Muscle Energy Technique Research Articles

Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Laser Versus Phonopheresis along with Muscle Energy Technique for Jumpers Knee in Badminton Players

The ability to change direction and position of the body quickly and effectively while maintaining postural stability and orientation are important in badminton sports. There is also harmony related to skill and plan achievement during dynamic balance and agility. The purpose of the study is to compare the effectiveness of the LASER and phonopheresis along with muscle energy techniques in jumpers knee happens in badminton players. Experimental design, comparative study and Random sampling technique is used in this study. 40 samples were used with the duration of 3 months for this study. Group A consists of 20 athletes treated with LASER and muscle energy techniques whereas Group B consists of 20 athletes treated with Phonophoresis using Piroxicam gel and muscle energy techniques. Proforma like age, height, weight, level of competition, hours of practice, medical and surgical history, and limb length measurements (asis to medial malleolus) are collected from each player. The subjects were divided into two equal groups. Group A was given low level laser therapy and muscle energy techniques and Group B phonopheresis and muscle energy techniques Outcome measures are done with VISA -P, LEFS, NPRS, SIT AND REACH TEST. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to assess all the parameters. Paired ‘t- test’ was used to find out the` significant difference among the effectiveness of LASER along with Muscle Energy Technique and phonopheresis along with muscle energy techniques on jumper’s knee by VISA -P, LEFS, NPRS and Sit and reach test in athletes. LASER therapy associated with Muscle energy technique was effective in improving Jumper’s knee when compared with Phonopheresis associated with Muscle energy technique over 7 days of period.

Comparison of the Effects of Applying Muscle Energy Techniques Versus Stretching Techniques to the Ankle Joint on Ankle Joint Range of Motion, Balance Ability and Gait Ability of Chronic Stroke Patients with Limited Ankle Dorsiflexion

Comparison of the Effects of Applying Muscle Energy Techniques Versus Stretching Techniques to the Ankle Joint on Ankle Joint Range of Motion, Balance Ability and Gait Ability of Chronic Stroke Patients with Limited Ankle Dorsiflexion

Vascular Delay Soft Tissue Technique in Oral/Maxillary Bone Reconstructive Surgery: A Technical Note.

The present study describes a new presurgical soft tissue technique in oral/maxillary bone reconstructive surgery for reducing the risk of soft tissue dehiscence and its related complications. Ten consecutive patients with Cawood and Howell type V atrophy were scheduled for CAD/CAM titanium mesh bone reconstructive surgery after applying the vascular delay technique 21 days before regenerative surgery. The surgical and healing complications were clinically assessed at nine time points, ranging from the time of bone regenerative surgery to 9 months after surgery. Surgical complications included flap damage and neurologic and vascular complications. Healing complications were subdivided into four classes. These classes comprised Class I: small membrane exposure (≤ 3 mm) without purulent exudate; Class II: large membrane exposure (> 3 mm) without purulent exudate; Class III: membrane exposure with purulent exudate; and Class IV: abscess formation without membrane. The study sample included seven men and three women (mean age: 48.2 ± 3.5 years) with seven mandibular cases and three maxillary cases. The defect length ranged from three to six teeth, with a mean mesiodistal distance of 29.9 ± 8.5 mm and a mean volume augmentation of 2.03 ± 0.9 cm3. There were no surgical complications. One patient presented a Class I healing complication that did not affect the regeneration outcome. The vascular delay technique appears to reduce the risk of soft tissue dehiscence and exposure in bone regenerative surgery, though randomized studies involving larger samples and longer follow-up periods are needed in order to draw firm conclusions.

