Municipal Territory Research Articles

La Vivienda y lo urbano en Texcoco, Estado de México. El caso del fraccionamiento “Hacienda San Javier”

Housing and the urban are two dimensions of contemporary life that are linked to the type of development desired at the municipal level. The problem with settlements in the State of Mexico is that their approval is the result of local and state decisions. In this work these issues are analyzed in the context of metropolitan areas. The objective of the work is to understand in a better way the authorization of the urban complex “Hacienda San Javier”, located in Texcoco de Mora, in the State of Mexico, where the dimensions of housing and the urban impact the municipal territory and the region; Well, although they offer alternatives for the middle class in planned housing - with permits and authorizations prior to their construction; works that generate employment, greater investment locally and improve consumption, and that help the productive chains of the economy—; They also modify ecosystems, change land use and generate a new urban-environmental-territorial ordering. The methodology used expresses deductive knowledge supported by official documents and case studies that analyze a locality; and at the same time they resort to quantitative methods to generate research that relates information and facts. The study is also complemented by conducting interviews in the “Alameda Municipal”, which enriches the qualitative research. The results indicate which agencies authorize these projects; and with data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), we know the condition of housing in Texcoco and the effect of this type of development (which contrasts with unplanned or irregular housing); Furthermore, the importance of the management of public services and their social, economic and environmental relationship that high-impact subdivisions entail in the municipal order is highlighted.

Digital Surveying for Revitalization of Finiq Municipality in Albania: Utilizing 3D Technologies for Heritage Preservation and Development

The Finiq Municipality in Albania is a rural region that is faced with a number of pressing challenges, including a declining population, isolation, and a lack of identity. These is- sues are prevalent in many rural areas of Albania and other countries and can have a substantial impact on the preservation of heritage structures and the overall development of the municipality. However, the territory possesses several potential advantages, such as its proximity to Saranda and the Albanian Riviera, the archaeological site of old Phoeniciae, and the 13th-century Orthodox monastery dedicated to St. Nicholas of Myra, as well as the qual- ity agribusiness production. Proper implementation of policies at the national, regional, and local levels could lead to a tourism-based revitalization of the area. In this framework, data plays a crucial role in project development as it forms the basis for informed decision-making and efficient planning. One of the key benefits of data is its ability to reveal patterns and trends, which can be leveraged for decision-making and improvement opportunities. In addition to demographic and sociological data, information describing the territory and human artifacts in their physical form is also essential. GIS tools are already in use and provide useful cartographic data, which effectively represents the complexity of the territory and the relationships between its various components. This data forms the founda- tion for creating advanced information systems, such as territorial digital twins, to deepen the knowledge of the territory. Integrated digital surveys, utilizing three-dimensional acquisi- tion technologies such as lase scanning and photogrammetry, can serve as a reliable source of input data for creating these knowledge tools. Point clouds offer valuable morphometric databases that are often critical for documenting not only architectural and cultural heritage but also infrastructure, modern artifacts, and larger portions of the territory. Different multis- calar approaches can be adopted to cater to the specific needs and requirements, for instance providing a detailed understanding of archaeological and monumental heritage, or the contextualization of settlements in the surrounding area. By integrating these data with GIS platforms and BIM models to create a comprehensive understanding of the municipality's territory, they can be utilized for preservation and conservation efforts, urban planning and development, and identifying potential structural issues. Additionally, the data collected through 3D survey technologies can be utilized to monitor the condition of the buildings and infrastructure, promoting better maintenance and planning, even considering the risks posed by the area, such as seismic risk. The digital data can also be used to create virtual tours and interactive models, promoting the municipality's cultural heritage and economic development. While the use of these procedures in a marginal area may initially seem disproportionate, it is not so much in relation to the subject of the survey, given the universally recognized historical and artistic value of some areas. The financial effort required to undertake such campaigns may seem substantial, but the project can be implemented in phases, integrated, and completed over time.

