Musca Domestica Vicina Research Articles

Control of Musca domestica (House Fly) in Poultry Units using Delta Traps

Background: House fly menace is a major problem in poultry farms and nearby households. Though application of insecticides is one of the major approaches in house fly control, development of insecticide resistance is widely prevalent. Use of house fly traps is an ecofriendly alternate strategy in control of house flies. In the present study, delta traps were used to control house flies in poultry units. Methods: Red acrylic delta traps with two different pellet baits (FMP and FMPB) were placed at ground level in poultry units housing caged layer chicken with a distance of 90 cm between two traps for seven days continuously and trial was replicated six times. Trapped flies were counted, sexed and species identified. Spot cards were used to determine house fly density pre-and post-trapping. Correlation of house fly population with meteorological parameters was assessed. Result: Out of the 80410 flies trapped, 52.74 per cent (42415 flies) and 47.25 per cent (37994 flies) were trapped in FMPB and FMP pellet baited traps, respectively. Daily fly trapping pattern showed variations. Overall trap catches were dominated by female flies. Reduction in spot card count was 36.34 per cent after deployment of traps. Trap catches correlated positively with temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity. Two species Musca domestica domestica and Musca domestica vicina were identified.

Assessment of the perturbation induced by chitin synthesis inhibitors lufenuron, flufenoxuron and hexaflumuron in the house fly, Musca domestica vicina (Diptera: Muscidae)

BackgroundThe larvicidal and biochemical effects of chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs), namely lufenuron, flufenoxuron and hexaflumuron against the newly molted penultimate instar larvae of the house fly Musca domestica, were investigated.MethodsDifferent concentrations from each tested compound were applied on forty individuals of M. domestica 2nd instar larvae. Four replicates were used for each concentration.ResultsThe recorded LC25 and LC75 values were (166.11, 68.33 and 56.43 ppm) and (732.33, 283.02 and 248.45 ppm) for lufenuron, flufenoxuron and hexaflumuron, respectively. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) increase of mortality in larvae treated with different tested CSIs compounds. Mortality was greater in larvae treated by hexaflumuron than lufenuron and flufenoxuron. The main metabolites were tested in the larval whole-body tissue homogenate and findings could be summarized as follows: tested concentrations of CSIs (a) predominantly reduced the total carbohydrate, protein, lipid and cholesterol content at certain ages tested. (b) Disturbed the total carbohydrate content particularly for larvae treated with LC75 concentration of hexaflumuron. (c) Exerted the protein and lipid profiles and this effect was much more pronounced in larvae treated with hexaflumuron. (d) Reduced the quantitative cholesterol content and this reduction was found to be increased with development.ConclusionsTested CSIs in particular hexaflumuron showed remarkable larval toxicity and reduced the main metabolites content in the larval whole-body tissue homogenate of the house fly, M. domestica.

Oral Cavity Myiasis in Children : First Demonstration in Egypt with General Review

Myiasis is a problem of medical veterinary and real economic importance which affects the human welfare worldwide particularly in animal raising countries. Myiasis of man and animals is a real welfare problem of worldwide distribution. The most important insects from medical point of view are the blood suckers or the insect-borne diseases. Still others, almost non-blood suckers, but may attack man and animal to deposit their eggs or larvae causing pathogenic conditions in skin, nose, eye, lung, ear, anus, and vagina but oral manifestation is exceptional. This study focused on the clinical pictures and pathogenesis of human oral cavity myiasis. Thirteen cases were demonstrated for the first time in Egypt, ten children and the parents of three children. The extracted larvae were Lucilia sericata (four cases), Wohlfahrtia magnifica (three cases), Oestrus ovis (three children and their parents) and Musca domestica vicina (one case). The presence of O. ovis in three children and their parents recommended zoonotic myiasis. The predisposing factors were mouth breathing, incompetent lips, low socioeconomic condition, malnutrition, and inability of a child to perform daily activities due to the neurodegenerative disease.

Epidemiological potential of excretion and regurgitation by Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in the dissemination of Escherichia coli O157: H7 to food.

We previously reported that enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 (EHEC) proliferates in the mouthparts of the house fly Musca domestica vicina Macquart and are excreted for at least 3 d after ingestion. However, the role of the crop and excretory behavior of the house fly in contamination of human food with EHEC is not known. In the current experiments, EHEC persisted in the crop of house flies for at least 4 d. The number of EHEC in an excreted droplet was approximately 10(4) 1 h after bacterial feeding, > 1.8 x 10(5) 3 h after feeding, and then drastically decreased after 24 h. Excretion is one of the major mechanisms for decreasing number of EHEC in the crop and gut of the house fly. The frequency of excretion by females with developing eggs in their ovary was clearly higher (6.5 min per drop) than for males or females with mature eggs. Minute eosin-sign around a container filled with eosin-supplemented trypticase soy broth might be derived from frequent contact by house fly contaminated mouthparts. These results show that frequent excretion potentially enhances the dissemination of EHEC to foods, particularly during the first 24 h after ingestion of the bacteria.