The Efficacy of Muscle Energy and Mulligan Mobilization Techniques for the Upper Extremities and Posture after Breast Cancer Surgery with Axillary Dissection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Breast cancer surgeries affect the upper extremities and posture. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of muscle energy and Mulligan mobilization techniques on the upper extremities and posture after breast cancer surgery with axillary dissection. Methods: A total of 90 female participants who had undergone breast cancer surgery with axillary dissection were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups. Group A received a combination of the Mulligan and muscle energy techniques, while Groups B and C received either the Mulligan or muscle energy techniques for six weeks, respectively. The study measured the shoulders' range of motion, posture, and upper-extremity disabilities. Outcome measurements were taken at three different time points: baseline, post-intervention, and at eight-week follow-up. Results: All the interventions significantly improved the study outcomes. The combination of the Mulligan and muscle energy techniques was significantly better than a single intervention. Mulligan mobilization was superior to the muscle energy techniques in terms of improving the shoulders' range of motion and disability. The interventions showed a significant effect pre-post-treatment and pre-follow-up but not post-follow-up. Conclusions: The Mulligan mobilization and muscle energy techniques have been found beneficial in improving the postural changes and shoulder outcomes after breast cancer surgery with axillary dissection. The superior effectiveness of the combined interventions points out the importance of integrating multiple therapeutic approaches for optimal outcomes. Regular examination and long-term follow-up assessment are important for studying the effect of rehabilitation interventions in people after the late stages of breast surgery.

The Effects of Soft-Tissue Techniques and Exercise in the Treatment of Patellar Tendinopathy-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Patellar tendinopathy is a degenerative clinical disorder that causes load-related pain in the lower pole of the patella or patellar tendon. It predominantly affects young male athletes engaged in sports involving repetitive tendon loading, particularly explosive jumping. The combination of manual techniques with therapeutic exercise is hypothesized to provide greater benefits than exercise alone. The aim of this study is to analyze the scientific evidence regarding the effects of soft-tissue techniques combined with therapeutic exercise versus therapeutic exercise alone on pain intensity and function in individuals with patellar tendinopathy. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, CENTRAL, WOS, SciELO, Academic Search, CINAHL, SportDiscus, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases were consulted. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized trials focusing on the effects of soft-tissue techniques combined with therapeutic exercise (experimental group) versus therapeutic exercise alone (control group) on pain and function in individuals aged 16 years and older with patellar tendinopathy were selected. The Cochrane tool for risk-of-bias assessment and the PEDro scale for methodological quality were used. A total of six studies (n = 309; age range = 16-40 years), considered to have a low risk of bias and moderate-to-high methodological quality, were included. The results showed improvements in function in the experimental group (mean of 60% on the Visa-P scale) and pain in the experimental group (mean decrease of 2 points in the VAS scale). There were improvements in 50% of the studies when comparing variables between the experimental and control groups. The combination of manual techniques, such as dry needling, percutaneous electrolysis, transverse friction massage, and stretching, along with a squat on a 25° inclined plane, appears to be effective in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. Static stretching of the quadriceps before and after the squat five times per week, along with dry needling or percutaneous electrolysis sessions twice a week for 8 weeks, is recommended. However, future studies analyzing groups with passive techniques versus therapeutic exercise are needed to standardize the treatment and establish the optimal dose.

Potential mechanisms for osteopathic manipulative treatment to alleviate migraine-like pain in female rats.

Migraines are the leading cause of disability in the United States, and the use of non-pharmaceutical treatments like osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) has shown promise. Despite its potential, the lack of mechanistic understanding has hindered widespread adoption. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of OMT in treating acute migraines and unravel its underlying mechanisms of action. Female rats were subjected to a "two-hit" approach to induce migraine-like pain. This involved bilateral injections of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the trapezius muscle (1st hit) followed by exposure to Umbellulone, a human migraine trigger, on Day 6 post-CFA (2nd hit). Soft tissue and articulatory techniques were applied to the cervical region for acute abortive or repeated prophylactic treatment. Cutaneous allodynia and trigeminal system activation were assessed through behavioral tests and immunohistochemical staining. Following Umbellulone inhalation, CFA-primed rats exhibited periorbital and hind paw allodynia. Immediate application of OMT after Umbellulone inhalation as an abortive treatment partially alleviated cutaneous allodynia. With OMT applied thrice as a prophylactic measure, complete suppression of tactile hypersensitivity was observed. Prophylactic OMT also prevented the increase of c-fos signals in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and the elevation of calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in trigeminal ganglia induced by CFA and Umbellulone exposure at 2 h post-inhalation. These findings provide mechanistic insights into OMT's migraine-relief potential and underscore its viability as a non-pharmacological avenue for managing migraines.

