Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site Research Articles

Revealing subsurface structure at the former municipal solid waste disposal site Leuwi Gajah of Cimahi Town by using geophysical data: a preliminary result

Municipal solid waste disposal site Leuwi Gajah, situated in Cimahi, is near Bandung City. It was a vast open dumping site closed in 2006 due to a harmful geological hazard in 2005, causing hundreds of victims’ deaths. After 16 years of the tragedy, Bandung local government planned for the former municipal solid waste to become a food field with high technology that benefits the community around the area. We applied the Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) technique to image the study area’s subsurface structure as a non-invasive geophysical method. We collected apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and apparent susceptibility data from the study site in a gridded pattern to map their distribution using EM-38 MK-2 technology. We chose three sites to map those parameter values: site 1, site 2, and site 3. Site 1 is cassava cultivation land by the community. Site 2 is the boundary between former waste and non-waste land, and site 3 is the same land as site 1 but has a steeper slope (20°). The selection of sites 1 and 3 compares land at higher and lower elevations affected by the former landfill landslide. Site 2 shows the difference in characteristics between waste and non-waste land.Our research in the study area delivers good results. First, we can identify the boundaries of waste and non-waste material, as shown in the low susceptibility value at site 2. This identification is probably related to the thermo-remanent magnetization that results from burning waste. On the other hand, water content influences the distribution of ECa values. Moreover, topography has effects that cause water accumulation in certain areas at sites 1 and 3. These findings recommend using other geophysical methods to detect the boundary between the waste deposit body and underlying bedrock and to characterize the waste body.

Integrating a UAV System Based on Pixhawk with a Laser Methane Mini Detector to Study Methane Emissions

This article describes the process of integrating one of the most commonly used laser methane detectors, the Laser Methane mini (LMm), and a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on the Pixhawk flight controller to create an unmanned aerial system designed to detect methane leakages from the air. The integration is performed via the LaserHub+, a newly developed device which receives data from the laser methane detector, decodes it and transmits it to the flight controller with the protocol used by the ArduPilot platform for laser rangefinders. The user receives a single data array from the UAV flight controller that contains both the values of the methane concentrations measured by the detector, and the co-ordinates of the corresponding measurement points in three-dimensional space. The transmission of data from the UAV is carried out in real time. It is shown in this project that the proposed technical solution (the LaserHub+) has clear advantages over not only similar serial commercial solutions (e.g., the SkyHub complex by SPH Engineering) but also experimental developments described in the scientific literature. The main reason is that LaserHub+ does not require a deep customization of the methane detector or the placement of additional complex devices on board the UAV. Tests using it were carried out in aerial gas surveys of a number of municipal solid waste disposal sites in Russia. The device has a low cost and is easy for the end user to assemble, connect to the UAV and set up. The authors believe that LaserHub+ can be recommended as a mass solution for aerial surveys of methane sources. Information is provided on the approval of LaserHub+ for aerial gas surveys of a number of Russian municipal waste disposal facilities.

Assessment of Fungal Aerosols Dispersion from Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site: A Case Study of Karaj, Iran

Introduction: Fungal aerosols from landfill sites can play a fundamental role in environmental pollution and health. The present study aimed to assess the dispersion of fungal aerosols from municipal solid waste disposal site.
 Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the concentration of fungal aerosols was determined in four geographical directions at distances of 250, 500, 750, and 1000 m around landfill site. Relative humidity and temperature were also measured. Moreover the concentration and type of the fungal taxa isolated from landfill site under different environmental and metrological conditions were evaluated.
 Results: The results showed that the maximum and minimum concentrations of fungal aerosol in the landfill site were 256.18 ± 59.7 CFU/m3 and 76.56 ± 23.2 CFU/m3, respectively. The most frequent fungi detected from municipal landfill site included Penicillium (43.67%), Cladosporium (33.54%), Yeast (7.60%), Aspergillus (5.91%), Curvularia (3.62%), Chrysosporium (1.57%), Alternaria (1.54%), Scopulariopsis (0.84%), and Ulocladium (0.60%) taxa. The maximum identified fungal aerosol concentration in the area around the solid waste landfill was 350 CFU/m3. Furthermore, the concentration of fungal aerosols in the environment was significantly related to relative humidity, wind direction, and temperature in spring and winter (P < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Municipal solid waste disposal site can be a potential source for fungal aerosol dispersion. Moreover, fungal aerosols concentration is correlated with wind direction and speed, relative humidity, and temperature