Oostatic activity in extracts prepared from thoracic ganglia and ovaries of the housefly,Musca domestica vicina(Arthropod a: Insecta: Diptera)

Summary Aqueous extracts prepared from thoracic ganglia and ovaries had oostatic activity when injected into the housefly, Musca domestica vicina. The amount of extractable oostatic hormone in the ovary increased linearly during vitellogenesis with the highest levels occurring in the post-vitellogenic ovary. The oostatic hormone content in the thoracic ganglia fiom flies of different ages fit a parabolic curve with higher levels at emergence and 72 h and lower levels at 36 and 48 h. Aedes aegypti trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) had oostatic activity when injected into Musca domestica vicina. TMOF antibody reacted with ovarian and thoracic ganglion extracts in dot-ELISA assays. Neurosecretory cells in the periphery of the thoracic ganglion reacted with TMOF antibody.

Comparison of the main features of polytene chromosomes in two forms of theMusca domesticacomplex

SUMMARYThe main features of the salivary gland chromosome map of Musca domestica (vicina form) collected from Cairo, Egypt, are compared with the map of a standard WHO strain of M. domestica (domestica form). Banding patterns are very similar and cannot be used for clearly defining the two forms. These results suggest that the two forms are closely related at the phylogenetic level.

Isolation of latent phenoloxidase from prepupae of the housefly, Musca domestica

Latent phenoloxidase was purified from prepupae of the housefly, Musca domestica vicina Maquart. The purification procedures included DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, sucrose density gradient centrifugation adn second sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The final preparations appear to be homogeneous based on results obtained from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of EDTA. Electrophoresis in the absence of EDTA caused spontaneous activation of latent phenoloxidase. While latent phenoloxidase was fairly stable over the range of temperatures between 0 and 40°C, it was quite sensitive to changes in pH, being stable only around pH 6.0. The molecular weight of latent phenoloxidase was estimated to be 178,000, as determined by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Furthermore, phenoloxidase formed by the activation of latent phenoloxidase indicated a higher molecular weight (340,000) than that of latent phenoloxidase. Thus, it appears that the mechanism of the activation of latent phenoloxidase involves the association and disassociation system.

Reinvestigation of purification of phenoloxidase from larvae of housefly.

Phenoloxidase (Diphenoloxidase EC 1.10.3.1) was purified from an aqueous extract of the larvae of the housefly Musca domestica vicina Maquart by a procedure involving affinity chromatography on a Sepharose 4B derivative of p-aminobenzoic acid and ethylene diamine, Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-200 gel filtrations. The purified phenoloxidase was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By this improved method, phenoloxidase was recovered in greater yield and specific activity as compared with our previous purification procedure.

Purification and some physico-chemical properties of phenoloxidase from the larvae of housefly.

Phenoloxidase was purified from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica vicina Maquart, by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, extensive dialysis against deionized water, hydroxylapatite column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Purified phenoloxidase was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The sedimentation coefficient of phenoloxidase was 13.5 S. The molecular weight of phenoloxidase was 3.4×105 by Archibald's method and 3.1×105 by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of phenoloxidase was 4.7 by ampholine electrophoresis. The maximum and minimum absorptions were found at 280 nm and 251 nm, respectively, with purified phenoloxidase.

Subunit structure of phenoloxidase purified from the larvae of housefly.

The subunit structure of phenoloxidase from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica vicina Maquart, was investigated by urea treatment, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. Phenoloxidase was dissociated into a single type of subunit (MW 6.5 × 104) by 5 m urea treatment. A similar subunit (MW 6.1 × 104) was also detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, four additional protein bands with molecular weights of 4.8 × 104, 3.5 × 104, 2.4 × 104 and 1.2 × 104 were detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by extensive incubation of phenoloxidase with SDS. A cylindrical molecular structure was deduced from the electron microscopic analysis. The outside and inside diameter and the height of phenoloxidase molecule were evaluated to be 100, 50 and 70 A, respectively.

A protein factor inhibiting activation of prophenoloxidase with natural activator and its purification.

Fractionation of the crude prophenoloxidase solution from prepupae of housefly, Musca domestica vicina Maquart, was carried out. The soluble fraction of 40% saturation of am-monium sulfate contained a certain factor being able to inhibit the activation of prophe-noloxidase A with natural activator from aged pupae. The factor seemed to be a protein and was named Factor N tentatively. Purification of Factor N by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation resulted in an 18.2% of the yield of the activity and a 21.8-fold increase in the specific activity. The purified preparation of Fractor N had a sedimentation constant of 5.4 S.

Fly(Musca)Control with U.l.v. Bioresmethrin in Cairo

Abstract Two field experiments were conducted in Cairo to determine if outdoor u.l.v. bioresmethrin would control a heavy housefly infestation. In the first trial, a 100 ha site surrounding a slaughterhouse was treated on five successive mornings with 10 g/ha of bioresmethrin in 470 ml of diesel oil. The mean daily outdoor reduction in the adult fly population, principally Musca domestica vicina Macquart, at 0900 h following application of the u.l.v. aerosol was 96%. In the second trial, the same procedure was adhered to and the site was treated on 14 successive mornings at the same dosage level using the same equipment in order to interrupt the life cycle. A mean daily density reduction of about 99% was obtained. This represents a reduction from 1,147 flies per grill count to only three. After the last consecutive treatment the fly population failed to rise appreciably and subsequently, two further treatments were carried out at weekly interva's.