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The development of social entrepreneurship is a new vector in the development of small business in Russia. Social entrepreneurship plays an important role and resolves social tensions on the territory of municipalities. For the dynamic development of this sector, support measures are being formed that stimulate the development of social entrepreneurship. The paper considers the issue of tools to support social entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation

The need for renewal of the real estate cadastre on the territory of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia

The aim of this paper is to perform ranking of five cadastral municipalities in the territory of the administrative municipality of Pancevo, in which land consolidation was not carried out, in order to determine the sequence for carrying out work on the renewal of the geodetic survey. The authors used the VIKOR method, as one of the multi-criteria optimization methods. The list of eight criterion functions (fi) and six sub-criteria (kij) was adopted for the multi-criteria optimization of the renewal of real estate cadastre in the research area. The multi-criteria ranking list of cadastral municipalities as alternative solutions, and the proposal of a compromise solution were determined for four different combinations of weights ωi, by which different relative importance of criterion functions is expressed. The obtained results, in a form of ranking lists for every combination of weights, allowed creating the hierarchy of the urgency of the commencement of works on the renewal of real estate cadastre. One of the problems in Serbian cadastre is that in all cadastral municipalities on the territory of Vojvodina, in which land consolidation has not been carried out, cadastral plans of the "old" graphical survey are still in use. The fact that real estate cadastre is still dealing with graphical survey data points to the need for the renewal of the real estate cadastre in the cadastral municipalities in which land consolidation was not carried out. The renewed, which would also mean contemporary and current, real estate cadastre represents a good foundation for making well-informed decisions relating to nature conservation, resolution of water-related issues, or enhancement of agricultural practices.

FLASH FLOODS VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF ČELINAC, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

<p class="ABSTRACT">This paper analyses the susceptibility of territory of municipality Čelinac to flash floods using the Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI). All operations related to calculating the FFPI were conducted in a GIS environment. The research results showed that 38.42% of the territory belongs to the category of low susceptibility to flash floods. The category of moderate susceptibility includes 36.86% of the territory, while 18.77% of the territory is classified as highly susceptible to flash floods. The very high susceptibility to flash floods applies to the area occupying 5.95% of the total territory of the Čelinac municipality. This research can be useful to all subjects involved in natural disaster protection, local government, insurance companies, and the general population.</p>

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РЕГИОНА: УСЛОВИЯ И ФАКТОРЫ

Labor potential is a key factor in the socio-economic development of territories in conditions of lack of stability, the crisis of economic globalization processes and deepening contradictions. The emergence of new sectors of the economy on a digital technological basis, the creation of modern jobs and professions determine the modern concept of regional employment and reducing the shortage of qualified personnel. The positive dynamics of unemployment growth objectively increases the need for a scientifically based approach in managing the labor potential of the region. We associate the importance of managing the region’s labor potential with the state’s responsibility for the standard of living of the population. In this regard, the Krasnoyarsk Region can be considered as an example of a region in which several investment projects are being implemented that can, in the medium term, give a new impetus to the development of productive forces. Such prospects require systemic activity in designing both the structure of labor mobility and accelerating the innovation process based on the formation of the institution of a national qualifications system. Programs for the socio-economic development of municipal territories of the Krasnoyarsk Region for the most part provide for the development of labor potential based on the need for the development of personnel of organizations, which determines the importance of this study. In the current situation, it is important to unify the requirements for personnel qualifications, developing mechanisms for assessing, selecting, and matching employees through a confirmed system of qualifications, thereby reducing the risks of business systems in the region. Forming the competence of the working population of the region, increasing the labor potential of the region through monitoring the structure of labor mobility in the context of types of activities makes it possible to manage the level of regional unemployment and more effectively use the total working time of the economically active population.

Some signs of an extremiist organization «Arestant criminal unity» formed as a result of the analysis of materials submitted for examination

Subject of research: materials submitted for the preparation of conclusions on criminological examinations. Purpose of research: to find out what materials are required for the examination. How do they influence the identification of signs of the functioning of cells of the extremist organization AUE on the territory of a municipality or penitentiary institution? Conduct an analysis of the materials submitted for the examination and identify the main characteristic errors made during their preparation, with the aim of further preventive work aimed at preventing these errors. Methods of research: the article uses such general scientific research methods as: generalization, analysis and synthesis, specification. Main results of research: groups of basic materials submitted for examination have been identified, and the main mistakes made in the preparation of these materials and during preparatory activities for the appointment of criminological examinations have been identified. The author believes that the formation of the most common errors made during the preparation of materials for conducting criminological investigations to identify signs of the functioning of cells of extremist organizations on the territory of municipalities will make it possible to take measures to prevent them.

