinics of North America, Vol. 6, No. 2Tissue oxygen as a real-time measure of oxygen transportJournal of Surgical Research, Vol. 20, No. 4Tissue Po 2 Measured in Man by an Implanted Latex Rubber TubeActa Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 19, No. 5Non-Healing Wounds More from this issue > Volume 37Issue 1July 1974Pages 117-22 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1974.37.1.117PubMed4836576History Published online 1 July 1974 Published in print 1 July 1974 Metrics

Oxygen supply to the tissues during limited normovolemic hemodilution

Limited normovolemic hemodilution has been performed in splenectomized dogs during pentobarbital anesthesia and controlled ventilation. The hematocrit has been decreased by exchanging arterial blood against dextran 60 until 20% was reached. Cardiac output, myocardial contractility, local muscle blood flow and local tissue PO2 were investigated in relation to progressive decrease in red cell concentration. Limited normovolemic hemodilution was associated with a significant increase of total and local blood flow; local tissue hypoxia did not develop despite the decrease in oxygen capacity of the blood as proved by the measurements of spatial PO2 in liver, kidney, pancreas, small intestine and skeletal muscle. It is concluded that flow improvement in limited normovolemic hemodilution is the key mechanism in maintaining the oxygen supply to the tissues, a fact which favors the concept of normovolemic hemodilution as a therapeutic tool in microcirculatory disorders.

Regional heterogeneity of PCO2 and PO2 in skeletal muscle.

Gas pockets in the peritoneal space and subcutaneous tissue have been used for estimation of oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures in tissue (Campbell, 1931; Van Liew, 1968). Inside of soft tissue it is difficult to form and later retrieve a gas bubble, so a special technique was devised whereby gas is retained inside a piece of hollow glass capillary tubing (Van Liew, 1962). Gasometric techniques have the major advantage that both PCO2 and PO2 are measured simultaneously.KeywordsOxygen TransportCarbon Dioxide Partial PressurePeritoneal SpaceOxygen AbsorberPC02 ApproachThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Skeletal muscle PO2: effect of inhaled and topically applied O2 and CO2.

