Municipal Public Policies Research Articles

How much of the income inequality effect can be explained by public policy? Evidence from oral health in Brazil

To evaluate the association between income inequality, a public policy scale and to oral health. Analysis, using the Brazilian oral health survey in 2002-2003, included 23,573 15-19-year-old subjects clustered in 330 municipalities. Missing and decayed teeth and malocclusion assessments were the outcomes. Gini coefficient and a novel Scale of Municipal Public Policies were the main exposure variables. Individual level covariates were used as controls in multilevel regressions. An increase from the lowest to the highest Gini value in Brazil was associated with an increase in the number of missing (rate ratio, RR=2.11 confidence interval 95% 1.18-3.77) and decayed teeth (RR=2.92 CI 95% 1.83-4.65). After adjustment for public policies and water fluoridation, the Gini effect was non-significant and public policies explained most of the variation in missing and decayed teeth. The public policy scale remained significant after adjustment with a rate ratio of 0.64 for missing and 0.72 for decayed teeth. Neither Gini nor public policies were significantly related to malocclusion. The public policy effect on missing and decayed teeth was stronger among those with higher education and income. Income inequality effect was explained mainly by public policies, which had an independent effect that was greater among the better-off.

Diagnóstico psicosocial de la juventud de Zipaquirá: un análisis desde la comunicación

<p>La ponencia presenta los resultados preliminares del proyecto Diagnóstico Psicosocial de la Juventud de Zipaquirá: Una base para la Formulación de la Política Pública Municipal de Juventud, específicamente en la Línea de Comunicación, la cual se ha convertido en un eje transversal de la investigación por cuanto la comunicación se empieza a evidenciar como dispositivo fundamental para el desarrollo psicosocial de los jóvenes.</p><p>Se trabajó con un enfoque participativo de investigación utilizando técnicas mixtas. En general, los resultados preliminares reflejan la percepción propia del grupo de los jóvenes y otros actores sociales frente a los problemas, necesidades y potencialidades de la juventud de Zipaquirá, así como las fortalezas de la oferta institucional municipal en cuanto al tema de comunicación, acceso a la información, visibilidad y empoderamiento juvenil.</p>

Políticas públicas e espaço urbano desigual: favela Jardim Maravilha (SP)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar parte dos estudos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos sobre as intervenções das políticas públicas municipais nas periferias da cidade de São Paulo. Nesse contexto, em específico, trataremos do caso da favela Jardim Maravilha, localizada no distrito da Cidade Tiradentes, no extremo leste do município, por apresentar situações peculiares - a começar pelo enorme contingente de moradores, cerca de 350 mil (segundo dados da subprefeitura local), vivendo em conjuntos habitacionais (Cohab) construídos pelo governo municipal, favelas ou ocupações irregulares em terrenos ociosos.

Políticas e estratégias públicas municipais: novos desafios e perspectivas para o desenvolvimento local

In Brazilian context, the role of municipalities has grown enormously in importance. This is especially evident in the promotion of the socioeconomic development of their territory, their community as a whole, and specifically each individual. This occurs through both the direct action of its administrative apparatus and its indirect action, which is mainly through projects and programs with other levels of government, or through partnerships with other institutions, thereby assuming growing systemic characteristics. In this way, the municipal public strategies and policies need to deal with new social responsibilities and challenges, aiming at replacing traditional views of operation. Improving focus so as to become more aware and advance operations towards meeting real expectations of well-being for each citizen, the area’s community and the territory as a whole, aiming, in synthesis, to favor the necessary conditions for a life with important indicative of well-being.

Alfabetização de jovens e adultos: política pública e movimento popular

O presente texto versa sobre a alfabetização de jovens e adultos realizada pelo Projeto AJA-Expansão, da Secretaria Municipal de Goiânia (SME), desenvolvido em parceria com a sociedade civil, universidades e outras instituições. Esse projeto configura-se na concretização de uma bandeira de luta contra o analfabetismo em Goiânia, fazendo parte de uma política pública municipal de combate emergencial e estrutural às situações de exclusão social. O texto apresenta as origens e estrutura do Projeto AJA-Expansão e o papel do Estado - como implementador de políticas públicas - e da sociedade civil, configurando-se em um movimento de educação popular.

OCORRÊNCIA DE ENTEROPARASITOS EM CRIANÇAS ATENDIDAS NO PROGRAMA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DE UMA AREA DE ABRANGÊNCIA DO MUNICÍPIO DE VESPASIANO, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

The greatest copro-parasitological researches were developed until the 70´s in Brazil. In despite of the intestinal parasites are very important, because constitutes a severe problem to public health, contributing to the aggravation of the social, economical and medical problems. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of the most frequent enteroparasites among children (0-10 years old), in the Health Family Program (PSF) area situated in the district of Morro Alto in Vespasiano city, state of Minas Gerais,Brazil. It was analyzed 3250 handbook indexes of three PSF units. The general occurrence was 18.4% positive and some children have more than one parasite. The most founded enteroparasitos was Giardia lamblia (43%), Ascaris lumbricoides (34%) and Entamoeba coli (13%). The 6 to 8 ages shows the highest incidence of children with parasites. The data collected to this project evidenced that Vespasiano-city doesn’t have related researches to parasites, justifying the importance of this study and its results offers subsidies for elaboration of municipal public health policies for childhood and youth. KEY WORDS: Parasitic Diseases; Child Health (Public Health); Family Health Program.