Approaches to the Effectiveness Assessment of Territorial Development from the Perspective of ESG-Principles

Municipal territorial management is a classic mechanism of territorial administration, which involves the nomenclature operation of existing engineering and social infrastructure facilities located in a certain area of the municipality. Such a mechanism for managing territories is characterized by relatively low economic returns, due to the limited resources of the administrative apparatus of the municipality and the complexity of the proprietary property structure of the administered territories. These factors together form a situation where municipal authorities provide the process of managing territories with standard measures to maintain urban infrastructure in a functional state, with the priority of stabilizing the socio-economic situation in the territory of the municipality. To optimize the territorial management system at the present stage of development of management mechanisms of territorial administration, comprehensive systems for assessing the development of municipalities are used, a striking example is the urban environment quality index. However, this indicator can also be used to assess the predisposition of municipal territories for the implementation of development projects based on taking into account energy stability, the natural environment and the market situation within a particular city. The article describes a conceptual model for supplementing and improving the existing system for assessing the urban environment in the form of the urban environment quality index, developed by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the proposed mechanism for modernizing the system is to determine indicators of the stability and potential of the energy system of the municipalities under consideration, as well as their integration into the system for assessing the quality index of the urban environment from the perspective of development design, as well as assessing the development potential of the territory based on ESG-principles.

О сакральных местах коренных малочисленных народов Севера в Арктической зоне Республики Саха (Якутия)

The traditional culture of the indigenous peoples of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the priority values, but the active industrial develop-ment in their places of residence in the Arctic zone implies the vulnerability of their traditional way of life. This necessitates the formation of measures to pro-tect and preserve traditional culture, lifestyle and habitat. Sacred objects are also included in the system of specially protected natural territories along with the ter-ritories of traditional nature use of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North. Taking into account the need to take urgent organizational measures to protect sacred sites and give them a legal status, work is underway in the republic to compile a Register of sacred sites of indigenous minorities of the North and their mapping. Taking into account the relevance of the work on compiling the Register, this article is devoted to the problem of sacred places of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North living in extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic zone of Yakutia. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the total area of the Arctic zone is 1,701 thousand square kilometers, which is 55.2% of the territory of the republic and which includes 13 territories of municipalities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

IMPACT OF LOCAL FACTORS FOR CHANGES ON LABOR AND FARM NUMBER IN BULGARIA

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of local factors for changes in labor force and farm number in Bulgaria based on the last two censuses conducted in the years 2010 and 2020. The local factors are considered those conditions and prepositions apart from the national and regional causes driving the development and tendencies in the farm structure. The local level in this study is municipality territory, which is adopted as an unit for defining rural and not-rural areas. The evolution of labor worked in Bulgarian agriculture and the number of farms is steadily declining between both censuses, which is a general finding, where is interesting to identify the local differences and particularities. For the sake to analyze the local specifics, the Territorial Shift Share Analysis (TSSA) is applied. The TSSA is an analytical tool built on the basis of Shift Share Analysis (SSA), designed to determine the contribution of local determinants to the changes in the number of agricultural farms and labor force having in mind and estimating the changes driven by national and regional causes. The results show that about 72% of the observed changes ascertained as a decrease in farms in the country can be prescribed to macroeconomic, national influencing causes, about 19% has more regional roots and only about 9% of the decrease in the number of farms can be connected to local characteristics and factors. In the case of the labor force, the structure of the factor influence is similar, as around 69% of the total change in the labor force can be pertained to macroeconomic reasons, 21% can be traced to regional conditions and 10% to local circumstances. This structure is very similar and shows that local factors also contribute to the reduction in the number of farms and the labor force in the Bulgarian agriculture, which means that there is almost no local initiative for complement support of this production. The regional factors also have a certain impact, even though more limited than the macroeconomic and national environment, as it is deemed that as much as the regions differ from each other, the greater is the weight and impact of the regional level to the estimated changes. Keywords: agriculture, changes, labor, farms, Bulgaria JEL: J01; Q1; R11

