Muon Pairs Research Articles

Testing the electron tagging system of the KEDR detector using muon pairs produced in photon–photon collisions

The e+e− → e+e− + μ+μ− events selected in the central part of the KEDR detector are used for testing the energy calibration of the scattered electron tagging system and estimating the efficiencies for tagging one and two scattered electrons as a function of the virtual photon energy.

Cosmological Implication of Electroweak Monopole

We estimate the remnant electroweak monopole density of the standard model in the present universe. We show that, although the electroweak phase transition is of the first order, the monopole production comes from the thermal fluctuations of the Higgs field after the phase transition, not the vacuum bubble collisions during the phase transition. Moreover, most of the monopoles produced initially are annihilated as soon as created, and this annihilation continues very long time, longer than the muon pair annihilation time. As the result the remnant monopole density at present universe becomes very small, of 10-11 of the critical density, too small to be the dark matter. We discuss the physical implications of our results on the ongoing monopole detection experiments.

Search for dark matter particle candidates produced in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for dark matter particle candidates produced in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at the total center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The search uses 36.1 inverse femtobarn of data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. Events with large missing transverse momentum and consistent with the decay of a Z boson into oppositely charged electron or muon pairs were selected in the analysis. Background estimates and corresponding systematic uncertainties are shown. Exclusion limits on the dark matter candidate and mediator masses are reported.

Measurement of qT-weighted TSAs in 2015 COMPASS Drell–Yan data

In the polarised Drell–Yan experiment at the COMPASS facility at CERN the beam of negatively-charged pions with 190GeV/c momentum and intensity about 108 pions/s interacted with transversely polarised NH3 target. Muon pairs produced in Drell–Yan process (DY) were detected. Recently, the first ever Transverse Spin Asymmetries (TSAs) measurement in DY has been presented by COMPASS. A complementary analysis of the TSAs weighted by powers of the dimuon transverse momentum qT are presented. In the Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) PDF formalism, the qT-weighted TSAs can be written in terms of products of the TMD PDFs of two colliding hadrons, unlike the conventional TSAs, which are their convolutions over quarks transverse momenta. The results are compared in a straightforward way with the weighted Sivers asymmetry in the SIDIS process, released by COMPASS in 2016.

Search for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson produced in association with bottom quarks in pp collisions at sqrt{s}=8 TeV

A search for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson (A) produced in association with bottom quarks and decaying into a muon pair is reported. The search uses 19.7 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment. No signal is observed in the dimuon mass range from 25 to 60 GeV. Upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction, sigma left(mathrm{pp}to mathrm{b}overline{mathrm{b}}mathrm{A}right)mathrm{mathcal{B}}left(mathrm{A}to mu mu right) , are set.

Simultaneous production of lepton pairs in ultraperipheral relativistic heavy ion collisions

We calculate the total cross sections and probabilities of electromagnetic productions of electron, muon and tauon pair productions simultaneously. At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the available electromagnetic energy is sufficient to produce all kind of leptons coherently. The masses of muon and tauon are large, so their Compton wavelengths are small enough to interact with the colliding nuclei. Therefore, the realistic nuclear form factors are included in the calculations of electromagnetic pair productions. The cross section calculations show that, at the LHC energies, the probabilities of simultaneous productions of all kind of leptons are increased significantly compare to the RHIC energies. Experimentally, observing this simultaneous production can give us important informations about the strong QED.