Short term effects of MET programme in patients diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a randomised controlled trial

Background Muscle Energy Techniques have been reported to provide beneficial effects on range of movement in multiple musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Noting these physiological effects and clinical recommendations, the effects of METs are given importance through investigations on their input in managing COPD symptoms. The maintenance of such outcomes has though not been investigated. Therefore, the aim is to look into the short-term effects, 4-week post completion of the intervention, on pulmonary function, chest measurements, exercise tolerance and ADLs. Method This paper reports outcomes from a randomised controlled trial. 108 patients with COPD were recruited and assigned to 2 groups. The intervention group underwent a 4-week MET programme applied to the accessory muscles of respiration. The control group on the other hand continued with standard medical treatment. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, at the 4th week time point on completion of the intervention, and again 4 weeks after. The outcome measures were performed in both groups which consisted of the pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk test (6MWT), chest measurements and the Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living (MR-ADL) questionnaire. Results Significant improvements were observed after 4 weeks from cessation of MET intervention when compared to baseline for pulmonary function measures (p < 0.001), chest measurements (p < 0.001) and ADLs (p < 0.001), in subjects enrolled in the intervention group. Conclusions Significant short-term effects in outcome measures following 4 weeks from completion of the MET programme were observed in the intervention group. Clinical trial registration: The study was clinically registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04773860)

Effects of MET and Joint Mobilization on Pain Reduction and Shoulder Tightness in Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effects of muscle energy technique (MET) and shoulder joint mobilization on pain and shoulder stiffness in athletes. Materials and methods: A thorough search was done from April 2013 to April 2023 in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, PEDro, and Google Scholar. Data extraction required access to the whole texts of all research that might have been pertinent. Results: In total, 298 articles of RCT were discovered following the key phrase search. After removing duplicates, abstracts of the remaining 28 examining articles revealed that 18 did not match the requirements, leaving ten articles to be included. Conclusion: This study came to the conclusion that the muscle energy method and shoulder joint mobilization enhance range of motion (ROM) and lessen discomfort in athletes with tight shoulders.

Comparison of Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilization and Muscle Energy Technique in Patients with Periarthritis Shoulder Using SPADI and NPRS

Background: Periarthritis shoulder is a shoulder ailment with no recognised cause. It gradually causes theshoulder’s range of motion to be restricted. Between 2% and 3% of the general population suffer from adhesiveshoulder capsulitis, which most frequently develops between the ages of 40-65 years. The region graduallythickens, leading to shoulder stiffness and increase in pain.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of Maitland mobilization and Muscle energy technique in patients withperiarthritis shoulder using SPADI and NPRS.Materials and Methods: Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Maitland mobilization group (n =33) and Muscle Energy Technique group (n = 33). The subjects were assessed using SPADI and NPRS for pre andpost-test values. The one group treated with Maitland mobilization (grade 1 and 2) were given to the patientsalong with some exercises. The other group were treated with muscle energy technique along with some exercises.These interventions were given for 4 weeks.The entire process was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023.Result: There was a significant improvement from pre-treatment levels in pain and ROM in Maitland mobilizationgroup compared to muscle energy group.Conclusion: Hence the study concludes that there is a more significant increase in ROM and SPADI score, and asignificant decrease in pain on NPRS by Maitland mobilization as compared with Muscle energy technique

Comparative Study on Myofascial Release Technique and Muscle Energy Technique in Reducing Pain and Improving Functional Activity for People With Chronic Low Back Pain: Experimental Study

Background: Chronic Low Back Pain is a complex and multifactorial condition, often associated with muscularimbalances, trigger points, and myofascial restrictions. MRT focuses on releasing myofascial restrictions, whileMET utilizes muscle contractions to normalize muscle length and improve joint mobility. Both techniques haveshown promising results individually.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of myofascial release technique and muscle energy technique in reducingpain and improving functional activity in individuals with chronic low back pain.Material and Method: This is an experimental study done using purposive sampling technique with inclusioncriteria of age between 30 to 55, Patients who were diagnosed with chronic low back pain (Duration of at least 12weeks). patients with history of Fractures and Musculoskeletal conditions were excluded. The sampling size of thestudy is (n=90) subjects for a period of 6 weeks [February 2023 to March 2023].Results: The results revealed significant improvement of functional activity in patients with chronic low back pain.Conclusion: This study finally concluded that MRT is more effective than MET in reducing pain and improvingfunctional activity for individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain.

Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique and Strengthening Exercises by KOOS in Knee Osteoarthritis Strengthening Exercise in Reducing Pain to Improve Functional Activity Measured by KOOS in Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: According to 2012 data, the prevalence rate of OA in both rural and urban India was ranging from33% to 46% of the older adult population where females were more affected than men. Participants with knee OAfrequently need to perform strengthening exercises since they have weaker muscles due to decreased physicalactivity and pain tolerance.Purpose: The Purpose of the study is to find out the efficacy of Muscle energy technique and strengthening exercisein pain management to improve ROM in knee osteoarthritis.Materials and methods: This study included a sample of 196 between the age group of 45- 60 years were takenfrom Shri Shakthi’s centre for pain relief and rehabilitation according to selection criteria for this experimentalstudy which was divided into two groups, strengthening exercise group (n=98) and muscle energy techniquegroup (n=98) . Interventions were given as 5 sessions a week and continued for 2 weeks.Study period: March 2023 to July 2023.Result: The Pre-test and post-test values were analysed, pain score was decreased and functional outcome wasimproved significantly in strengthening exercise groups when compared to muscle energy technique.Conclusion: The study shows that strengthening exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults is moreeffective than muscle energy technique.

The Effectiveness of Kinesio-Taping and Muscle Energy Technique Versus Knee Strengthening Exercises on Pain and Function in Subjects with Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Background: An approach known as Kinesio-taping will be used to support the knee joint and muscle. MET isa sort of manual therapy that uses moderate isometric contractions to relax the muscles and reduces discomfort,stress and strain. It also prevents knee instability by enhancing quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength andfunction in patients with OA knees.Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of Kinesio-taping and muscle energytechniques for pain and function in terms of NPRS and KOOS in subjects with OA knee.Methodology: Forty osteoarthritis patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups (A or B). Group A(n=20) will receive Kinesio-taping and (MET) post-isometric relaxation for the hamstring, quadriceps, andgastrocnemius muscles along with interferential therapy. Group B (n=20) will receive knee strengthening exercisesfor both hamstring and quadriceps and interferential therapy for a period of thrice a week for 6 weeks. The NPRS(numerical pain rating scale) and KOOS (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score) were used to assess painand functional improvement before and after the tests.Results: Group A showed a significant mean difference (P = &gt;0.001) between the NPRS and KOOS. Hence Group-AKinesio-taping and muscle energy technique along with IFT are significant in treating individuals with pain andfunction in Osteoarthritis of the knee.Conclusion: This study concluded that the Kinesio-taping and MET (post isometric relaxation) with IFT (GroupA) shows effectiveness in improving the pain and function in the OA knee.

Effect of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Adhesive Capsulitis

Background: Adhesive Capsulitis in the shoulder characterized as a self-limiting situation that lasts only while ithas also been described as a 24 week long-term impairment caused by a chronic condition. SMET is a widely usedmethod to restore normal ROM and reduce pain. PNF aims to improve joint synchronization, movement control,and mobility.Purpose: This study focuses on the effect of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Proprioceptive NeuromuscularFacilitation for reducing pain and disability in Adhesive Capsulitis.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria fromEyan Healthcare Foundation during the period of November 2022 to July 2023. They were split into two groups,with 20 Participants receiving Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and 20 Participants receiving ProprioceptiveNeuromuscular Facilitation. Subjects with age of 40-70 years, with or without diabetes and pain or stiffness onshoulder were included and Subjects with recent trauma, injury around the shoulder were excluded in the study.All the subjects underwent pre-test measurement with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the samerepeated for post-test measurement at the end of 4 weeks.Results: By statistical analysis there is a significant difference between the two groups. The Spencer group displaysa greater difference than the PNF group when comparing mean differences of the two groups using SPADI.Conclusion: The study concluded that subjects who underwent Spencer Muscle Energy Technique are found tobe more effective in reducing pain and disability than Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in AdhesiveCapsulitis.

