Municipality In Southern Brazil Research Articles

Hyperuricemia is associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels and excess weight in schoolchildren

ObjectiveTo evaluate the possible association between hyperuricemia and cardiorespiratory fitness levels/nutritional profile, grouped into a single variable, in schoolchildren. MethodCross‐sectional study of 2335 students from Elementary schools, aged 7–17 years of both genders, stratified by conglomerates of a municipality in Southern Brazil. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed by the 6‐minute run/walk test. The BMI and CRF were grouped into a single variable, considering: (1) low and normal weight/fit; (2) low and normal weight/unfit; (3) overweight‐obesity/fit; (4) overweight‐obesity/unfit. The Poisson regression (prevalence ratio, PR) was used for the association between hyperuricemia and BMI/CRF ratio with 95% confidence intervals and differences were considered significant when p<0.05. ResultsThere is an association, although subtle, between the presence of hyperuricemia with low levels of CRF and the presence of excess weight, when grouped into a single variable. Boys and girls with this condition have higher prevalence of hyperuricemia (PR: 1.07; p=0.007 for boys; PR: 1.10; p<0.001 for girls). ConclusionTogether, excess weight and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with the presence of hyperuricemia in schoolchildren.

The partnership between the Brazilian School Feeding Program and family farming: a way for reducing ultra-processed foods in school meals.

To evaluate the profile of food acquisition in the National School Feeding Program according to the extent and purpose of food processing in three municipalities of southern Brazil during the implementation period of Law 11.947/2009. Descriptive cross-sectional study. Data for 2008-2010 involved quantities, prices and types of suppliers for food items purchased. In total, 1529 purchases were analysed. The items were classified into the following groups: G1 (unprocessed/minimally processed), G2 (culinary ingredients), G3 (processed), G4 (ultra-processed). Quantities of purchased foods were converted into energy and average prices ($US/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) were calculated. The proportion of each food group in total purchases was expressed as both a percentage of total energy and a percentage of total expenditure. Data analysis was carried out in Stata version 12.1. Three municipalities in southern Brazil. Relative contribution to total energy purchased was high for G1 (49·8 %; G2, 23·8 %; G3, 4·5 %; G4, 21·8 %). Among acquisitions from family farming, G1 represented 51·3 % of the total energy purchased; G2, 9·9 %; G3, 19·7 %; G4, 19·0 %. Total cost was as follows: G1, 61·6 %; G2, 3·9 %; G3, 18·5 %; G4, 16·0 %. Prices for food products from family farms were consistently higher. Average price from family farms was 1·3; from conventional suppliers, 0·9. The implementation of Law 11.947/2009 produced a positive effect on the regional profile of food purchases for the School Feeding Program. However, there is still considerable potential to promote health by strengthening relationships between family farming and school feeding.

&lt;b&gt;Risk assessment of ulcer development by pressure in elderly institutionalized in Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the risk of developing pressure ulcers (PU) and related factors in elderly residents in LTI of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil. The method applied was a cross-sectional study with elderly residents in a long-term institution (LTI) in Brazil, using sociodemographic questionnaire, health conditions questionnaire and Braden Scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that most seniors had some degree of risk (57.2%) to develop PU, but no elderly presented the condition. Among the elderly at risk for PU, 54.5% of them rate their health as good, 46.7% participate in activities and 52.6% are satisfied with the institution. Conclusions: The absence of PU and positive evaluations of the elderly may be a result of the care offered by the LTI. The Braden Scale is an instrument that enables the planning and implementation of actions to improve the health of institutionalized elderly.

Hyperuricemia is associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels and excess weight in schoolchildren

ObjectiveTo evaluate the possible association between hyperuricemia and cardiorespiratory fitness levels/nutritional profile, grouped into a single variable, in schoolchildren. MethodCross-sectional study of 2335 students from Elementary schools, aged 7–17 years of both genders, stratified by conglomerates of a municipality in Southern Brazil. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed by the 6-minute run/walk test. The BMI and CRF were grouped into a single variable, considering: (1) low and normal weight/fit; (2) low and normal weight/unfit; (3) overweight-obesity/fit; (4) overweight-obesity/unfit. The Poisson regression (prevalence ratio, PR) was used for the association between hyperuricemia and BMI/CRF ratio with 95% confidence intervals and differences were considered significant when p<0.05. ResultsThere is an association, although subtle, between the presence of hyperuricemia with low levels of CRF and the presence of excess weight, when grouped into a single variable. Boys and girls with this condition have higher prevalence of hyperuricemia (PR: 1.07; p=0.007 for boys; PR: 1.10; p<0.001 for girls). ConclusionTogether, excess weight and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with the presence of hyperuricemia in schoolchildren.