Searches for the Z\u03b3 decay mode of the Higgs boson and for new high-mass resonances in pp collisions at sqrt{s}=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This article presents searches for the Zγ decay of the Higgs boson and for narrow high-mass resonances decaying to Zγ, exploiting Z boson decays to pairs of electrons or muons. The data analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of pp collisions at sqrt{s}=13 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data are found to be consistent with the expected Standard Model background. The observed (expected — assuming Standard Model pp → H → Zγ production and decay) upper limit on the production cross section times the branching ratio for pp → H → Zγ is 6.6. (5.2) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% confidence level for a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. In addition, upper limits are set on the production cross section times the branching ratio as a function of the mass of a narrow resonance between 250 GeV and 2.4 TeV, assuming spin-0 resonances produced via gluon-gluon fusion, and spin-2 resonances produced via gluon-gluon or quark-antiquark initial states. For high-mass spin-0 resonances, the observed (expected) limits vary between 88 fb (61 fb) and 2.8 fb (2.7 fb) for the mass range from 250 GeV to 2.4 TeV at the 95% confidence level.

Phenomenological study of $$Z'$$ Z ′ in the minimal $$B-L$$ B - L model at LHC

The phenomenological study of neutral heavy gauge boson ($Z^{\prime}_{B-L}$) of the minimal B-L extension was done on the dimuon production channel of the LHC. The study begins with the LEP-II constraints on $Z'$ searches, and the dimuon events are simulated at the parton level at the CM energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV and studied with an integrated luminosity of 1.21 $fb^{-1}$ and 20.5 $fb^{-1}$ respectively. Later, the ATLAS detector-specific cuts unique to the Muon Pairs are imposed followed by the signal-selection-cuts on the Invariant Mass of the dimuon which restrict the events that are to be passed for Signal-Background Analysis, that are finally compared with the ATLAS data, and accounted for no experimental detection of $Z^{\prime}_{B-L}$ boson. It has been simulated further at the CM energy of 14 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 300 $fb^{-1}$ to predict a possible discovery of this B-L neutral-heavy gauge boson with a mass corresponding to 1.5 TeV and a $Z'$ coupling strength of 0.2 based on the signal-background analysis.

Results from the CMS collaboration on the search of heavy dilepton and diphoton resonances

A survey of the results on the search of new heavy resonances decaying into muon, electron, or photon pairs in the CMS experiment at proton beams of the LHC in the run of 2015 for the total center of mass energy √s = 13 TeV is presented. The limits for heavy resonance production cross sections are set. Excess of diphoton events in the region of mass spectra near 750 GeV with a local statistical significance of 3.4 σ and a global statistical significance of 1.6 σ is observed.

Studies of Z\u03b3 production in association with a high-mass dijet system in pp collisions at sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a Z boson and a photon in association with a high-mass dijet system is studied using 20.2 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt{s}=8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider. Final states with a photon and a Z boson decaying into a pair of either electrons, muons, or neutrinos are analysed. Electroweak and total pp → Zγjj cross-sections are extracted in two fiducial regions with different sensitivities to electroweak production processes. Quartic couplings of vector bosons are studied in regions of phase space with an enhanced contribution from pure electroweak production, sensitive to vector-boson scattering processes VV → Zγ. No deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed and constraints are placed on anomalous couplings parameterized by higher-dimensional operators using effective field theory.

A search for beyond the Standard Model physics using a final state with light and boosted muon pairs at the CMS experiment

A search for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) is performed using a final state with multi-muons and collision data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The topology under study considers events with pairs of oppositely charged muons (dimuons) with a low invariant mass and a common origin. This selection offers an extremely low contribution from SM processes and fits into several beyond the SM signatures. Results are interpreted in a model-independent fashion and in the context of two scenarios: Supersymmetry including “dark” sectors (dark-SUSY) and Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). Both scenarios postulate a non-SM decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of new light bosons which subsequently decay to a pair of muons. In the case of the dark-SUSY scenario, the hypothetical production of dark photons could give an insight on the origin of dark matter.

