Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant Research Articles

MSW incineration bottom ash (MIBA) as a substitute to conventional materials in geotechnical applications: A characterization study from India and comparison with literature

The study characterizes Delhi municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (MIBA) collected from three incineration plants over a period of 1.5 years in different seasons (monsoon, winter, summer). Physicochemical characteristics such as chemical composition, visual composition, grain-size distribution, specific gravity and loss on ignition as well as geotechnical characteristics i.e., compaction behaviour, permeability, compressibility and shear strength were ascertained on soil-sized fraction of Delhi MIBA (SSF-DBA) and the material was assessed for suitability of geotechnical reuse. Furthermore, the results were compared with three locally available granular materials i.e., Badarpur sand, Yamuna sand and coal bottom ash. Present work is the first detailed characterization on MIBA from a lower-income nation which also attempts to evaluate the differences (or similarities) with MIBA from higher-income nations through a comprehensive compilation of global experimental data.The study reveals higher SiO2, lower CaO and lower Fe2O3 content of SSF-DBA in comparison to higher-income nations. Additionally, greater percentage of fines and lower compacted unit weight has been observed for Indian MIBA. While permeability and compression index of SSF-DBA are similar to the results reported from other countries, angle of shearing resistance lies in a narrow range of 40-46° in comparison to the wide range of values (24-59°) reported in literature. The influence of different seasons on properties of SSF-DBA was only attributable to MSWI plant’s combustion efficiency as more unburnt organics resulted in lower stiffness and reduced shearing resistance of SSF-DBA. Mechanical behaviour of SSF-DBA compares favourably with other granular materials.

Sewage Sludge as Inhibitor of the Formation of Persistent Organic Pollutants during Incineration

With the objective of suppressing dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) emission in municipal solid waste incineration plants (MSWI), different chemical inhibitors have been tested. Among these inhibitors, nitrogen and sulphur compounds can significantly suppress PCDD/Fs formation via de novo synthesis, which gives very interesting results with very little capital investment. In recent years, the possibility of using waste rich in nitrogen and/or sulphur as a source of inhibitor compounds has been considered, and thus has reduced the emissions of pollutants while the waste is treated. The effect of adding sludge from urban sewage treatment plants in three variants has been specially studied: directly mixing the waste, using the decomposition gas of the previously dried sludge, and using the decomposition gas of the sludge together with other inhibitors such as thiourea. Reduction of emissions in laboratory tests using model samples indicated the efficiency to be higher than 99%, using sewage sludge (SS) as an inhibitor whereas, in actual MSWI plants, the efficiency can be as high as 90%.

A systematic approach to evaluating environmental-economic benefits of high-gravity technology for flue gas purification and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash utilization

This study proposed a systematic approach to evaluating the environmental-economic benefits of multiple air pollution control, CO2 mineralization, and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash stabilization-utilization with high-gravity (HiGee) technology. MSWI fly ash due to its high alkalinity and calcium-rich compositions could be used to absorb acid gas pollutants and mineralize CO2 simultaneously. HiGee system can be deployed to eliminate the mass-transfer limit to accelerate the reaction kinetics. Technical-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle analysis (LCA) were integrated with the technique to order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach and comprehensively evaluate the prioritized alternatives. Compared to existing wet-scrubber and fly ash landfill, the combination of fly ash slurry and further utilization of cementitious material can generate additional profits of direct/indirect carbon credit, calcium carbonate byproduct, reduction of air pollution fees and fly ash utilization revenue. In terms of environmental benefits, the installed HiGee system can reduce water and energy consumption to avoid water depletion and greenhouse gas emissions. TOPSIS results prioritized the various alternatives of HiGee operation modes and provided a technological evaluation for substituting the existing scrubber in an MSWI plant.