Conceptual modeling of a forecasting system for hazardous waste emergencies

The relevance of the study consists in the problem of incompletely regulated legal relations in the field of emergency forecasting. This problem represents an important factor and condition for the unpredictable and uncontrolled generation and development of environmental hazards, threats and risks, as well as contributes to the preconditions for the occurrence of natural and technogenic emergencies. The study aims to systematically assess and develop ways to solve the problems of preventing unfavorable technospheric situations in municipal territories in the context of an ever-increasing technogenic impact of production and consumption wastes. The study emphasises the search for methods, organisational-technical measures and best available technologies for preventing natural and technogenic emergencies, as well as their socio-economic, natural-resource, environmental and other adverse consequences. A system analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators, parameters, factors and conditions, affecting events and formation processes of environmental hazard sources, represented by end-of-life, spent, utilised construction and other products, formed in the process of human activity and life support of settlements, is carried out. Based on the results of a joint research, the authors made an attempt to form an idealised conceptual model of a resource-saving system for an environmentally safe management of life support production and consumption wastes in technospheric territories.

Accessible environment in municipalities of the Russian Federation

The subject. This article discusses the main issues related to the competence of local governments in the field of providing an accessible environment for the disabled.Methodology. The paper analyzes the federal legislation regulating the powers of local self-government bodies in the field of providing an accessible environment for the disabled, and discusses the essence of these powers.Main results, scope of application. The powers of local self-government bodies in the field of providing an accessible environment for the disabled should be considered, first of all, as the powers of the owner.At the same time, the powers of the owner are not the only powers of local governments in this area. Local self-government bodies participate in activities to ensure that disabled people living on the territory of the relevant municipalities have equal opportunities with other citizens in the exercise of their rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Based on this, local self-government bodies should participate in providing an accessible environment for disabled people not only on municipal property, but also on the territory of the municipality as a whole, together with state authorities and organizations.The second group of powers of local self-government bodies in the field of providing an accessible environment for the disabled can include: (1) the powers of local self-government bodies, which are implemented by them when granting local self-government bodies separate state powers in the field of providing an accessible environment for the disabled; (2) the powers of local self-government bodies, which are implemented by them jointly with the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation at the expense of subsidies from the regional budget as part of the implementation of measures of the state programs of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the accessible environment; (3) the powers of local self-government bodies to participate, together with public organizations of disabled people, in the work on certification of priority facilities and services in priority areas of life of disabled people and other low-mobility groups of the population, carried out by state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation.Conclusions. When considering the issue of the essence of the powers of local self-government bodies in the field of providing an accessible environment for the disabled, based on the analysis of the practice of the Russian Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, it was revealed that by their nature these powers, as a rule, are neither separate state powers transferred to local self-government bodies for implementation, nor their own powers of local self-government bodies to address issues of local importance.

The role of the employer in the training of qualified personnel on the basis of industry (inter-industry) agreements

The article considers a set of issues related to the role of employers and the importance of their activities as one of the parties of social partnership in the training of qualified personnel on the basis of sectoral (intersectoral) relations. When analyzing the use of forms of social partnership at its various levels in the regulation of social and labor relations, attention is paid to the social approach to such regulation, indicating the need to protect the interests and needs of the employee’s personality. The levels of social partnership are highlighted, at which various agreements can be concluded, differing in their content and order of adoption, scope of action. Among all agreements, a special place in their significance in the country’s economy, taking into account the content and scope of action, is occupied by sectoral agreements concluded at the sectoral level in various sectors of the economy, establishing the basis for regulating labor relations in a particular industry. When establishing the foundations for regulating labor relations in two or more sectors of the country’s economy, intersectoral agreements are concluded both at the federal level and at the regional level, or on a certain municipal territory. The formation of Russian legislation on social partnership, collective agreements has its own history, during which the regulatory legal framework laid down in the early years of Soviet power and during the NEP period was improved. The resumption at the end of the 20th century of collective-contractual regulation of relations in the sphere of labor law on a fundamentally new legal basis made it possible to further increase the role and importance of acts of social partnership of an industry (intersectoral) nature. An analysis of the provisions of a number of sectoral (intersectoral) agreements on the role of employers in the training of qualified personnel showed the presence of a significant amount of their powers in the agreements of the off-budget sector of the economy. In turn, in budgetary organizations, the employer’s activity in this direction, limited by budget allocations, often comes down to the need to act within their strict limits, in the absence of the possibility of establishing additional benefits and guarantees for employees compared to those established centrally.