Poor Relationships and Physical Violence at School Are Associated With More Forms of Psychological Violence Among Brazilian Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Our purpose was to identify individual and work-related factors that are associated with psychological violence (PV) and are related to a higher number of PV forms among teachers. This cross-sectional study included 789 elementary and high school teachers in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data were obtained through interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. PV was characterized by reports of insults from students, humiliation by colleagues or teachers, and threats in the 12 months preceding the study. Factors associated with the number of PV forms were also investigated. Poisson regression models were used for the analyses. More than half (64.1%) of the teachers reported at least one event of PV, 38.3% reported only one form, 21.5% reported two forms, and 4.3% reported all three surveyed forms. After adjustments, poor relationships with superiors or students and having suffered physical violence at school remained associated with at least one PV episode. The same variables were associated with the number of forms of PV, as were age (inverse relationship) and violence outside of school. The higher the number of aggregated factors, the more estimated forms of PV, particularly among the younger teachers. These results highlight the importance of adopting strategies that promote a nonviolent and safe school environment for teachers, which will in turn improve work conditions, the quality of education, and teachers' health.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women farmers concerning tobacco agriculture in a municipality in Southern Brazil.

The study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women farmers working in tobacco production concerning the social, environmental, and health impacts of this economic activity. Focus groups were used in this qualitative study, and themes were explored until reaching saturation. The study was conducted in a municipality (county) in southern Brazil in 2013 and included 64 women farmers. The discussions revealed participants' familiarity with health problems associated with workloads in tobacco production: green tobacco sickness, pesticide poisoning, musculoskeletal disorders, and others. The discussions also revealed a concern with the negative impacts of tobacco agriculture on the environment. They also revealed apprehension concerning decisions on switching to alternatives for sustainable agricultural production, emphasizing that on-going and systematic government support would be necessary for such a transition. Women farmers identified various factors that contribute to the persistence of tobacco farming: small holdings for cultivation, lack of guarantees for marketing crops, and indebtedness to tobacco companies. The study showed that an integrated approach is needed to deal with tobacco farmers' problems, considering a balance between farmers' beliefs and government decisions. This approach, in keeping with the recommendations of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, may help strengthen policies and measures to promote health and sustainable local development.

GESTÃO INTEGRADA DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS: PERSPECTIVAS E DESAFIOS

A gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) justifica-se devido à situação de esgotamento e comprometimento de recursos naturais, dos problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos de disposição final. A deficiência dos serviços de gestão de RSU tem gerado impactos negativos nas condições de vida e de bem-estar da população. Constatando os impactos ambientais que os RSU podem causar e a precariedade da situação atual em vários municípios brasileiros, alternativas são necessárias visando a melhoria da sua gestão, ao aumentar a eficiência e reduzir seus custos, colaborando com a preservação do meio ambiente. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as principais tecnologias de gestão, valorização, tratamento e/ou disposição dos RSU utilizadas no Brasil e apontar alguns municípios do Sul do Brasil com modelos de gestão eficazes. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as principais vantagens e desvantagens das tecnologias, abordando uma conceituação, características do processo e aspectos econômicos. Também foram pesquisados artigos sobre o tema e municípios com modelos de gestão eficazes na região Sul. Conclui-se que os municípios são propulsores do desenvolvimento socioeconômico e devem adotar as diretrizes aprovadas como forma de implementar suas ações nessa área, sendo a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos um instrumento norteador.

O ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA E A INCIDÊNCIA DE POBREZA NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE PEQUENO PORTE DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL

A interferência das condições sociais no rendimento escolar não é novidade para a ciência. O que motiva esta investigação é a insuficiência de estudos quantitativos com os dados disponibilizados pelo IBGE e INEP referentes à educação e às condições sociais da população brasileira como ferramentas de planejamento da gestão pública. O objetivo foi analisar em que medida e intensidade as condições sociais interferem no rendimento escolar. Para tanto foi utilizado regressão linear entre as variáveis: Incidência de Pobreza e Valor médio de IDEB para municípios com menos de 10 mil habitantes e que apresentam ambas as variáveis na Região Sul do Brasil. Como resultado, os valores indicam que há uma relação inversamente proporcional, demonstrando que, conforme aumentam os valores da Incidência de Pobreza, diminuem os valores Médios do IDEB. Outro aspecto revelado na pesquisa é a diferença entre os resultados da Região Sul e da análise de cada Unidade Federativa que compõem a Região em separado, indicando fragilidade das análises estatísticas de grande proporção.