Development and Performance Evaluation of a Small Scale Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant

This study presents the design and testing of a waste-to-energy plant by incineration of small scale municipal solid waste to produce steam for electricity production. The average total waste generated within the study area was found to be 55,800kg/day, with an estimated calorific value of 13,958kJ/kg. The waste samples were collected, dried, shredded and weighed in order to reduce the moisture content to the acceptable minimum and decreases the surface area of the sample that will allow easier penetration of heat. The incinerator was designed using CATIA-5 software. The key performance indices of the developed plant are maximum furnace temperature, residence time, mass flow rate, steam pressures and amount of steam generated keeping the mass of waste constant per test but varying the air flow. The moving grate is inclined at an angle of 12° while the volume of the incineration combustion chamber was calculated to be 0.267m3. 150kg of small scale waste was fed into the combustion chamber of the incinerator to produce heat in order to fire the boiler filled to 70 litre capacity level. Tests were carried out with natural air flow and forced air supplied through the primary air nozzles at an air velocity of 6.2m/s. The obtained temperature/pressure results were: 464°C/5 bar and 528°C/7 bar and 542°C/7 bar for tests 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The steam produced in the boiler was able to run a steam turbine used to generate electricity. Preliminary results showed that such a plant could be used to complement the power supplied to the University as a set of 36 - 12V DC bulbs were powered for 15 minutes.

High temperature slagging gasification of municipal solid waste with biomass charcoal as a greener auxiliary fuel

During high temperature slagging gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW), coal coke is typically used as an auxiliary fuel to maintain the high temperature in the gasifier and convert ashes into slag. Herein, biomass charcoal was utilized as a greener and more sustainable auxiliary fuel to replace the coal coke during stable and continuous gasification of MSW. Several monitoring characteristics were assessed, like operating conditions of the gasifier, influence of local MSW properties generated in Singapore, environmental impacts, and main by-products (slag, fly ash and metals). The performance data revealed that the replacement of coal coke with biomass charcoal provided significant environmental benefits. The use of biomass charcoal resulted in 78% less SO2 emissions, and 22% less generated fly ash because the lower sulfur content in biomass charcoal resulted in a 32% reduced use of sorbent for flue gas treatment. Furthermore, there was clear evidence of a 22% carbon footprint reduction due to replacing fossil fuel as auxiliary fuel. In addition, the slag characteristics demonstrated lower heavy metals leaching as compared to the incineration bottom ash generated from the conventional MSW incineration plant suggesting its great potential in the application as clean and green waste-derived material in the construction industry.

Antibiotics in the municipal solid waste incineration plant leachate treatment process

ABSTRACT At present, the distribution of antibiotics in wastewater is mainly concentrated in municipal sewage treatment plants, and little attention is paid to the distribution and removal of antibiotics in landfill leachate. The concentrations of five sulfonamide, three tetracycline, and two macrolide antibiotics in leachate from a solid waste incineration plant were measured and the efficiency of the leachate treatment process in removing them was investigated. All target antibiotics were detected in the raw leachate samples. The total sulfonamide, tetracycline, and macrolide concentrations in the raw leachate ranged from 0.98 to 90.25, 1.90 to 50.64, and 146.41 to 382.90 ng/L, respectively. The leachate treatment process simultaneously removed all ten antibiotics with high removal efficiencies ranged from 96.0% to 100%. Biological and physical processes affected the removal of different types of antibiotics differently, with macrolides being more difficult for microorganisms to degrade than the other two categories. Leachate contaminants correlated to antibiotics suggesting environmental factors impact the removal of antibiotics. The accumulation of antibiotics in the leachate treatment process may create environmental problems.

Analysis of plastic waste reduction and recycling in Taiwan.

