Kartika Research Articles

The revered Perumale in Tiruppukal: a case study

Tiruppukal is a devotional poetry composed by poet-saint Arunagirinathar to promote glory of Lord Murugan, the ancient god of Tamils. A preliminary literature review of the text revealed the name Perumale (Perumal), synonymous with names Tirumal and Vishnu among Tamil Vaishanavites, is more often quoted in comparison to Murugan. Thus, this article tries to analyse Arunagirinathar’s intend in promoting name Perumale. This article approaches the subject using qualitative research incorporating library-based and descriptive methods to analyse and evaluate Arunagirinathar’s such intend. Findings revealed that Perumale is a conceptual term means “Great One” or “Lord of Lords” even though has connotation to deity Perumal. The name Perumale is used in social and linguistic contexts to depict Murugan as the Great God of the Tamils. Arunagirinathar also portrayed Murugan’s attributes and his three forms to alleviate Him from the Tamil folklore deity to a Great God of the South India. Arunagirinathar also used Perumale to syncretize Murugan and Skanda to bridge a cultural and religious unity between the North-South (India) while stamping Him with pan-Indian identity. Further, Lord Murugan’s bond of kinship with various divinities and deities of Hindu pantheon in context with name Perumale portrayed Him as Supreme Being in par excellence with Siva and Vishnu as well as illustrates sense of oneness, coexistence and harmonious interaction which binds the various Hindu divides. Thus, Arunagirinathar by means of the Perumale has portrayed Murugan as a pan-Hindu god who transcends religious and philosophical barriers in Hindu pantheon.

Thaipusam and Murugan - Its Cultural Continuum in Malaysia

This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the Thaipusam festival and the worship of Murugan in Malaysia. It delves into the cultural continuity of this festival in two dimensions: firstly, tracing its origins from India to Malaysia, and secondly, exploring its evolution from the past to the present. Before delving into the main study, the paper begins by investigating the significance of temples within the Malaysian Hindu community. This foundational exploration provides essential context for understanding the societal backdrop against which Thaipusam is observed. Furthermore, the paper meticulously analyzes the Kavadi culture associated with Thaipusam, the mythology surrounding Murugan, and the process of Sanskritization in Murugan worship. The study employs concepts of subculture and religious discourse to address its objectives. It underscores the pivotal role of Thaipusam in the broader ethnic synthesis that characterizes Murugan worship in Malaysia. Notably, it acknowledges the elusive historical certainty surrounding Lord Murugan as a "conflate personage of legend." In sum, this research enhances our comprehension of Thaipusam by situating it within the rich tapestry of Tamil history, philosophies, and belief systems, particularly those intertwined with the worship of Lord Murugan.

LORD MURUGAN AND HIS SIX ABODES IN TAMIL NADU AN EFFICACY IN PILGRIMAGE TOURISM

The name Murugan evokes a response that takes one to the facet of something very holy and philosophical and at times, the esoteric. He has been regarded a God of the Tamil people (Tamil Kadavul). Known by several names, including, Karthikeya, Shanmukha, Palaniandavar, Dandayudhapani, Shiva Kumara, Saravana, Swaminatha, Kumaraswami (Bachelor God) and has been syncretized with the Vedic deity of Subrahmanya. Wherever one finds the Tamil people, the community, Murugan is the symbol of divinity. Murugan temples in Tamil Nadu number in the thousands, but a devotees wish to go to Arupadai Veedu (six abodes/war houses) temples located at Palani, Swamimalai, Thiruthani, Thiruparankundram, Tiruchendur and Pazhamudircholai as mentioned in the Sangam Literature works of Nakkeerar (Thirumurugatrupadai) and Arunagirinathar (Tiruppugal) ushers in the element of pilgrim tourism giving it a greater dimension to a phenomenal deity. The chapter studies the opportunities of tourism promotion at the destinations. It has been seen that, the way the destinations pertaining to Lord Murugan are visited is something worth understanding, which will provide for a dynamic understanding of how pilgrimage tourism can be promoted to the visitors, who throng to these places in large numbers.