Identification of Suitable Solid Waste Disposal Site by Using GIS Based Multi Criteria: a Case Study of Adama Town, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to investigate existing waste disposal practices and to determine the optimally suitable and acceptable disposal site for Adama town, Ethiopia. The pertinent restrictions identified to realize the objective were slope, river proximity, road, soil type, environmentally sensitive areas, protected zone, and settlement proximity. The criteria were weighted in the GIS environment and then, based on appropriateness of dumping places, the region was classified to different suitability zones. The primary stage solid waste collection is carried out by small and micro enterprises (SMEs) and their service covers more than three-fourth of the households of the town. The waste which is not collected by SMEs is mainly disposed of in environmentally sensitive places. According to the results, only 8.64% (939 ha) of the total area is highly suitable, 27.83% (3026 ha) is completely unsuitable and the remaining 63.53% (6908 ha) is moderately suitable. Four municipal solid waste disposal sites with minimum destructive effects and the lowest environmental impacts are identified to be suitable for Adama Town. Thus, the use of GIS for suitable dumping site location was effective, and the findings will be valuable in maintaining healthy environment and public by realizing dumping plants on the identified site.

Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in a freshwater river in northwestern Himalayas, India - Scenario of riverbank solid waste disposal sites

Microplastics (MPs) are one of the challenging and established contaminants that have adverse implications on human health. The focus of this study was to quantify and analyze the contribution of unscientific municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal sites to the MPs in the Jhelum River and the risk associated with it. Quantitative analysis of our study showed a mean MP concentration of 1474 ± 1026 particles/m3 for the entire stretch of the river. All the sites confirmed the presence of MPs with the concentration ranging from 600 particles/m3 to 2500 particles/m3. The size distribution of MPs suggested that 34 % of the microplastics ranged between 300 μm to 75 μm while 66 % of the particles varied between 300 μm to 5 mm. The concentrations of MPs downstream of unscientific disposal sites were found to increase threefold to that of upstream. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of polyethylene (PE) in the majority followed by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP). The flakes were dominant throughout the river followed by filaments, fragments, and spherules. Count based Pollution level indexing (PLI) estimated 3–14 times MP contamination in the river with respect to contamination in glacial runoffs. The risk assessment study of the MPs indicated an increase of around 10.2 % in ingestion rates of MPs due to the unscientific disposal of MSW on the banks of the freshwater body. The values of polymer hazard index (PHI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were in the extreme case of pollution (PHI>1000 and PERI>1200). This study manifests the adversities of unscientific municipal solid waste disposal for timely waste management.

Isolation and screening of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags degrading bacteria from Addis Ababa municipal solid waste disposal site “Koshe”

PurposeThis study aims to screen bacterial isolates from the Addis Ababa municipal solid waste dumping site (Koshe) for the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene bags and analyzes their efficiency in degrading plastic bags.MethodsIn this study, low-density polyethylene bag-degrading bacteria were isolated from the Koshe municipal solid waste disposal area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Screening of isolates for low-density polyethylene bag biodegradation was carried out using a clear zone method. Additionally, the efficiency of the isolates for low-density polyethylene biodegradation was evaluated using the weight loss method, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Finally, molecular identification of potential low-density polyethylene degrader bacterial isolates was done by 16S rDNA sequencing.ResultsIsolates KS35, KS14, and KS119 resulted in significant weight loss of low-density polyethylene film (42.87 ± 1.91%, 37.2 ± 3.06%, and 23.87 ± 0.11% weight loss, respectively). These isolates were selected for further biodegradation study using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows the formation of pores, pits, and distortion of the plastic surface. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicates the appearance of new peaks at the surface of low-density polyethylene films. Phylogenetic analysis of the three potential bacterial isolates was also carried out, and the result indicates that the sequence of isolate KS35 had 99% similarity with sequences of Methylobacterium radiotolerans MN525302. Isolate KS119 had 100% similarity with Methylobacterium fujisawaense KT720189, and the sequence of isolate KS14 had 99% similarity with species of Lysinibacillus fusiformis.ConclusionsWeight loss, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and Fourier transform infrared analysis results show that isolates KS35, KS14, and KS119 have high potential in degrading low-density polyethylene bags.