Prevalence of back pain among high school students in a municipality in southern Brazil

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of back pain in adolescent girls, and determine whether this pain is associated with socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, and behavioral factors. Methods: This was an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 495 female high school students, aged 14 to 18 years, in the municipality of São Leopoldo in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire with closed, standardized, coded, and tested questions. Bivariate analysis included the chi-square test (x2) and calculation of prevalence ratios (α&lt;0.05). Results: The prevalence of back pain was 75.2%. The thoracic-lumbar (30.4%) and lumbar (27.7%) regions of the spine were most affected. Among the students with pain, 60.5% reported the severity of their pain to be moderate to severe, and 21.2% reported that the pain prevented them from performing activities of daily living. Regarding associated factors, the pain was more prevalent in overweight/obese students (RP = 1.246, 95% CI: 1.137 to 1.366), who reported carrying a heavy school backpack/bag (PR = 1.187, 95% CI: 1.073 to 1.314) and those who had incorrect posture when picking up objects from the floor (PR = 1.138, 95% CI: 1.031 to 1.256). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of back pain associated with body mass index, reported weight of the student's school backpack/bag, and posture when picking up objects from the floor.

A Lei de Acesso à Informação como instrumento de controle social: diagnóstico dos municípios do sul do Brasil à luz do artigo 8º da lei 12527/2011

This study aims to identify the percentage of municipalities in southern Brazil that disclose the information required by art. 8 of the Access to Information Act in their websites. Regarding the purpose, this research can be classified as descriptive of deductive logic , qualitative approach , supported by literature and documents, and carried out through consultations to electronic sites of 216 municipalities. From the collected data, it is concluded that, in general, municipalities in southern Brazil, with a population of more than 10 thousand inhabitants, partly meet the requirements set out in art . 8 of LAI . From these results, it is expected that citizens can demand from the government an increase in the quality of the information disclosed to the public interest, thus exerting social control and contributing to the improvement of public administration and inhibition of corruption.

Public Governance: Factors of Disclosure from the Municipalities of Southern Brazil

Governance could be ‘good’ “when a State efficiently provides public goods of necessary quality to its citizens” (ONU, 2007). Public governance is guided by principles like transparency; that means disclosure information of public resources management. Considering this perspective, this study investigates the explanatory factors of the level of disclosure of the most populous municipalities in southern Brazil on their webpages published on the Internet. For such, we constructed a set of 86 indicators representing information, which were used to measure the level of disclosure of 100 among 101 cities with over 50,000 inhabitants in southern Brazil. The econometric analysis of the evidence indicates that the partisan affiliation of mayors, the level of revenues of municipalities and socioeconomic factors explain the level of disclosure of information about municipal management. Thus, the municipalities with high socioeconomic and collection indices have greater willingness to show public information, while municipalities where mayors are affiliated with the political party PSDB statistically have a tendency to show less information indicators examined in this study, compared to the other parties that make up this study sample.

Challenges for physical therapist's inclusion in primary care: the administrators' perspective

Objective Study aimed to identify how physical therapists are included in primary care (PC), the perspectives of health managers, and the role that the inclusion of this professional in the health team plays. Methods Qualitative study involving health secretaries of 22 municipalities in southern Brazil. Results 45 physiotherapists in the region were included in PC. One of these was in the Family Health Strategy (FHS), and two were in the Nuclei of Support to Family Health (NSFH). 13 administrators cited the physiotherapists as professionals solely for rehabilitation; others think that they have formation at a technical level. However, in municipalities that have included the professionals in the FHS / NSFH, they were identified as important members of the team. Among the difficulties of inclusion, the lack of financial resources for hiring was the most commonly reported factor. Discussion There is a limited understanding from health managers regarding the role of physiotherapists in PC, especially from the majority who do not have access to this professional in their family health teams. This is because the lack of prioritization in the allocation of budget funds is not conducive to the effective inclusion of professionals who are not considered by the law as part of the minimum team. The insertion of the physiotherapist PC is further limited; a magnification of the look of the managers of the possibilities of action of this professional is required, including as a health promoter.

Treatment and Follow-up of Human Papillomavirus Infected Women in a Municipality in Southern Brazil.