Fanaticism in the Ancient Worship of Lord Murugan

Lord Muruga is one of the most notable deities mentioned in Sangam literature. In the Sangam hymns, the spear weapon existed in worship as the form of Lord Murugan. There are also reports about Velan and the events surrounding his fanatical worship of Velan. Those who worshipped Lord Murugan among the inhabitants of the Sangam age made specific requests to him. During fanaticism, they prayed to Lord Murugan to ensure that the man and woman could live a stable life, for the health of his beloved woman, for a child's boon, and to ensure that the lover who went in search of wealth did not encounter any dangerous disturbances. One of the most important and special features of the rituals of the ancient Tamil people is fanaticism. Velan, the Lord Muruga, resides in forests, groves, rivers, ponds, etc. Climbing on to a man named Velan and a woman who is the daughter of a gypsy is fanaticism. The field-setting aspect of Murugan's fanaticism, the possession of Lord Murugan the devotee, the offering of sacrifices, and the worship of Lord Murugan have sought to summarize the archaeological evidence available before the Sangam period from a historical point of view and the historical basis of worshipping Murugan found in Sangam literature.

THAIPUSAM RITUALS IN BANDA ACEH AS TAMIL HINDU ETHNIC IDENTITY

The purpose of this study is to learn more about how the Thaipusam Tamil Hindu festival is celebrated in Banda Aceh, as well as how the people of Banda Aceh feel about it. The Thaipussam ritual is a Hindu religious ceremony that the Tamil ethnic minority follows. This ceremony is performed as a thank you to Lord Murugan or Lord Subramanyam, who gives life with safety, tranquility, and prosperity. This rite is also performed as a penance and on the day when vows are paid. This study employed a qualitative approach, including observation, interviews, and documentation as tools. The acquired data was analyzed using techniques such as data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The findings of this study show that the Thaipusam ritual is not just a religious activity for the Tamil people of Banda Aceh, but also an ethnic identity. Despite being a minority, this tradition makes the Tamil ethnic group's existence in Banda Aceh known, ensuring that ordinary people are not disturbed by the celebration. The contact between Tamil Hindus and other religious communities has never been tense or contentious. They all live in peace and love, never interfering with or mocking one another's religious beliefs.

The Holy Revival of Thirumurugan at Arupatai Veedu

The Thirumurugatrupadai worships Murugu, the ancient deity of the past. Literature guides spiritual attainment through civilised world life. "Thirumurugatrupadai" stands as proof of such a purpose. Thirumurugatrupadai guides us to attain freedom from birth with the highest aim of 'listening to the greatness of the great'. The ideological aim is that the Lord himself will come as a wise teacher to conquer the mature soul. It may be said that the concept of the poet who has been presented with a gift orienting the poet who is yet to receive the prize is similar to the position in which Gnanaguru directs the matured soul towards God. The manner, in which the holiness of God is conveyed in the Arupatai Veedu (The Six Abodes of God Murugan), such as Nakkeerar, Thiruparankundram, etc., signifies the realisation of the divine power in all the six yogic states of the body and the eternal attachment to the path of bliss. Moreover, the way in which the worship of Lord Murugan has been put forward in the form of hill-topography is the guidance of the realisation of "sovereignty in nature'. Thirumurugan's position as the inner light in all objects can be seen in Thiruparankundram, the greatness of Thirumurugan, the precious being, with six faces and twelve hands because of his great grace to the living beings, in Thiruchiralaivai, in Thiruavinankudi, where Thirumurugan is the great object worshipped by all, in Thiruvinankudi, where Thirumurugan is the inner object of the six letters, in Thiruveragam, and in Thiruthanikai, the greatness of Kumaran resides. In addition, Thirumurukatrupatai enables the devotees to realise the ability of Thirumurugan to reside everywhere and is praised as a temple for redressal of grievances by placing it in the eyes of Pazhamuthir Solai. Moreover, Thirumurugan's ability to show his great form, which transcends the sky, as a small one for his devotee to see, is indicative of the devotional principle that 'God is always humble to his devotees'.