Akumulacija teških metala u kukuruzu (Zea Mais L.) gajenomna zemljištu izmenjenom dodavanjem komposta od čvrstog gradskog otpada

An experiment was conducted to investigate the accumulation of some heavy metals by maize (Zea mays L.) grown on soils amended with different levels of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) in Dakadda experimental farm, Uyo. Eighteen plants samples were collected from three different plots and analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Pb) contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results obtained revealed the following ranges for the metals in grain: Cd:0.041-0.059mgkg-1 , Fe:42.62-62.23mgkg-1 , Mn:7.92-12.20mgkg-1 ; Cu:6.26-19.40mgkg-1 and Pb:0.25-0.36mgkg-1 , while the ranges in stover: Cd:0.029-0.120mgkg-1 , Fe:41.62-54.30mgkg-1 , Mn:14.21-20.43mgkg-1 ; Cu:10.46-24.30mgkg-1 and Pb:0.21-0.31mgkg-1. The results obtained from this study have shown considerable and unacceptable levels of heavy metals in maize grain and stover for the amended soils. It was observed that compost application increased the status or level of micro-nutrients when compared with the control plots (treatments), except for Mn and Cd in grain and Mn and Pb in the stover. On a general note, the concentrations of micronutrients were found to be higher in grain than in stover, except for Cu and Mn. The study also reveals that concentrations of most of the heavy metals analysed for in maize grains varied positively with their corresponding levels in stover. However, worthy of note is that although the levels of heavy metal contents obtained were within the permissible WHO and FAO standards, except for Lead, Pb, which was slightly higher than normal. It is believed that the results could be more favourable in this study than elsewhere because of the low content of industrial or hazardous wastes. Also, the waste could have been more degraded than might result from use of less than two years old dumpsite wastes elsewhere where there could be less highly degradable matter, less exposure to air before application to soil, drier waste, or where decomposition has been otherwise inhibited. Thus, on a general note, cultivating edible plants on dumpsite soils or soils reclaimed from a municipal solid waste disposal site, may not be safely used as a soil conditioner due to the fact that they have the potential of posing risk to crops or public health.

Estimation Effect of Weather Factors on Biogas Emissions Rate (Methane) from Landfill Stations in Baghdad, Iraq

The topic of this study examines the release of methane gas from the landfill stations in the Baghdad Governorate, the biological decomposition and anaerobic decomposition (absence oxygen) breakdown of garbage, after the garbage is buried in the landfill stations. The objective of this research is to estimate the methane (CH4) emission rate, from landfill stations ineffective weather factors such as (temperature, wind speed and direction), and also the possibility of using it as a source of sustainable energy in Baghdad Governorate. Garbage was collected in nine congregational stations, located on both sides of Karkh and Rusafa. Through study the period from 2016 to 2018, the highest methane emission rate was 0.046 GgYr-1 in 2018, and the lowest methane emission rate was 0.0077GgYr-1 in 2017, while the annual total municipal solid waste (MSW) was 2421808m3 and 407665m3 respectively. The results also showed a monthly greatest amount of methane emission rate occurred in July and August at a rate 0.003 Gg/ month with average temperatures of 36Co and average wind speed of 4.3 m/s, while the lowest occurred in January and February at a rate 0.001Gg/month, with an average temperature of 11Co and average wind speed of 3 m/s, the prevailing wind direction is about 270o-337.5o. By converting municipal solid waste disposal sites (open dumps) to sanitary landfills with methane collection and utilization facilities. The methane from the garbage disposal sites can be used as a sustainable energy source to generate electrical energy estimated years 2016, 2017 and 2018, from the methane emission rate of about 57.666 kW/h -105.661kW/h.

Evaluation of certain pollutants generation inside municipal solid waste landfills