With the mass production and consumption of single-use plastics and other plastic products, plastic waste management and its resulting microplastic pollution have become the most noteworthy environmental issues. The main objectives of this paper were to review the regulatory measures for plastic waste reduction and recycling, analyse the trend changes on the recycled amounts of regulated plastic containers and also address the discussions on the impacts of COVID-19 on the expected increase in plastic waste. In the past two decades, the central competent authority (i.e. Environmental Protection Administration (EPA)) in Taiwan has promulgated some regulations governing plastic waste reduction and recycling, especially plastic containers. Based on the official statistics, it showed that total certified amounts of regulated plastic containers have increased from 45,552 tonnes in 1998 to 194,133 tonnes in 2019. This shift was in line with circular economy policies by the Zero Waste Program and Resource Recycling and Reuse Plan launched by the Taiwan EPA during this period. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic will impact on the regulatory policies for plastic waste management because the excess use of regulated plastic products will be temporarily permitted due to the epidemic prevention and control measures. Although the increased proportion of plastic waste in municipal solid waste (MSW) will be beneficial for the energy efficiencies of waste-to-power systems in MSW incineration plants, the recycling and reduction rates of regulated plastic containers or products could decline during the COVID-19 breakout.

Optimization of Metal Recovery from MSWI Fly Ash by Acid Leaching: Findings from Laboratory- and Industrial-Scale Experiments

A major part of Swiss fly ashes (FA) from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) are treated with the acid fly ash leaching process (FLUWA) in order to recover heavy metals prior to deposition. The FLUWA process uses scrub water from wet flue gas cleaning to leach heavy metals from FA. The leaching efficiency is strongly dependent on the leaching conditions (e.g., pH, Eh, L/S-ratio). This case study presents the optimization of the FLUWA process at the MSWI plant Linth, Switzerland, through determination of ideal process parameters for optimal metal recovery. By means of laboratory- and industrial-scale experiments, the process was adjusted towards a more efficient leaching of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd. This included the use of an oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide). Laboratory experiments proved to be a powerful tool for simulating process optimizations at industrial scale. An ideal leaching pH of 3.8 was determined and it was observed that the process stability is significantly influenced by the L/S-ratio applied to the leaching process. In the course of the study, the recovery could be improved to 67% Zn, 66% Pb, 30% Cu, and 91% Cd. It can be concluded that for optimal metal recovery the process has to be individually adjusted to the composition of the processed FA and scrub water of each specific FLUWA process.

Sustainability Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste in Baltimore USA

Sustainability assessment of municipal solid waste management requires a holistic approach in evaluating the impacts of current technology and processes. In this study, the sustainability analysis of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incineration plant in Baltimore city was performed to determine its environmental, economic, and social impacts. The city’s major waste-to-energy generation plant has benefitted the city of Baltimore since inception till date in terms of waste processing, resulting in electricity and steam production for more than 40,000 homes and over 200 businesses. The life cycle impact of the incineration plant was analyzed using the Simapro life cycle assessment (LCA) software with the Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES) database for correlation. The results obtained upon analysis show larger values of Global Warming Potential and eutrophication potential as 6.46 × 108 Gg of CO2 equivalence and 2.27 × 106 Gg N equivalence, respectively. These values resulted from the higher amount of fossil CO2 and NOx emitted from the plant. The acidification potential of 1.66 × 1017 H+ mmole eq resulted from the SO2 emitted by the incineration plant. The incineration plant exceeded the limitations set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on NOx (150 ppm), which is detrimental to the well-being of people as shown by this study. Installing an improved processing technology such as a Selected Catalytic Reactor (SCR) can drastically reduce the NOx emission to 45 ppm. Life Cycle Assessment was confirmed suitable in evaluating the environmental impacts of the MSW-to-energy treatment approach.

Evaluation of atmospheric sources of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs around an MSWI plant using active and passive air samplers

This study evaluated the spatial distributions and concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in ambient air around a municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant located in eastern China in two sampling campaigns within one year. Twenty high-volume samples and 27 passive air samples were collected from May 2012 to May 2013. The mean sampling rate of the passive sampler was estimated to be 3.8 ± 1.8 m3 d−1 in summer and autumn, while the mean sampling rate was 2.8 ± 1.0 m3 d−1 in winter and spring. Hence, the annual mean sampling rate was approximately 3.2 ± 1.4 m3 d−1. The mean levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs (excluding BDE-209) and BDE-209 in the passive air samples varied in the ranges of 0.086 ± 0.058–0.76 ± 0.51 pg TEQ m−3, 39 ± 26–170 ± 120 pg m−3, 3.3 ± 2.2–36 ± 24 pg m−3 and 58 ± 39–300 ± 150 pg m−3, respectively. The levels, congener profiles and spatial distributions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs decreased with increasing distance from the emission source and that different sampling sites had slightly different effects. However, this trend was opposite to that observed for PBDEs. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the MSWI emission source was the primary factor for PCDD/Fs in ambient air. Further monitoring should be conducted to evaluate the noticeable impact on the environment and human health due to exposure.