Magnitude of changes in muscle endurance in the Biering-Sorensen test and changes in balance in subjects with LBP treated with muscle energy techniques.

Purpose: Manual therapy is used as a conservative treatment for people with low back pain (LBP). The scale of the problem encourages the search for the most effective methods to assess of manual treatment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate magnitude of changes in muscle endurance using the Biering-Sorensen test (BST) and to analyse balance in patients with LBP treated with ERS and FRS muscle energy techniques (MET). Methods: The study included fifteen men with LBP (mean age: 42 years) working as automotive assemblers. Endurance of the biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GM) and erector spinae (ES) muscles were analysed using sEMG during the BST. The level of experienced pain, degree of disability and postural stability were also examined. Results before and after a three-week treatment cycle using MET were compared. Results: The MET therapy resulted in a reduction in pain ( p = 0.001), an improvement in the degree of disability ( p < 0.001) and an increase in the duration of the BST ( p < 0.001). After therapy, the values of the NMFs parameter indicating the degree of fatigue increased, i.e., ES muscle endurance increased, both right ( p = 0.004) and left ( p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant decrease in the centre of pressure (COP) movement velocity in balance tests. Conclusions: The use of MET in patients with LBP increases muscle endurance, improves postural balance, and reduces pain levels on the VAS and disability levels according to the ODI. MET appears to be a good tool for preventing LBP.

Effectiveness of shoulder mobilization combined with muscle energy technique in the management of adhesive capsulitis: A randomized control trial

Background: Adhesive capsulitis is a debilitating condition characterized by a gradual, painful loss of shoulder motion. As a part of physical therapy programs, mobilization techniques are an important part of the intervention. However, the potential utility of mobilization along with other interventions under supervision is not explored, especially compared to home program exercises. Aim: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of the combination of Maitland’s mobilization protocol and muscle energy techniques (METs) with self-directed nonsupervised general home exercise program (HEP) in frozen shoulder patients. Methods: A total of 24 subjects (14 females and 10 males) were randomized into mobilization with supervised exercise therapy (MSE) group (n = 12) and HEP group (n = 12). Subjects in the MSE group were given Maitland’s mobilization technique and MET for 3 sets (10 glides per set), 3 times/week for 6 weeks, and nonsupervised general HEP for the HEP group. Pain intensity and range of motions (ROMs) of the shoulder were measured for both the groups at the completion of the study duration. Results: Both the groups showed alleviation in pain, but a significant improvement was found in the MSE group than the HEP group. The within-group study showed that ROM was improved in flexion, abduction, external rotation (ER), and internal rotation in the two groups; however, the percentage change was higher in the MSE group than in the HEP group. Significant group effect (P = 0.041 and P = 0.009), time effect (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001), and group × time effects (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001) were found for flexion and ER ROM. Conclusions: A supervised protocol that includes mobilization and other exercises can be an alternative protocol used for the treatment of frozen shoulder without profound adverse effects.

Comparison of the effect of a 5-week series of positional release therapy and muscle energy technique on pain threshold and mobility of the cervical spine in people with the upper crossed syndrome

Comparison of the effect of a 5-week series of positional release therapy and muscle energy technique on pain threshold and mobility of the cervical spine in people with the upper crossed syndrome

Efficacy of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on Pain and Range of Motion in Patients with Upper Trapezius Triggers Point: A Literature Review

Introduction: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is current musculoskeletal pain disorder that affects the majority of chronic pain population. Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) are hyperexcitable spots in a tight band within the skeletal muscle, which ache upon shortening, elongating and manifest referred pain. Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) is a single coordinated technique, which is used to decrease the pain intensity, increase the function and range of motion due to the increased blood supply by intermittent pressure, muscle relaxation by strain-counter strain and tone reduction by muscle energy technique. Thus, the review of literature was suggested to explore the efficacy of techniques like INIT on pain and range of motion parameters. Aim: To evaluate the current literatures on the efficacy of INIT on pain and range of motion in patients with upper trapezius trigger point. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024, using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases to identify studies on the Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) in patients with upper trapezius trigger points. Seven articles meeting inclusion criteria were selected for detailed analysis to evaluate INIT’s effects on pain and range of motion in this population. Results: From the initial search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases, seven articles met inclusion criteria for analysis. Among these, four studies reported positive outcomes for the Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) in treating upper trapezius trigger points. INIT interventions consistently improved pain levels and range of motion, indicating its efficacy in managing myofascial pain syndromes in this muscle group. Conclusion: An integrated strategy, INIT is proved to be effective in reducing pain and improving quality of life in patients with non specific neck pain, stiffness, and enhancing functionality.