Municipal solid waste disposal sites act as sources of secondary pollution of the environment with waste destruction products that undergo further chemical and biochemical transformations. The research deals with the issues of quantitative assessment of greenhouse gases and persistent organic pollutants formation within municipal solid waste landfills. It uses such methods as mathematical models of pollutants formation inside a municipal solid waste landfill body, namely methane and persistent organic pollutants formation. Bioorganic substance forming the major part of municipal solid waste generates methane, carbon dioxide and other compounds; presence of chlorine in various compounds included in the composition of waste causes unintentional formation of persistent organic pollutants, in particular PCDD/F. The article presents the results of measurements of methane formation (according to the National Gas Formation Model), carbon dioxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds formation (according to the LandGEM model) with relation to the conditions of the municipal solid waste landfill «Dalnytsky Kariery» that accepts waste from the Odesa industrial-and-urban agglomeration. It shows the municipal solid waste landfill as a significant source of greenhouse gases the amount of which increases rapidly under the conditions of long-term operation and constant delivery of waste. The discrepancy in the results of methane formation measurements indicates the need to adapt the LandGEM model that matches the Ukrainian conditions. It would allow determining a wide range of atmospheric polluting substances. The author's design determines the formation of persistent organic pollutants as exemplified by PCDD/F. The measurements showed that landfills act as a significant source of unintentional formation of PCDD/F, 99% of which accumulate inside a landfill itself. They also indicated that, under the conditions of a constant delivery of waste to a landfill, there is a rapid increase in the amount of PCDD/F formed, even with consideration of the half-life period. The landfill itself is considered as a main source of unintentional formation of PCDD/F within the whole Odesa agglomeration.

Analysis of Leachate from the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site and Its Impact on Ground Water Quality At, Lucknow Cantonment

Abstract: Open dumping of municipal solid waste is prone to groundwater contamination because of leachate production. In this report, an attempt has been made to assess the pollution potential of leachate generated from the solid waste disposal site and its impact on aquifers in Neil line Lucknow environs, Uttar Pradesh, India. Physico-chemical parameters of leachate are determined to evaluate water quality index (WQI) .A large amount of the water requirement of Lucknow City is supplied from groundwater. The quality of this groundwater was determined by taking samples from wells within the study area. The purposes of this investigation were .To provide an overview of present groundwater quality . To determine spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Cl− , SO4 −2 , hardness, and NO3− concentrations, and.To map groundwater quality in the study area by using GIS and Geostatistics techniques. ArcGIS 9.0 and ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst is used for generation of various thematic maps and ArcGIS Spatial analyst to produce the final groundwater quality map .

Analysis of Leachate from the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site and Its Impact on Ground Water Quality at Lucknow Cantonment

Abstract: Open dumping of municipal solid waste is prone to groundwater contamination because of leachate production. In this report, an attempt has been made to assess the pollution potential of leachate generated from the solid waste disposal site and its impact on aquifers in Neil line Lucknow environs, Uttar Pradesh, India. Physico-chemical parameters of leachate are determined to evaluate leachate pollution index (LPI) .A large amount of the water requirement of Lucknow City is supplied from groundwater. The quality of this groundwater was determined by taking samples from wells within the study area. The purposes of this investigation were to provide an overview of present groundwater quality. To determine spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Cl− , SO4 −2 , hardness, and NO3− concentrations, and To map groundwater quality in the study area by using GIS and Geostatistics techniques. ArcGIS 9.0 and ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst is used for generation of various thematic maps and ArcGIS Spatial analyst to produce the final groundwater quality map .

Comparison of municipal solid waste landfill management in Depok City and Klaten Regency

Management at a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) is necessary to save the environment from pollution. MSWLF, which previously used a sanitary landfill system, has changed to an open dumping system. An open dumping system can cause decay to the environment. This study aims to compare municipal solid waste disposal site management in two different regions. The research location is Depok City and Klaten Regency. This research was carried out from February to April 2022 with data collection techniques carried out by interview techniques, field observations, and literature studies. The analysis technique was carried out using descriptive analysis to describe the current management conditions of the two regions. In addition, it uses Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats (SWOT) analysis to obtain recommendations for management improvements that can apply in the region. The Cipayung MSWF which was originally built with a sanitary landfill system has turned into open dumping, while the Troketon MSWLF is currently still able to process incoming waste using a controlled landfill system. The difference in the management of the two MSWLFs is influenced by financing, operational, and institutional aspects.

Seasonal methane emission from municipal solid waste disposal sites in Lagos, Nigeria

The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Sector is a major source of Methane (CH4) emission, a Greenhouse Gas (GHG) that contributes to Climate Change. However, governments of developing countries have not been able to address the challenges posed by this sector due to inadequate funding and technical requirement. The objective of this study was to determine how seasonal variation influences the CH4 gas emission. The First Order Decay (FOD) Tier 1 Model was used to estimate CH4 emission from four Solid Waste Disposal Sites (SWDS) in Lagos namely: Ewu-Elepe (Ewu), Abule-Egba (A/E), Soluos (Sol), and Olushosun (Olu) covering the dry and wet seasons, respectively for the inventory year 2020. A known weight of the wet waste deposited was characterized. The study revealed that the Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) for the dry season was 12.897 GgC/kgWaste while that of the wet season was 12.547 GgC/kgWaste. But, the methane gas generated during the wet season was 0.331 Gg higher than that of the dry season which was 0.134 Gg for the study period. This is an appreciable quantity of methane that can contribute to the global Climate Change impact if not addressed. Therefore, these waste types should be segregated from other recyclables and processed into compost or energy resource.