This study aimed toanalyze the risk behavior for cervical cancer (CC) and the human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and resolution among women who received care through the private healthcare network of a municipality in southern Brazil. This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted with 25 women aged 20 to 59 years who received care through the private healthcare network and were treated at a specialty clinic in the period from January to December 2012 in a municipality in Northwest Parana, Southern Brazil. Data from medical records with cytological and HPV results were used. Following treatment, these women were followed-up and reassessed after 6 months. Data were statistically analyzed using the t-test and chi-squared test at a 5% significance level. The mean age of the studied women was 27.8±7.75 years old, and the majority were married, with paid employment and were non-smokers. The mean age at menarche was 13.0±0.50 years old, and the mean age at first intercourse was 17.5±1.78 years, with only 8.0% (2) initiating sexual activity at an age ≤15 years old. The majority had 1 to 2 children (60.0%), while 88.0% reported having had one sexual partner in their lifetime, and all the women were sexually active. A total of 68.0% used a hormonal contraceptive method. All the women had leukorrhea and pain and were infected by a single HPV type. Regarding the lesion grade, 80.0% showed high risk and 20.0% low risk. The most prevalent high-risk HPV strain was 16. These findings provide relevant information on HPV risk factors and infection, as well as the treatment and 6-month follow-up results, in economically and socially advantaged women with no traditional risk factors, corroborating previous reports that different risk factors may be described in different populations. Thus, this study reinforces the fact that even women without the traditional risk factors should undergo HPVmonitoring and assessment to determine the persistence of infection, promoting early diagnosis of the lesions presented and appropriate treatment to thus prevent the occurrence of CC.

Primary Health Care from the perception of women living in a rural area

Understanding the perception of women living in a rural area about the actions and services of Primary Health Care (PHC) in a municipality of southern Brazil, which is the only one regarded as predominantly rural. A descriptive study of qualitative approach, carried out with women who lived in the countryside and required health services in the 15 days prior to collection. The results registered low fidelity to PHC attributes, focusing its functional axis on sickness, transforming the unit into small points of emergency care and a bureaucratic place where patients are referred to other types of services. The quality of service offered is compromised to offering quick, fragmented and unequal treatment in the rural context. The findings of this study highlight the need for greater efforts in order to adequate the new care model in the development of appropriate actions as designated by PHC in the rural context studied.

MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY DUE TO AIDS: A STUDY OF BURDEN OF DISEASE AT A MUNICIPAL LEVEL.

Introduction: The purpose of measuring the burden of disease involves aggregating morbidity and mortality components into a single indicator, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), to measure how much and how people live and suffer the impact of a disease. Objective: To estimate the global burden of disease due to AIDS in a municipality of southern Brazil. Methods: An ecological study was conducted in 2009 to examine the incidence and AIDS-related deaths among the population residing in the city of Tubarao, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Data from the Mortality Information System in the National Health System was used to calculate the years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality. The calculation was based on the difference between a standardized life expectancy and age at death, with a discount rate of 3% per year. Data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases were used to calculate the years lived with disability (YLD). The DALY was estimated by the sum of YLL and YLD. Indicator rates were estimated per 100,000 inhabitants, distributed by age and gender. Results: A total of 131 records were examined, and a 572.5 DALYs were estimated, which generated a rate of 593.1 DALYs/100,000 inhabitants. The rate among men amounted to 780.7 DALYs/100,000, whereas among women the rate was 417.1 DALYs/100,000. The most affected age groups were 30-44 years for men and 60-69 years for women. Conclusion: The burden of disease due to AIDS in the city of Tubarao was relatively high when considering the global trend. The mortality component accounted for more than 90% of the burden of disease.

&lt;b&gt;Tuberculosis in primary health care: identifying priority cases in a municipality in southern Brazil

The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of a Typical Primary Health Care Unit (TPHCU) and Family Health Unit (FHU) in the cases of TB detection and verify the capacity of health services for respiratory symptomatic (RS) care according to two types of organization. The study was carried out in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, from April to August 2012. Two hundred and seventy-six health professionals from 51municipal units of Primary Health Care (PHC) participated in the study; they answered a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequencies and multiple correspondence analyses. The FHU was associated with: professionals qualified to identify the RS, availability of container for sputum collection and request forms for baciloscopy; clinical evaluation and request for baciloscopy; collective actions in the community. The TPHCU was connected with: professionals out of date for clinical practices and tests and uncertainty in identifying RS; lack of container to collect sputum and request form for baciloscopy; professionals who did not perform clinical evaluation and did not request baciloscopy. Therefore, the detection of TB cases in primary health care center, especially in the TPHCU, was poor in structuring and developing actions to detect cases of the disease in the city.