イエバエの卵巣発育に関する研究 : III. 卵巣発育における幼若ホルモンの役割

イエバエの卵巣発育に関する研究 : III. 卵巣発育における幼若ホルモンの役割

Sterilization of Musca domestica vicina and M. sorbens by Adult Feeding of Thiotepa12

Complete sterility was achieved in adults of the oriental housefly, Musca domestica vicina Macquart, when fed thiotepa at concentrations as low as 0.2% in regular fly food for 5 days after emergence, 0.4% for 2 days, 0.6% for 1 day. This was attained at 0.4% in both sexes of M. sorbens Wiedemann when fed the compound for 1 or 2 days. In 10% sugar solution, thiotepa was more effective causing complete sterility in males and inhibition of oviposition in females of both species at a much lower and concentration, 0.01 %. The Egyptian strain of M.d. vicina , however, seems to be more sensitive to the effect of thiotepa than a Chinese strain.

Studies on the ovarian development in the housefly, Musca domestica vicina Macquart. I. Stages of oogenesis and the function of the follicle.

Studies on the ovarian development in the housefly, Musca domestica vicina Macquart. I. Stages of oogenesis and the function of the follicle.

Studies on control of house flies in Egypt by chemosterilants. V. Mating competitiveness of laboratory and wild strains of Musca domestica vicina.

Studies on control of house flies in Egypt by chemosterilants. V. Mating competitiveness of laboratory and wild strains of Musca domestica vicina.

新らしい共力剤 Tropital の Pyrethroids に対する共力作用

A new synergistic substance named Tropital was studied with three pyrethroids to the Takatsuki strain of the housefly, Musca domestica vicina Macqu. Tropital showed the practical synergistic activity for pyrethrins but the degree of increase in toxicity was not so remarkable as in the case of piperonyl butoxide.

Studies on control of house flies in Egypt by chemosterilants. I. Laboratory studies on Musca domestica vicina.

The efficiency of tepa, metepa, apholate, and hempa in sterilizing both sexes of the oriental house fly (the Egyptian common house fly), Musca domestica vicina Macquart, was determined in the laboratory by 3 methods: ingestion by adult flies, exposure of flies to residues on glass surfaces, and treatment of larvae. Sterility was induced in mixed and segregated sexes when the chemosterilants were added to the adult food. Complete sterility was achieved at relatively lower concentrations with males than with females. When adult flies were exposed to residues of the chemosterilants on glass surfaces, complete sterility in males and inhibition of oviposition in females were obtained with tepa and metepa at concentrations of 10-100 mg/0.09 m2. Hempa induced 100% sterility in males but not in females at 10 mg/O.09 m2. Apholate showed no appreciable effect on either sex exposed to residues up to 250 mg/0.09 m2. Larval treatment did not hold any promise, since the chemosterilants acted as larvicides and pupicides to varying degrees at all the concentrations tested. Adult-food treatment is recommended for future field tests.

Effect of carbon monoxide on metabolism of insecticides in vivo.

THERE have recently been several reports which indicate that the oxidative metabolism of drugs by liver microsomes involves a eytoehrome-like pigment usually referred to as P-450 (refs, 1 and 2). This pigment, which is characterized by the difference spectrum observed when microsomal suspensions reduced either with hydrosulphite or with NADPH are saturated with carbon monoxide, has recently been found in microsomes from the housefly Musca domestica (vicina strain)3. Furthermore, the inhibition by carbon monoxide of the epoxidation of aldrin and the partial reversal of this inhibition by light supports the view that P-450 is involved in epoxidation by fly microsomes in vitro. Similar evidence has been produced to support the view that this pigment is involved in the metabolism of drugs by microsomes from rat liver2. Evidence for the role of a reaction in the metabolism of insecticides in vivo which is sensitive to carbon monoxide has not, however, been reported.

Effect of Methoxychlor and Dipterex on the Chemoreceptors of the house fly, Musca domestica vicina Macq. and the whole fly response

Zeitschrift für Angewandte EntomologieVolume 59, Issue 1-4 p. 443-447 Effect of Methoxychlor and Dipterex on the Chemoreceptors of the house fly, Musca domestica vicina Macq. and the whole fly response A. A. SOLIMAN, A. A. SOLIMAN Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassieh, UARSearch for more papers by this authorA. H. KASCHEF, A. H. KASCHEF Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassieh, UARSearch for more papers by this authorM. NAZIEM SHEATA, M. NAZIEM SHEATA Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassieh, UARSearch for more papers by this author A. A. SOLIMAN, A. A. SOLIMAN Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassieh, UARSearch for more papers by this authorA. H. KASCHEF, A. H. KASCHEF Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassieh, UARSearch for more papers by this authorM. NAZIEM SHEATA, M. NAZIEM SHEATA Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassieh, UARSearch for more papers by this author First published: January/December 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1967.tb03872.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume59, Issue1-4January/December 1967Pages 443-447 RelatedInformation