Municipal solid waste, an overlooked route of transmission for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: a review.

Municipal solid waste could potentially transmit human pathogens during the collection, transport, handling, and disposal of waste. Workers and residents living in the vicinity of municipal solid waste collection or disposal sites are particularly susceptible, especially unprotected workers and waste pickers. Recent evidence suggests that municipal solid waste-mediated transmission can spread the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans. Such risks, however, have received little attention from public health authorities so far and may present an under-investigated transmission route for SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents during pandemics. In this review, we provide a retrospective analysis of the challenges, practices, and policies on municipal solid waste management during the current pandemic, and scrutinize the recent case reports on the municipal solid waste-mediated transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We found abrupt changes in quantity and composition of municipal solid wastes during the COVID-19. We detail pathways of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens carried on municipal solid wastes. We disclose evidence of pathogenic transmission by municipal solid waste to humans and animals. Assessments of current policies, gaps, and voluntary actions taken on municipal solid waste handling and disposal in the current pandemic are presented. We propose risk mitigation strategies and research priorities to alleviate the risk for humans and vectors exposed to municipal solid wastes.

Crisp and fuzzy optimization models for sustainable municipal solid waste management

Increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in the city has caused a serious problem to the authority, especially for emerging countries. Improper management of MSW will increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Apart from landfill, there are other options to convert MSW into valuable products or energy, such as recycling and incineration. This paper presents crisp and fuzzy optimization models for designing optimal supply chain networks for sustainable MSW management, considering economic (cost minimization) and environmental objectives (emissions reduction). The crisp model is based on a superstructure and consists of material balances, capacity limits and planning constraints for MSW transfer stations, disposal sites and treatment technologies. Fuzzy optimization with max-min aggregation is then incorporated to handle conflicting economic and environmental objectives, as well as uncertainties in GHG emission factors and cost coefficients of MSW treatment. A case study for the design of an optimal MSW supply chain network in the city of Qingdao, China is presented to illustrate the proposed approach. The conflicting objectives of minimizing the total net cost and GHG emissions for MSW transport and treatment are analyzed using the crisp model, yielding a set of Pareto optimal solutions. A compromise solution achieving a 21.6% cost reduction and a 28.4% emissions reduction is identified using the fuzzy model. An inferior solution is also found with smaller cost (19.1%) and emissions reductions (25.1%) due to the use of conservative estimates of uncertain cost coefficients and emission factors. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models in dealing with the MSW management problem.

Geophysical characterization of a leachate plume from a former municipal solid waste disposal site: A case study on Norman landfill

Geophysical characterization of a leachate plume from a former municipal solid waste disposal site: A case study on Norman landfill

Numerical modeling and simulation of leachate transport in MSW contaminated soil: Impact on seasonal changes

A municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal site with an area of 200 m2 and a depth of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 m is studied to assess and control the environmental impacts of leachate discharge on the inner layers of soil. The numerical model was developed under rainy and dry seasonal conditions. The soil properties and leachate concentration data were used for the finite element modelling considering time steps and diffusion coefficient. The effect of seasonal variations in leachate transport is dependent on soil properties such as hydraulic conductivity, moisture content and porosity. Results obtained from numerical computations were compared with the experimental values. However, the comparison demonstrates a good agreement between experimental and numerical calculations.