Projeto Juventude e Cidadania: Ponto de encontro Espaços educativos e de proteção para jovens

o relato apresenta o Projeto Juventude e Cidadania: Ponto de Encontro, desenvolvido na cidade de São Paulo, em 2004, em consonância com o Plano de Metas da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, que estabelecia como grandes eixos: o princípio da Cidade Educadora, a intersetorialidade das políticas públicas municipais no âmbito das prefeituras e a formação da rede de proteção social nesse espaço. O Ponto de Encontro é um local de interação do adolescente e do jovem em situações intencionalmente planejadas, constituídas por um conjunto de oficinas de diferentes naturezas temáticas, culturais, de gestão e acompanhamento e de formulação de projetos de intervenção comunitária. O relato discorre sobre a proposta, material e metodologia, bem como sobre a implementação e avaliação do projeto. Pretendeu-se implementar a formação de grupos de jovens em cada um dos 21 Centros Educacionais Unificados – CEUs, no contraturno do horário regular das aulas. A adesão foi total, contando com a participação dos profissionais dos Núcleos de Educação, Esporte e Cultura e a participação efetiva de representantes da comunidade do Conselho Gestor dos CEUs, além de lideranças locais e educadores sociais. O texto conclui que a boa recepção do projeto é evidenciada pelos vários segmentos de profissionais, que identificaram no Ponto de Encontro a potencialidade de desenvolvimento de uma proposta significativa com os jovens, no seu próprio contexto de trabalho educativo.

Rede Pintadas

The Pintadas Network has been organized in Pintadas, a small municipality (11.254 inhabitants) in Bahia, located in the semi-arid region. It has been composed by civil society organizacions (social, productive, cultural and religious organizations and a credit cooperative), with support from the local town hall and from national and international institutions. The Network is a space for articulation, which intends to formulate, execute, follow-up, inspect and evaluate the municipal public policies. The general goal of Pintadas Network is to promote the local sustainable development of the municipality. The Network has created a process of articulation between the civil society organizations and the public Power. It potentializes the resources, democratizes the relations, widens access to services and the population participates in the search of alternatives for sustainable development.

Municipal Differentiation and Public Policy: Fiscal Support Levels in Varying Environments

Using variables derived from several conceptualizations of the environment, this study assesses the predictability of of fiscal (as measured by per capita property tax revenue) among 21 municipal governments at two points in time. The data bear out the notion that it is useful to consider revenue level as a funcion of social variables differing in time and space. The results also suggest that current views of environmental impact on municipal government make the system excessively static. Findings indicate that over time one can expect marked changes in the influence of various environmental features. A central feature of the alleged urban crisis is the fiscal dilemma faced by municipal governments. Dwindling revenues seem to threaten their abilities to meet the service expectations of their populations. They are simultaneously pressed for increased municipal services, and for reducing, or at the very least, stabilizing the of taxation to be borne by constituents. These two issues-a demand for higher services, combined with tax rates perceived as excessive-have become of paramount importance in local and state elections and are beginning to emerge as issues in national politics. These problems stem from the declining ability of municipal government to mobilize fiscal support' from its traditional source, the local property tax. This tax has been the mainstay of municipal fiscal systems. Not all municipalities have experienced this set of problems to the same extent and some have avoided them altogether. The question then arises: What factors can be used to explain these differing experiences? The present investigation hypothesizes that differences in the abilities of municipal governments to mobilize the fiscal of its citizenry are, in large part, a function of the patterns of environmental differentiation within which political systems must function. There is a substantial literature demonstrating the fruitfulness of conceptualizing governmental behavior as a response pattern to environmental variation. Easton (1953; 1965a; 1965b) presents a treatment of the theoretical position 1 The dependent variable is conceived, in this article, as one aspect of the functioning of local governments within a specifiable, but complex, environment. The concept of is taken from the theoretical work of the political scientist David Easton (1953; 1965a; 1965b). Oran R. Young (1968) points out that in the Easton paradigm the concept of is a means of describing one set of relationships to the political system on the part of constituents. For the purposes of the present inquiry support mobilization levels are seen as the at which a municipal government can obtain revenues from its property tax in order to establish or to maintain certain of governmental service activity. The of attained by any given municipality is a system characteristic that includes both resources and pressures for performance, demand, in Easton's terms. An alternative type of analysis of government fiscal performance would be a traditional economic treatment of supply and demand for specific outputs. For the purposes of sociological or political analysis, where the purpose is to obtain information about holistic system properties of local governments, a more generalized conception of system output, such as is more appropriate. At this level of analysis it is very difficult to obtain pure measures of either supply or demand. Indeed, supply and demand factors are empirically fused in the system's environment, as are the absolute and relative aspects of these factors (i.e., the proportion of wealthy individuals in a community is related to the system's objective resources, to specific services demanded, to generalized conceptions of the desirability of high of service, and to willingness to be taxed).

Municipal Differentiation and Public Policy: Fiscal Support Levels in Varying Environments

Using variables derived from several conceptualizations of the urban environment, this study assesses the predictability of levels of fiscal support (as measured by per capita property tax revenue) among 21 municipal governments at two points in time. The data bear out the notion that it is useful to consider revenue level as a funcion of social variables differing in time and space. The results also suggest that current views of environmental impact on municipal government make the urban system excessively static. Findings indicate that over time one can expect marked changes in the influence of various environmental features.

Urban Planning and Municipal Public Policy

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Urban Planning and Municipal Public Policy.

Urban Planning and Municipal Public Policy.