Weak currents in nondiagonal leptonic processes

Nondiagonal leptonic processes are studied on the basis of neutral (NC) and charged (CC) weak current interactions. NC and CC descriptions of recoil electron spectra upon the elastic scattering of neutral (anti)leptons, including arbitrary vector and axial-vector current constants that can be real and complex or purely imaginary, are presented. Based on the NC description, the spectrum of muons originating upon the inelastic scattering of a muonic neutrino by a polarized target electron, the total cross section of this process and neutron conversion of an electron–muon pair, as well as the charged and neutral components of the electron spectrum emitted in muon decay are obtained. The possibility of forbidden nondiagonal neutral electron–muon currents emerging in these processes is analyzed.

Measurement of the differential inclusive B+ hadron cross sections in pp collisions at [formula omitted

The differential cross sections for inclusive production of B+ hadrons are measured as a function of the B+ transverse momentum pTB and rapidity yB in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 48.1 pb−1. The measurement uses the exclusive decay channel B+→J/ψK+, with J/ψ mesons that decay to a pair of muons. The results show a reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations within the uncertainties.

Measurement of the cross section for electroweak production of Zγ in association with two jets and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in proton–proton collisions at [formula omitted

A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak production of a Z boson and a photon in association with two jets in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV. The Z bosons are identified through their decays to electron or muon pairs. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The electroweak contribution has a significance of 3.0 standard deviations, and the measured fiducial cross section is 1.86−0.75+0.90(stat)−0.26+0.34(syst)±0.05(lumi) fb, while the summed electroweak and quantum chromodynamic total cross section in the same region is observed to be 5.94−1.35+1.53(stat)−0.37+0.43(syst)±0.13(lumi) fb. Both measurements are consistent with the leading-order standard model predictions. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are set based on the Zγ mass distribution.

Dimuon production in Pb-Pb collisions at 20-160 AGeV at the CERN SPS: Mapping the QCD phase diagram in the transition region with a new experiment

In this paper new ideas to experimentally investigate the issues of chiral symmetry restoration and the first order phase transition in the region of moderate-large baryon density of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter are presented. The experimental strategy to address these points is to use a new fixed-target experiment at the CERN SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) dedicated to the measurement of the production of muon pairs with unprecedented precision. Dileptons offer the possibility to measure temperature to obtain a caloric curve and to probe chiral symmetry restoration by studying for the first time the mass modifications in a simultaneous measurement of the vector meson ρ and its axial vector partner a1.

Relative Modification of Prompt ψ(2S) and J/ψ Yields from pp to PbPb Collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

The relative modification of the prompt psi(2S) and J/psi yields from pp to PbPb collisions, at the center of mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair, is presented. The analysis is based on pp and PbPb data samples collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2015, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 28.0 inverse picobarns and 464 inverse microbarns, respectively. The double ratio of measured yields of prompt charmonia reconstructed through their decays into muon pairs, (N[psi(2S)]/N[J/psi])[PbPb] / (N[psi(2S)]/N[J/psi])[pp], is determined as a function of PbPb collision centrality and charmonium transverse momentum pt, in two kinematic intervals: abs(y) < 1.6 covering 6.5 < pt < 30 GeV/c and 1.6 < abs(y) < 2.4 covering 3 < pt < 30 GeV/c. The centrality-integrated double ratios are 0.36 +/- 0.08 (stat) +/-0.05 (syst) in the first interval and 0.24 +/- 0.22 (stat) +/- 0.09 (syst) in the second. The double ratio is lower than unity in all the measured bins, suggesting that the psi(2S) yield is more suppressed than the J/psi yield in the explored phase space.

Suppression of ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) quarkonium states in PbPb collisions at [formula omitted

The production yields of ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) quarkonium states are measured through their decays into muon pairs in the CMS detector, in PbPb and pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 166μb−1 and 5.4pb−1 for PbPb and pp collisions, respectively. Differential production cross sections are reported as functions of ϒ rapidity y up to 2.4, and transverse momentum pT up to 20GeV/c. A strong centrality-dependent suppression is observed in PbPb relative to pp collisions, by factors of up to ≈2 and 8, for the ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) states, respectively. No significant dependence of this suppression is observed as a function of y or pT. The ϒ(3S) state is not observed in PbPb collisions, which corresponds to a suppression for the centrality-integrated data by at least a factor of ≈7 at a 95% confidence level. The observed suppression is in agreement with theoretical scenarios modeling the sequential melting of quarkonium states in a quark gluon plasma.