Assessment of Water Contamination at Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site, Jawaharnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

The impact of uncontrolled municipal solid waste disposal of 3800 tons per day on surface and groundwater downstream of the Jawaharnagar dumping site was studied. The un-engineered solid waste dumping yard site spreading over about 300 hectares (ha) is located on topographic high (hillock) and falls in Madyala stream and Dammaiguda watersheds of Musi sub-basin. Granites of the Archaean age underlie the area. Both surface and groundwater samples, collected covering hydrological cycles of 2011and 2012, were analyzed for major chemical constituents. Fifteen samples belonging to both seasons of 2012 were tested for BOD, COD, and TOC. The mean values of some tested chemical constituents of surface water samples (15) were - EC 13066 m S/cm, TH 753, Na+ 813, K+ 530, HCO3- 978, Cl- 1304, and NO3- 262 (all in mg/l), which prove that tanks and stream near the dump yard were pools of leachate. The average values of contaminated groundwater samples among the four sampled sessions (17) indicate EC was above 5000 m S/cm, TH 1624, Cl- 1502, and SO42- 284(all in mg/l), which were found much above the threshold values. Very high TOC (mean SW 241; GW 154 mg/l), BOD (5410; 117), and COD (6427; 176) content in both surface (SW) and groundwater (GW) samples indicate the presence of organic pollutants sourced from domestic waste dumps. Wide temporal and spatial variability in the concentration of many ion species could be due to rainfall deviation, point source changes, and heterogeneous fracture patterns. Low resistivity values (5 to 25 ohm.m) at a distance of 4 km from the dumping site and high infiltration rate (29 cm/hr) at the Madyala stream indicate hydrological features controlled the mass flux. The chloride-sulphate alkaline-earth water facies, K+:Mg2+ and BOD/COD ratios demonstrate apart from anthropogenic input water-rock interaction and evapotranspiration governed the evolution of water chemistry. The study supports the hypothesis that solid waste dumps, which attained the methanogenic phase, were a point source of pollution that generates leachate and dissipates contaminants to the aquatic environment through preferred pathways influenced by factors like soils, topography, aquifer hydraulics, and contaminant kinetics.

Quantification of landfill gas emissions and energy production potential in Tirupati Municipal solid waste disposal site by LandGEM mathematical model

The present key challenges the world is currently facing are the environmental pollution, climate change and energy crisis. The anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide due to burning of fossil fuels for energy production and other greenhouse gas emissions are considered unsustainable, and whole world is having a paradigm shift towards the renewable energy. The one of the major contributor of the greenhouse gases like methane, carbon dioxide are the municipal solid waste landfill sites. The landfill sites contains nearly 50–60% of organic contents, and they undergo anaerobic decomposition with a help microbes in the waste dumps contribute to the higher percent of methane emissions. There is now enhanced public awareness on sustainable products, and commodities usage in their daily needs, hence the global warming can be slowed down and devise an environmentally sound sustainable society. The present study aimed to provide a methodology to quantify the amount of methane and carbon-di-oxide emitted from the Tirupati municipal solid waste dumpsite using LandGEM3.02 model and empirical equation to estimate the renewable energy potential. The method provided was simple and more accurate having higher efficiency in predicting the landfill emissions and subsequently the energy potential. The study shows that the energy emission potential are maximum to the waste with a higher fraction of biodegradable organic content. Therefore, the method can be implemented in all the landfills by the policy makers to predict the methane emissions and control the greenhouse gas emissions by sequestering the methane and carbon dioxide optimally for energy production.•Landfill gases are a primary constituent in greenhouse gases and has potential for energy production.•The results from this study showed an abundant quantity of methane and carbon dioxide are emitted from tripathi landfill site.•The study concludes that methane can be extracted and used as alternative source of sustainable energy.

Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site Selection Using Remote Sensing Technology and AHP Process (Case Study: Khesht city, Fars Province, Iran)

The design and implementation of the municipal waste management system aim to solve the urban issues and ultimately contribute to the citizens' health and welfare. The first step in this system is to select a site for the safe disposal of wastes. This survey aimed to select the most suitable landfill site for municipal solid waste using the geographic information system (GIS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model following the environmental, economic, and engineering criteria. Therefore, by reviewing the literature and backgrounds, the parameters required for locating the landfill site were extracted, and the most important ones (15 sub-criteria) were selected and divided into four groups. The results showed that the sub-criterion of distance to the river with the weight of 0.218 was identified as the most critical parameter, followed by groundwater depth. In this way, the flooding parameter with the weight of 0.010 was considered the least important variable. In addition, it was found that the moderate suitability class with 50% of the area had the highest area, and the very high suitability with 0.8% had the lowest area. The inconsistency rate was equal to 0.04, which illustrates the high consistency of matrices. Then, the overlaying was carried out, and three sites were determined as the best place for a landfill in Khesht county.