2010 A(H1N1) vaccination in pregnant women in Brazil: identifying coverage and associated factors.

We studied vaccination coverage and its associated factors in the 2010 pandemic influenza vaccination of Brazilian pregnant women. A cross-sectional study of pregnant women who had given birth was performed in a municipality in southern Brazil, in 2010. Data about vaccination against A(H1N1) and sociodemographic characteristics, morbidities and prenatal care were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using a Poisson regression. Coverage was 77.4%. Most were vaccinated in the public sector (97.6%) and in the second trimester (47%). Associated factors that increased vaccination were marriage, older age, first income quartile, prenatal care and influenza before pregnancy. Education and skin color were not significantly associated with vaccination. The vaccination campaign was extensive and exhibited no inequality. Prenatal care was the factor that most affected vaccination coverage, reflecting its importance for vaccination campaign success.

Factors associated with lack of prenatal care in a large municipality.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors associated with a lack of prenatal care in a large municipality in southern Brazil.METHODSIn this case-control age-matched study, 716 women were evaluated; of these, 179 did not receive prenatal care and 537 received prenatal care (controls). These women were identified using the Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Live Birth Information System) of Pelotas, RS, Southern Brazil, between 2009 and 2010. Multivariate analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (OR).RESULTSIn the final model, the variables associated with a lack of prenatal care were the level of education, particularly when it was lesser than four years [OR 4.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92;10.36], being single (OR 3.61; 95%CI 1.85;7.04), and multiparity (OR 2.89; 95%CI 1.72;4.85). The prevalence of a lack of prenatal care among administrative regions varied between 0.7% and 3.9%.CONCLUSIONSThe risk factors identified must be considered when planning actions for the inclusion of women in prenatal care by both the central management and healthcare teams. These indicated the municipal areas with greater deficits in prenatal care. The reorganization of the actions to identify women with risk factors in the community can be considered to be a starting point of this process. In addition, the integration of the activities of local programs that target the mother and child is essential to constantly identify pregnant women without prenatal care.

Anthropometric indices among schoolchildren from a municipality in Southern Brazil: a descriptive analysis using the LMS method

OBJECTIVE: To describe the percentile values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height (WHtR) of children from Colombo, Brazil, and compare them with data of children from other countries.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 2,035 children aged 6-11 years. Age- and sex-specific smoothed percentiles curves for BMI, WC and WHtR were created using the LMS method. Values of 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles from Brazilian children were compared with data from other countries.RESULTS: There was a trend of increasing BMI and WC with age in both sexes. WHtR remained constant with advancing age in boys and girls. Comparison of the growth pattern among countries showed clear differences. Southern Brazil boys and girls had elevated 90th percentile values for BMI, which was similar to German children and higher than the North American and World Health Organization percentile values. However, children from this study had intermediate values for WC and WHtR in comparison to children from other countries.CONCLUSIONS: Elevated BMI values were observed among southern Brazilian children, but WC and WHtR percentile values were lower in southern Brazilian children than in children from other countries. Interventions at different levels should be made to avoid a probable increase of nutritional disorders (especially general obesity) in the next years.

Anthropometric indices among schoolchildren from a municipality in Southern Brazil: a descriptive analysis using the LMS method

ObjectiveTo describe the percentile values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height (WHtR) of children from Colombo, Brazil, and compare them with data of children from other countries. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 2,035 children aged 6–11 years. Age- and sex-specific smoothed percentiles curves for BMI, WC and WHtR were created using the LMS method. Values of 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles from Brazilian children were compared with data from other countries. ResultsThere was a trend of increasing BMI and WC with age in both sexes. WHtR remained constant with advancing age in boys and girls. Comparison of the growth pattern among countries showed clear differences. Southern Brazil boys and girls had elevated 90th percentile values for BMI, which was similar to German children and higher than the North American and World Health Organization percentile values. However, children from this study had intermediate values for WC and WHtR in comparison to children from other countries. ConclusionsElevated BMI values were observed among southern Brazilian children, but WC and WHtR percentile values were lower in southern Brazilian children than in children from other countries. Interventions at different levels should be made to avoid a probable increase of nutritional disorders (especially general obesity) in the next years.