ARTICLESSkeletal muscle PO2: effect of inhaled and topically applied O2 and CO2WJ Whalen, and P NairWJ Whalen, and P NairPublished Online:01 Apr 1970https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.218.4.973MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited BySupplemental oxygen administration during mechanical ventilation reduces diaphragm blood flow and oxygen deliveryAndrew G. Horn, Olivia N. Kunkel, Kiana M. Schulze, Dryden R. Baumfalk, Ramona E. Weber, David C. Poole, and Bradley J. Behnke25 April 2022 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 132, No. 5Avoid Excessive Oxygen Levels in Experiments with Organisms, Tissues and CellsEffects of Acute Anemia and Hyperoxia on Oxygen Distribution2 November 2011Hyperoxia-induced Decrease in Organ Blood FlowAnesthesiology, Vol. 108, No. 1Microvascular oxygen distribution in awake hamster window chamber model during hyperoxiaAmy G. Tsai, Pedro Cabrales, Robert M. Winslow, and Marcos Intaglietta1 October 2003 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 285, No. 4Monitoring the Systemic Circulation in Sepsis with MicroelectrodesTissue oxygenation and perfusion in patients with systemic sepsisCritical Care Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 7Effect of Acute Respiratory Acidosis on the Limits of Oxygen Extraction during HemorrhageAnesthesiology, Vol. 85, No. 4In vivo Oximetry Using EPR and India InkMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, Vol. 33, No. 2Role of endothelium-derived prostaglandins in hypoxia-elicited arteriolar dilation in rat skeletal muscle.Circulation Research, Vol. 71, No. 4In vivo oximetry using a nitroxide-liposome systemMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, Vol. 20, No. 1Near-infrared optical responses in feline brain and skeletal muscle tissues during respiratory acid-base imbalanceBrain Research, Vol. 519, No. 1-2Skeletal muscle oxygen availability during respiratory acid-base disturbances in catsRespiration Physiology, Vol. 70, No. 2Skeletal muscle oxygen availability during respiratory acid-base disturbances in catsRespiration Physiology, Vol. 70, No. 1Near Infrared Optical Monitoring of Cat Skeletal Muscle during HypercapniaMicrocirculation of Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle Oxygen Pressure Fields in Rats: A Study of the Normal State and the Effects of Local Anesthetics, Local Trauma and HemorrhageActa Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 24, No. 3Oxygen requirement for prostaglandin biosynthesisProstaglandins and Medicine, Vol. 1, No. 2Relative importance of tissue oxygenation and vascular smooth muscle hypoxia in determining arteriolar responses to occlusion in the hamster cheek pouch.Circulation Research, Vol. 41, No. 4Oxygen and lactic acid transport in skeletal muscleAnnals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3COUNTERCURRENT EXCHANGE OF EIIGHLY DIFFUSIBLE TRACERS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE: ITS ABSENCE IN THE LUNGClinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Vol. 4, No. 2The effect of oxygen on arteriolar red cell velocity and capillary density in the rat cremaster muscleMicrovascular Research, Vol. 12, No. 1The effect of myoglobin on the oxygen concentration in skeletal muscle subjected to ischemiaAnnals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 2Role of resistance and exchange vessels in local microvascular control of skeletal muscle oxygenation in the dog.Circulation Research, Vol. 38, No. 5Spontaneous Oscillations of PO2 in Muscle TissueTissue PO2, VO2, Venous PO2 and Perfusion Pressure in Resting Dog Gracilis Muscle Perfused at Constant FlowVariability of partial pressures of CO2 and O2 in resting skeletal muscleMicrovascular Research, Vol. 10, No. 2Measurements of oxygen tension in tissues with a micro oxygen electrodeMicrovascular Research, Vol. 5, No. 3On the malignant transformation of cells during prolonged culture under hypoxic conditions in vitroBiochemical Medicine, Vol. 7, No. 2The Oxygen Micro-ElectrodeIntracellular Oxygen MicroelectrodesIntrinsic Metabolic Regulation of Blood Flow, O2 Extraction and Tissue O2 Delivery in Dog Skeletal MuscleRegional Heterogeneity of PCO2 and PO2 in Skeletal MuscleReactive Hyperemia in Arterioles and Capillaries of Frog Skeletal Muscle following MicroocclusionCirculation Research, Vol. 31, No. 6Microvascular Responses to Alterations in Oxygen TensionCirculation Research, Vol. 31, No. 4Computer simulation of oxygen tension histograms — A possibility for interpretation of microelectrode measurements1 July 1972 | Experientia, Vol. 28, No. 7Station�re Verteilung der O2-Drucke im Tumorgewebe (DS-Carcinosarkom) I. Messungen in vivo unter Verwendung von Gold-MikroelektrodenZeitschrift f�r Krebsforschung und Klinische Onkologie, Vol. 77, No. 1Chapter 6 Macro- and Micro-Oxygen Electrode Techniques for Cell MeasurementIntravascular oxygen polarography and histaminergic vasodilatation in the catLife Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 7SkeletmuskelSauerstoffdruck, Sauerstoffverbrauch und Durchblutung in der Extremit�tenmuskulatur des wachen FroschesPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 321, No. 1Physiologic Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Hemodynamics and Microcirculation More from this issue > Volume 218Issue 4April 1970Pages 973-980 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1970 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.218.4.973PubMed5435430History Published online 1 April 1970 Published in print 1 April 1970 Metrics

OXYGEN WASHOUT STUDIES IN THE ANESTHETIZED DOG.

To evaluate technique for producing hypoxia in patients during radiotherapy, anesthetized dogs were hyperventilated with N2 for 3 min. End-tidal Po2 fell rapidly to near zero, but arterial Po2 fell to 10 mm Hg with mixed venous Po2 fractionally higher. Mean tissue Po2 of cortical gray matter fell to 0.7 mm Hg, white matter to 1.7, and subcutaneous tissue to 1.8, but muscle fell only to 7.8 mm Hg. Reasons for failure of oxygen washout are discussed. N2 inhalation; radiosensitivity; muscle Po2; brain Po2; tissue Po2; polarography; cerebral cortical cell inhibition; arterio-venous Po2 Submitted on October 25, 1962