Prediction of Oxygen Content Using Weighted PCA and Improved LSTM Network in MSWI Process

The accurate and real-time measurement of oxygen content in flue gas is the cornerstone of high incineration efficiency and economic benefits for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants. However, conventional hardware oxygen analyzers are difficult to obtain the oxygen content in flue gas timely and precisely. In this article, a weighted principal component analysis (WPCA) algorithm combined with improved long short-term memory (ILSTM) network is proposed for oxygen content prediction. First, to reduce the model complexity, a WPCA is developed to calculate mutual information correlation coefficients between principal components and the quality variable. Second, the LSTM network is exploited to establish a prediction model, and its hyperparameters are obtained with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve the generalization ability of the prediction model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed prediction method is validated by a benchmark simulation and the real industrial data. And the comparison results with other methodologies demonstrate the considerable prediction performance of the proposed WPCA-ILSTM model.

Study on site selection of municipal solid waste incineration plant based on swarm optimization algorithm.

In this paper, based on an improved swarm optimization algorithm, a new site selection model of a municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant is proposed. First, the whale optimization algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined according to certain rules to improve the performance of the hybrid algorithm. Through a verification of the single and multi-peak functions, the results show that the algorithm achieves a good performance. The location model of the MSW incineration plant is based on many factors, including the economy, environmental protection, population scale, and operation cost. Finally, based on a sample analysis, a new location model of an MSW incineration plant is used to select the location of an Anshan MSW incineration plant, and a reasonable location is obtained.

Inventory of MSWI Fly Ash in Switzerland: Heavy Metal Recovery Potential and Their Properties for Acid Leaching

From the year 2021 on, heavy metals from Swiss municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) must be recovered before landfilling. This is predominantly performed by acid leaching. As a basis for the development of defined recovery rates and for the implementation of the recovery process, the authorities and plant operators need information on the geochemical properties of FA. This study provides extended chemical and mineralogical characterization of all FA produced in 29 MSWI plants in Switzerland. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and metallic aluminum (Al0) were additionally analyzed to estimate the effort for acid leaching. Results show that all FA samples are composed of similar constituents, but their content varies due to differences in waste input and incineration conditions. Based on their geochemical properties, the ashes could be divided into four types describing the leachability: very good (6 FA), good (10 FA), moderate (5 FA), and poor leaching potential (8 FA). Due to the large differences it is suggested that the required recovery rates are adjusted to the leaching potential. The quantity of heavy metals recoverable by acid leaching was estimated to be 2420 t/y Zn, 530 t/y Pb, 66 t/y Cu and 22 t/y Cd.

Calcium leaching characteristics in landfill leachate collection systems from bottom ash of municipal solid waste incineration

Calcium leaching is a critical factor in the clogging of leachate collection systems (LCS), a phenomenon that affects landfill stability and operation. The bottom ash (BA) of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants contains large quantities of calcium-based compounds. Landfilling is the main disposal method for BA in China that intensifies the consequences of LCS clogging. The factors influencing BA calcium leaching were investigated using simulated leachate. The results showed that fine BA particles, low pH values, high temperature, and ratios of leachate to BA solids were conducive to calcium leaching. Calcium leaching was found to be higher in actual leachate than in simulated leachate. At pH = 5, the cumulative calcium dissolution ratios (CDRs) were 83.36% and 31.49% after 20 days of leaching in the actual and simulated leachate, respectively; at pH = 6, the values were 50.67% and 12.06%, respectively. The introduction of landfill gas could decrease the calcium dissolution and leaching rates. When the ratio of leachate to BA solid was 20:1 mL/g, the accumulative CDR values were 45.98% (pH = 6) and 5.80% (pH = 8) without landfill gases, and 4.59% (pH = 6) and 0.48% (pH = 8) with landfill gases. These results provide the scientific basis for clogging risk prediction with respect to calcium leaching in the LCS of landfills. BA landfilling in old landfill areas with relatively high leachate pH and low chemical oxygen demand, as well as when leachate mixed with an appropriate amount of landfill gases, could be feasible measures to reduce calcium leaching and further prevent clogging in LCS.