Impact of Manual Therapy Techniques in Individuals with Text Neck Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Introduction: Manual therapy can help to improve pain, range of motion, strength, functional disability etc. Techniques like Elongation Longitudinaux Avec Decoaption Osteo-articulaire (ELDOA), Myofascial release, Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Neck Stabilisation exercises etc, targets specific areas affected by text neck syndrome and provide valuable management strategies. Aim: To summarise all the available evidences on how manual therapy techniques can help individuals with Text neck syndrome. Materials and Methods: A narrative review search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from year 2019 to January 2024. The search terms- “Text neck syndrome”, “Manual therapy”, “Physiotherapy” were used. The studies which included both males and females aged 18-35 years with text neck syndrome, full text Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) and Quasi-experimental studies were included. Results: Total 1,464 articles were found on different databases. A total of nine articles which met the inclusion criteria were included in this narrative review, out of which seven were randomised trials and two were quasi-experimental studies. Most of the manual therapy techniques found to be significantly effective in reducing pain, functional disability, improving Range of Motion (ROM) and strength while the cervical stabilisation exercise with visual feedback was effective for the proprioception and the neck stabilisation and contrology training increased Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) in individuals with text neck syndrome. Conclusion: The present review concluded that manual therapy techniques which authors reviewed were safe and effective in reducing pain, functional disability, improving ROM and strength in individuals with text neck syndrome.

The Use of Exercise Prescription in Australian Osteopathy Practice: Secondary Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample of the Profession.

Exercise is beneficial for improving general health, wellbeing, and specific medical conditions. In musculoskeletal conditions such as chronic low back and neck pain, prescribed exercise has been found to be moderately effective in decreasing pain and improving function. Osteopaths are primary contact health professionals who manage predominantly musculoskeletal complaints. This work presents a secondary data analysis of the Australian osteopathy practice-based research network and profiles the characteristics of osteopaths who often use exercise prescription in patient care. Methodology. Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 992 osteopaths was registered with the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network, an Australian practice-based research network. Demographics, practice, and treatment characteristics of Australian osteopaths who "often" use exercise prescription in patient care were examined. Seven-hundred and thirty-three Australian osteopaths (74%) indicated that they use exercise prescription "often" in patient care. Australian osteopaths who often use exercise prescription are more likely to be colocated with another osteopath (ORa 1.54) and send referrals to an exercise physiologist (ORa 1.94) and a specialist medical practitioner (ORa 1.72). Those osteopaths who often used exercise prescription were also more likely to discuss physical activity (ORa 5.61) and nutrition (ORa 1.90). Australian osteopaths who use exercise prescription often were more likely to treat patients with sports injuries (ORa 2.43) and use soft tissue techniques (ORa 1.92), trigger point techniques (ORa 2.72), and sports taping (ORa 1.78). Osteopaths who utilise exercise prescription were more likely to discuss physical activity, diet, and nutrition and utilise referral networks with specialist medical practitioners and exercise physiologists. Australian osteopaths who often use exercise prescriptions were also more likely to treat patients with sport injury. The results suggest that most Australian osteopaths use exercise prescription and have referral networks with other health professionals for patient management. Further work is required to explore the type of exercise prescription used and for what conditions.

The efficacy of muscle energy techniques and Maitland mobilizations coupled with therapeutic ultrasound in patients with periarthritis of the glenohumeral joint: A comparative study

The efficacy of muscle energy techniques and Maitland mobilizations coupled with therapeutic ultrasound in patients with periarthritis of the glenohumeral joint: A comparative study