AbstractA relationship between assessed color differences and assessed components of colors is presented. The perceptual difference between colors j and k is converted to a lightness difference of two Munsell grays, VA and VB, and djk = |VA − VB|. Scaled values of principal hue components of a color ξα(H|V/C), α = R, Y, G, and B, are read from charts based on assessments of observers. Previous charts (Color Research and Application, 1999, 24, 266–279) are enlarged and extended. A linear combination of ΔV = |Vj − Vk| and Δξα = |ξα(Hj|Vj/Cj) − ξα(Hk|Vk /Ck)|, d̃jk, is the best to predict djk. The root‐mean‐squares of (djk − d̃jk) is 0.34 V, about one third of the lightness difference from V to V + 1 on the Munsell Value Scale.