Influence of start-up phase of an incinerator on inorganic composition and lead isotope ratios of the atmospheric PM10

A municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) was installed in a peripheral area of the city of Turin. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of this plant to the massive concentration of PM10, to its chemical composition and to the distribution of the lead isotopes during the start-up phase.We assessed the inorganic composition of PM10 collected in the vicinity of the Turin incinerator by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SF-ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC). The lead isotope ratios in PM10 samples were determined by SF-ICP-MS by a method developed and optimized using experimental design approach. Element trends and data chemometric treatment evidence that the vehicular traffic, increased in this area due to the opening of the MSWI plant, and, to a lesser degree, the direct incinerator emissions influence As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ba, Mo, Pb, Sn and Zn concentrations. As a whole, however, the element concentrations in PM10 and the Enrichment Factors (EFs) were comparable with the values reported for other urban sites and target pollutant concentrations of MSWI emissions, namely Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb, were lower than in PM10 emitted from older MSWIs. This confirms that incinerators of new installation have a lower impact on atmospheric PM10 composition thanks to stricter current legislation and up-to-date technologies. The lead isotope ratios investigation allowed to distinguish the diverse sources (crustal, vehicular traffic and MSWI) that influence lead concentration in PM10 collected near incinerator during start-up phase.

Analysis of Current Status and Regulatory Promotion for Incineration Bottom Ash Recycling in Taiwan

Incineration is the most important technology for treating municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial waste in Taiwan. Currently, there are 24 large-scale MSW incineration plants operated to generate about 1.2 million metric tons of residual ash (mostly bottom ash) based on approximately 6.5 million metric tons of waste incinerated yearly. To reduce the depletion of non-renewable resources under the circular economy principle, the recycling of MSW incineration bottom ash (IBA) as recycled aggregate in concrete and construction applications has been progressed in recent years around the world. According to the official database, the trend analysis of MSW generation and treatment, electricity power and IBA generation from the MSW incineration plants over the past decade (2010–2019) was performed in this work. It showed an increased power generation, growing from 0.485 kWh/kg in 2010 to 0.530 kWh/kg in 2019. In 2019, 2738 GWh of power was sold to Taipower (one of the state-owned companies in Taiwan) for electricity grid connection, gaining income of about NT$ 5,089,383,000 (≈US$ 172,520,000) at an average rate of 1.86 NT$/kWh (0.063 US$/kWh). On the other hand, the ratios of incineration bottom ash (IBA) generation to refuse incinerated indicated a decreasing trend due to the increased operation efficiencies of MSW incineration plants. Based on the revised regulations implemented on 18 May 2020, the regulatory measures for promoting IBA recycling in Taiwan were promulgated to valorize it for the production of recycled aggregate under rigorous requirements for prevent it from polluting the environment.

Ammonia Emission Characteristics and Emission Factor of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant

This study aims to analyze whether ammonia emission occurs when municipal solid waste (MSW) is incinerated. In cases where ammonia is emitted, we aim to develop an emission factor, calculate annual emission amounts by utilizing activity data (waste incineration amount) applied in air pollutant emission calculations for the waste combustion in Korea, and investigate whether there is a need for emission calculation. As a result of the study, the ammonia emission factor of the MSW incineration facility to be studied was 0.0091 kgNH3/ton, which was 3 times higher than the emission factor in Europe. In the case of emissions, a randomly developed emission factor was applied to confirm the necessity of development of the emission factor, and as a result of the application, it was found to be 22 NH3 ton/year, which is the same number as the annual NH3 emission of the entire waste treatment sector in 2016. Therefore, we believe that MSW incinerator facilities should be recognized as one of the major NH3 omitted emission sources. Moreover, it is evident that there is a need for an NH3 emission factor and emission calculations that reflect the characteristics of Korea.