Neutrino production in electromagnetic cascades: An extra component of cosmogenic neutrino at ultrahigh energies

Muon pairs can be produced in the annihilation of ultra-high energy (UHE, $E \gtrsim 10^{18} \,\mathrm{eV}$) photons with low energy cosmic background radiation in the intergalactic space, giving birth to neutrinos. Although the branching ratio of muon pair production is low, products of other channels, which are mainly electron/positron pairs, will probably transfer most of their energies into the new generated UHE photon in the subsequent interaction with the cosmic background radiation via Compton scattering in deep Klein-Nishina regime. The regeneration of these new UHE photons then provides a second chance to produce the muon pairs, enhancing the neutrino flux. We investigate the neutrino production in the propagation of UHE photons in the intergalactic space at different redshifts, considering various competing processes such as pair production, double pair production for UHE photons, and triplet production and synchrotron radiation for UHE electrons. Regarding the least energetic outgoing particles as energy loss, we obtain the effective penetration length of the leading particle, as well as energy loss rate including the neutrino emission rate in the cascade process. Finally, we find that an extra component of UHE neutrinos will arise from the propagation of UHE cosmic rays due to the generated UHE photons and electron/positrons. However, the flux of this component is quite small, with a flux of at most $10\%$ of that of the conventional cosmogenic neutrino at a few EeV, in the absence of a strong intergalactic magnetic field and a strong cosmic radio background. The precise contribution of extra component depends on several factors, e.g., cosmic radio background, intergalactic magnetic field, the spectrum of proton, which will be discussed in this work.

Search for new phenomena in events containing a same-flavour opposite-sign dilepton pair, jets, and large missing transverse momentum in varvec{sqrt{s}=13}\xa0text {TeV}varvec{pp} collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two searches for new phenomena in final states containing a same-flavour opposite-sign lepton (electron or muon) pair, jets, and large missing transverse momentum are presented. These searches make use of proton–proton collision data, collected during 2015 and 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt{s}=13 text {TeV} by the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider, which correspond to an integrated luminosity of 14.7~mathrm {fb}^{-1}. Both searches target the pair production of supersymmetric particles, squarks or gluinos, which decay to final states containing a same-flavour opposite-sign lepton pair via one of two mechanisms: a leptonically decaying Z boson in the final state, leading to a peak in the dilepton invariant-mass distribution around the Z boson mass; and decays of neutralinos (e.g. tilde{chi }_2^0 rightarrow ell ^+ell ^- tilde{chi }_1^0), yielding a kinematic endpoint in the dilepton invariant-mass spectrum. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectation. Results are interpreted in simplified models of gluino-pair (squark-pair) production, and provide sensitivity to gluinos (squarks) with masses as large as 1.70 text {TeV} (980 text {GeV}).

AMS-02 positron excess and indirect detection of three-body decaying dark matter

We consider indirect detection of meta-stable dark matter particles decaying into a stable neutral particle and a pair of standard model fermions. Due to the softer energy spectra from the three-body decay, such models could potentially explain the AMS-02 positron excess without being constrained by the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data and the cosmic ray anti-proton measurements. We scrutinize over different final state fermions, paying special attention to handling of the cosmic ray background and including various contributions from cosmic ray propagation with the help of the LIKEDM package. It is found that primary decays into an electron-positron pair and a stable neutral particle could give rise to the AMS-02 positron excess and, at the same time, stay unscathed against the gamma-ray and anti-proton constraints. Decays to a muon pair or a mixed flavor electron-muon pair may also be viable depending on the propagation models. Decays to all other standard model fermions are severely disfavored.