Precipitation Study in Flood Zones: San Mateo Atenco, State of Mexico, Mexico Case Study

This work is focused on analyzing the causes of flooding in the sub-basin belonging to the municipality of San Mateo Atenco: Almoloya-Otzolotepec, because the municipal territory is constantly threatened by hydrometeorological phenomena, such as hailstorms, frost and torrential rains. The maximum precipitation was analyzed in neighboring climatological stations and the precipitation at different return periods (2 to 1000) was determined through the Gumbel distribution, and its impact according to the Thiessen polygon method. With the information of the 24-hour intensities, the Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves and the hietogram of the study area were plotted using the alternating block method. The above procedure was applied to the precipitation data from the 9 stations that affect the basin. The approach proposed in this work considers all the precipitation variables for the best approximation of the phenomena that may occur in the basin; it is an innovative model because it considers the weighted averages of precipitation for each area of influence and its surroundings; this information is useful for the implementation of flood protection projects, adequate design of drainage and sewage systems, and a rational use of the resource to guarantee better living conditions for the inhabitants. According to the results obtained, there is a slow hydrological response and the areas with the greatest runoff potential (8383<CN<100) are located towards the central part of the basin where there is a significant concentration of bare soil.

EuReCa_Srbija Subotica 2014-2021 - epidemiologija vanbolničkog srčanog zastoja

Aims and goals Continuous monitoring of epidemiology, treatment and outcome of out of hospital cardiac arrest on the territory of Subotica municipality. Methodology EuReCa Serbia is a part of international, prospective, multicentric, EuReCa_One project, which records survival of patients (epidemiology, treatment, outcome) with out of hospital cardiac arrest in Europe, who are registered on "clinicaltrials.gov (registration number: NCT02236819) by ERC. Data gathered by research center Subotica from October 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021. have been observed. Statistical software SPSS Statistics for Windows v27.0 was used for analysis. Variables are presented through incidence and percentage, and Chi-Square test was used for connection testing between categorical variables. Results During the observed time period, the incidence of EuReCa events was 171,67/100.000. Annual incidence of initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 60.75/100000. Age Median for both sexes was 71 (IQR 62-81). Incidence of out of hospital cardiac arrest in patients" residences, per year, was 157.08 /100.000. Yearly Incidence of provided basic life support was 11.07. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved in 164 patients of 516 cases (31.78%), which makes the incidence of achieved ROSC, per year, 19.31/100 000. Conclusion Incidence of initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation and achieved return of spontaneous circulation can be compared with results of European countries. Further monitoring of OHCA is necessary so that the reasons for poor laymen involvement can be determined.

Ouled Saïd, a Gourara Palm Grove: Local Development and the Reproduction of a Traditional Society

In the Gourara, palm groves survive as well as they can thanks to their peasant community resistance, to their persistence and their culture, besides solid public help.The guidelines of this text centered on the Ouled Saïd oasis, are firstly to analyze the agricultural land division and secondly to understand the geographical changes of the diverse local countryside, and thirdly to try to put the stakes into the context of a small rural traditional society which reproduces itself by using modern State institutions with an aim to manage its municipal territory ensuring local development leaning strongly on public aid and a search to improve the social conditions for the resident population. In effect a series of planning actions were undertaken as early as the beginning of the 21st century, among which must be emphasized the patrimonial material rehabilitation (foggaras, ksour, environmental protection etc.). Furthermore a social structure recombination enabled some social groups to be implicated in local politics, in order to manage municipality business. This local development certainly improved the Ouled Saïd inhabitants’ way of life, but it also raised the dual question of the oases local agriculture future and the hastened preference for a consumer mode.