The internal exposure of phthalate metabolites and bisphenols in waste incineration plant workers and the associated health risks

Many hazardous substances can be released during incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), which pose a potential threat to human health. As additives, phthalates (PAEs) and bisphenols (BPs), which are widely used in daily goods, are likely to be present in the released hazardous substances. In the present study, we investigated the urinary levels of phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) and BPs in workers in an MSW incineration plant (the exposed group) and in residents 8 km away (the control group) in Shenzhen, China. The results showed that the median total urinary concentration of mPAEs in workers was significantly higher than that in residents (1.02 × 103 vs. 375 ng/mL). However, there was no significant difference between workers and residents for BPs. Among the mPAEs measured, the most abundant compound was mono-n-butyl phthalate in both exposed and control groups. Monoethyl phthalate and monomethyl phthalate might be potential markers for MSW incineration because of significantly high levels in the exposed group. The workers engaged in different types of workshops showed no significant differences in the urinary levels of mPAEs, also for BPs. It was worth noting that 70.8% of workers were at risk of the non-carcinogenic effects caused by PAEs with diethylhexyl phthalate having the highest risk. Actions should be taken to reduce the risks caused by these hazardous chemicals.

PCDD/Fs in paired hair and serum of workers from a municipal solid waste incinerator plant in South China: Concentrations, correlations, and source identification

Human hair has been widely used to evaluate the exposure to drugs and organic pollutants. However, reports on the relationship between polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs) in hair and the body burden of PCDD/Fs are limited. In this study, the association between PCDD/Fs in paired hair and serum samples from workers was examined in a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) plant in South China. Fly ash and flue gas from the MSWI plant were also analyzed to determine the source apportionment of PCDD/Fs in the hair. The median international toxic equivalents (I-TEQs) of ΣPCDD/F in serum and hair were 28.0 pg TEQ/g (lipid weight) and 0.30 pg TEQ/g (dry weight), respectively. The indicator congener of PCDD/Fs for the TEQ levels was 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) in both hair and serum, the concentrations of which both exhibited significant and strong linear dependence on the total TEQ levels (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.966 and R2 = 0.670, respectively). Significant positive correlations were found in the 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) levels between the hair and serum samples (p < 0.05). Flue gas (which is an external source) was identified as the primary source of PCDD/Fs in human hair. Blood and flue gas were accountable for, on average, 37% and 61% of the PCDD/Fs in hair, respectively.

Application of a geographic information system-based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model to locate potential municipal solid waste incineration plant sites: A case study of Izmir Metropolitan Municipality.

Locating candidate sites for municipal solid waste management facilities is a multi-criteria decision and involves spatial consideration that all municipalities have to deal with. This study aims to develop a holistic model for locating the most suitable facility sites in municipal solid waste management considering environmental and economic factors, and its application to an incineration facility in Izmir as a case study. A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model was developed by integrating multi-criteria decision analysis methods and a geographic information system. A stepwise methodology was conducted, including generating a spatial database, exclusion analysis, preference analysis to determine spatial membership degrees and weights for each preference factor and generating the final land suitability map. A high-resolution land suitability map and the point vector format data of potential incineration plant sites were created as the model outputs. The case study results demonstrated that an incineration facility with a total capacity of 117 MWe could be established for energy recovery from 5649 tonnes day-1 municipal solid waste. Four locations were determined as potential incineration facility sites in the case study area. The model can be utilized for different study areas to aid decision-makers in the process of site selection for not only incineration facilities but also for other municipal solid waste management facilities.