A Research on Sevvel Murugan’s Courage and Thiruseeralaivaai Origin through Paripadal - Based on the Historical Perspective of Human Civilization

Tamil one of the oldest languages ​​in the world. Sangam literatures, the oldest literature available in Tamil, which contains the collection of poems of Eighteen books called Ettuthogai and patthu paattu. Paripaadal was one of the book in Ettuthogai which having poems on Lord Murugan. In Tamilnadu, Lord murugan having six Holy places which called Arupadai veedu. A lot of Tamil literature has sung exclusively about Murugan's Arupadai veedu. Thiru seeralaivaai is one of the holy place of Lord Murugan. The 5 th poem of the Paripaadal, explaining the Sevvel Murugan’s courage and Origin of Thiruseeralaivaai. This article explaining the Sevvel Murugan’s courage and Thiruseeralaivaai Origin, Based on the historical perspective of human civilization through the 5th poem of Paripadal.

WORSHIP OF LORD MURUGAN IN THIRUMURUGATRUPADAI [TIRUMURUKĀṞṞUPPAṬAI KŪṞUM MURUKA VAḺIPĀṬU

The Universal admiration of Lord Murugan is as an extremely popular, Wondering, Cheerful and Youthful God. The Name Murugan means to Sovereignty, Godhood, Leadership, Beauty, Literature in Tamil Language. Tamil legacy is proud to precise Lord Murugan as Six face God who belongs to lot of Diversities. Thirumurugatrupadai is an ancient devotional Tamil Poem in Sangam Literature which is entirely dedicated to God Shiva’s son Lord Murugan. This paper is about to explains about the different manifestations and shrines of Lord Murugan, and his beauty and has a Warrior and how he is related with nature. This study follows the explanatory method and the study is about library research.

Automatic Dual Axis Solar Powered Lawn Mower for Agricultural Applications

Abstract Photovoltaic generation is becoming increasingly important as a renewable source. To overcome the incredible power crisis in the country, the best way is to make use of the renewable energy sources such as solar energy. In this proposed system, solar energy is used and in order to achieve maximum power from the solar panel, dual-axis tracking with the help of photoresistors is implemented in the panel tracking mechanism. The tracking mechanism is fixed in an automated robot system, which governs the movement and other control using Arduino and a user interface through the Internet. The various add-ons used in Arduino are ultrasonic sensor, camera sensor, Wi-Fi module, photoresistors sensors, etc. The robot mechanism controls the movement of the entire system through Wi-Fi signals, which are sent through the Internet from the user interface. Arduino receives these signals and the instructions are executed as given by the user through the interface. A main blade is fixed at the bottom of the chassis to trim the grass. The robot also has a pair of high-speed motors with blades in the front to trim overgrown grass and for agricultural purposes to remove the remaining crops after the harvest is done. This automation reduces labor and promotes the use of renewable energy in our environment. Keywords: Arduino, dual axis tracking, obstacles, solar panel, Wi-Fi module Cite this Article Gomatheesh Lingam V, Praveen Kumar E, Karthick S. Automatic dual axis solar powered lawn mower for agricultural applications. Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications . 2018; 5(2): 17–21p.

V. V. S. Sarma (1944–2018)

Professor Vallury Visweswara Subrahmanya Sarma, an extraordinary teacher and researcher, passed away on 13 January 2018 at his home in Bengaluru.

Parenting Bagi Anggota Persit Kartika Chandra Kirana dalam Mendukung Program Pendidikan Keluarga

Children are a budding nation that will continue the ideals of the Indonesian nation, so the education of children in the family is important, in order to create quality for future generations. Parenting in the home can affect the development and growth of children, so the family to be the beginning of character education for children. Housing Complex Environmental Transport Department of Military Region (Hubdam) III Regional Military Command (KODAM) Siliwangi potentially give birth to children of noble character and intelligent. But so far there are still many children who fail to thrive well, especially in the social aspects of emotional. This is the impact of the lack of family-based education. Therefore parenting program aims to improve the quality of family communication at home, is also able to provide knowledge for all members of the Union of Soldiers Wife Kartika Chandra Kirana (PERSIT) in HUBDAM III / Siliwangi to further improve the education of the best character of the house.