A Carta de Património Arqueológico do PDM do Porto Possibilidades e limites de uma cartografia da memória e mutabilidade da cidade. Parte II – Para além do Centro Histórico

This article’s second part concludes the presentation of the archaeological safeguarding areas included on the Municipal Master Plan of Porto. Aside from the multiple and dense vestiges known at the Historic Centre, the municipal territory holds a variety of remains referring to different inhabiting strategies over time. Recognizing the cultural signifi cance of this diversity can help revitalize the memory of the city, understand its transformations, and explore its temporal depth as a resource for urban and social development

Vitamin D and childhood disability: diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra

Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among children with musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (MSCTD), which plays a significant role in childhood disability, which ranks sixth in the structure of childhood disability in the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to study of the relationship between the incidence of childhood disability associated with MSCTD and the state of vitamin D status of the population living in the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. Material and methods. A correlation analysis was carried out between the level of childhood disability (that arose in connection with MSCTD in children aged 0-17 years in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra in 2021) and the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficit [serum 25(OH)D <10 ng/ml] among the population (12 city and 5 district municipalities), using the INVITRO-Ural LLC database (31 595 anonymized measurements of vitamin D level in Ugra residents). In addition, a correlation analysis was conducted between the total incidence of certain types of MSCTD in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the geographical latitude of the administrative center of the subjects of the Federation. Results. In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, the frequency of childhood disability resulting from MSCTD is associated with a statistically stable (p=0.01) directly proportional relationship with the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficit in the residents of the municipality territory. In the Russian Federation, the dependence of the general morbidity of MSCTD in children (arthropathy, juvenile arthritis, and damage to the tendon synovial membranes) is very stable (p<0.0001) directly proportional associated with the geographical latitude of the territory. This indicates the impact of reduced levels of ultraviolet radiation and, accordingly, the average blood level of vitamin D in the population high in latitudes, along with other reasons, on human health. Conclusion. Low levels of vitamin D have a negative impact on the activity of MSCTD in children and the associated disability. To justify the recommended daily dose and duration of vitamin D intake, which in some cases can reduce the activity of MSCTD, it is necessary to measure its initial level in the blood serum of patients at risk.

Management of the complex problems caused by urbanizing wild animals by authorities and local governments

Nowadays, it is more often a problem that wild animals appear on the territory of municipalities and usually cause alarm among the residents. However, these animals usually do not only enter the territory of one settlement, but also "visit" the settlements in each other's catchment area, in accordance with the structure of the Hungarian small village settlement. We consider it necessary to have a professional signaling system connecting several settlements, even at the district level, which can be used to send an immediate signal to the affected settlements in case of wildlife detection in the territory of local government, so that they can take the necessary preliminary - professional protection - measures. In this way, municipalities can prepare professionally for the appearance of wild animals. With this signaling system, unexpected appearances and unprofessional "reception" of the wild animals could be avoided. The Act of CL, 2016 on the general administrative procedure (Ákr.) as a framework legislation leaves many procedural issues open, which are filled with content by individual sectoral legislation. A question may arise as to whether the Ákr. so to what extent can it be considered a flexible law, to what extent and where does it allow deviations from its rules? Can we find the Ákr. among its provisions, those where it would be worthwhile to introduce norms allowing for further deviations, especially in those life situations where the delay in implementation could even endanger the public interest? And this thought also leads to the center of our research, the question of immediate enforceability. Because in this respect, it cannot be said that Ákr. flexible legislation, partly due to the exhaustive list, and partly due to the exclusion of consideration. We focus our research on this problem and on the conflicts caused by wild animals, which are increasingly prominent nowadays.

SELECTED ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN POLAND AND THE WORLD

The purpose of the article is to identify and evaluate selected municipal government activities in environmental management for climate protection and to formulate recommendations for municipalities in this regard. The research methods used are: a literature review, and a quantitative analysis of CSO data on 13 specific indicators of municipalities (counties) on: climate change, air and groundwater protection, land use, biodiversity and waste management and qualitative analysis. The research examines the results of environmental management in municipalities in different parts of the world and on the territory of Polish municipalities (districts) of varying wealth. A comparative analysis of the management activity of municipalities (counties) in three groups of Polish local governments: the most wealthy, medium wealthy and least wealthy has been carried out. The study shows a higher intensity of pro-environmental activities among the more prosperous municipalities. The available CSO data are also insufficient to comprehensively assess the multi-faceted activity of municipalities in environmental management. The current priorities of local authorities and the natural conditions of the municipality due to its location are also important. It is recommended to increase the activity of municipal authorities, especially less wealthy ones, in environmental management, and to increase the activity of all municipalities in the legal protection of environmentally valuable areas and in the creation of biodiversity.