Lord Murugan and Odin: A Comparative Study

According to Tamils, the worship of Lord Muruga is a dominant one. The ancient Tamil culture put Muruga along with the geographical classification called Kurunji. The worship of Skanda in the Vedas and adoring Muruga by Tamil people later was placed on par in the culture of Tamils. In the same way, much before Christianity, in Germany, the worship of God Odin was in practice. This God was said to be proficient in war, curing diseases and wisdom. A deep probe into the similarities between Lord Muruga and Odin shows that these two share many features in common. Apart from the comparison of the two deities, the Godliness of the two is self-evident. This Paper deals with the two Gods in terms of their origin, feature, credentials and the similarities. Key words: Muruga, Odin, Tamil Tradition, German Gods, Saivism, Kurunji, Vedas. ஆயவுச சுருககம: தமிழரகளைப பொருதத வரையில முருக வழிபாடு தனிததுவம உடையது. பழநதமிழரகள முருகனைக குறிஞசி நிலக கடவுளாகப போறறினர. பிறகாலததில வேதததில குறிபபிடபபடட ஸகநதன வழிபாடும தமிழரின முருக வழிபாடும ஒனறாககபபடடு இனறு இநதுககளிடையே நிலவி வருகினற முருக வழிபாடாக நிலைபெறறுளளது. முருகனைப போலவே ஜெரமானிய மககளால கிருததுவ மதம தோனறுவதறகு முனனர இவரகளிடததில ஓடின எனும தெயவ வழிபாடு இருநதிருககினறது. இவர போரககடவுளாகவும, நோய தரககும கடவுளாகவும, ஞானததின கடவுளாகவும இமமககளால துதிககபபடடு வநதிருககிறார. இவவிரு தெயவஙகளும வெவவேறு கணடததில வெவவேறு சமூகததினரால போறறபபடடு வநத போதிலும, முருகன ஓடின ஆகிய தெயவஙகளுககிடையே பல வெளிபபடையான ஒறறுமைகள நிலவுவதை அறிய முடிகினறது. ஆயினும முருகன பரமபொருள, ஓடின அவவாறு அலலாமல ஒரு பெரும தெயவம எனும நிலையில வைதது மடடுமே வைததுப பாரககபபடுபவர எனபதுவே இவவாயவின முடிநத முடிவாக வைககபபடுகினறது. குறிபபுச சொறகள: முருகன, ஓடின, தமிழர பாரமபரியம, ஜெரமானியக கடவுளர, சைவம, குறிஞசி, வேதம.

印度產野牡丹科羊角扭屬一新種植物：Memecylon Agastyamalaianum

Memecylon agastyamalaianum Santhosh, Raju & Shanavas, a new species of Melastomataceae from India, is described and illustrated. This new species is allied to M manickamii C. Murugan, Sundaresan et Jothi.

Humoral Transactions in Two Tamil Cults: Murukan and Mariyamman

Hindouisme. Murukan, fils de Siva, est comme la deesse Mariyamman le sujet d'un culte populaire qui se manifeste principalement par le pelerinage a leurs temples respectifs dans la ville de Palani, district de Madurai. L'A. etudie le caractere essentiel de ce culte : il s'agit de regler les humeurs (au sens physique) des deux divinites dont les crises menacent l'equilibre cosmique et humain

The Many Faces of Murukan: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God

The Many Faces of Murukan: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God

C. S. Ayyar (ed.): 120 kritis of Šrī Tyāgarāja: text and notation in Devanāgarī script with gamaka signs. [iv], vii, xi, [234] pp., 2 plates. [Madras: C. Subrahmanya Ayyar, 1959.] Rs. 12.

C. S. Ayyar (ed.): 120 kritis of Šrī Tyāgarāja: text and notation in Devanāgarī script with gamaka signs. [iv], vii, xi, [234] pp., 2 plates. [Madras: C. Subrahmanya Ayyar, 1959.] Rs. 12.