Municipal Corporations Research Articles

Profile of Deaths Due to COVID-19 in Three Zones of Ahmedabad City during the all Three Waves of Pandemic: A Record Based Study

Introduction: Mortality due to COVID- 19 was observed in India including Gujarat during the pandemic. Death audit of all the deaths among cases of COVID- 19 during the pandemic was carried out in Municipal Corporation area of a city of Gujarat in India. Objective: Present research was carried out to describe socio-demographic and clinical profile among deceased due to COVID-19. Method: Descriptive cross sectional record-based study was carried out. Case papers of 1078 deaths from three zones of municipal corporation were allotted for death audit to a tertiary care teaching hospital and the findings were described as proportions, mean, median, and associations were demonstrated through appropriated tests like Chi square test, t-test. Results: Mean age of deceased was 63.66+11.99 years. Male:Female ratio was 2.5:1.The median duration of stay of the deceased in the hospital was 7 (IQR: 3-12). The most commonly recorded immediate cause of death was Type 1 Respiratory failure 533 (49.44%). Proportion of comorbidities increased with increase in age and this was statistically highly significant. However, there was no gender-wise association of comorbidities. There was no association of SpO2 levels with age. However, SpO2 levels were significantly associated with fever, sore throat, breathlessness and ischaemic heart disease. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, individuals more than 60 years of age were identified as high risk group, Emphasis on early referral and proper management of comorbidities is required to decrease the mortality.

Cognizing waste: a comprehensive quantitative and characterization analysis of municipal solid waste in Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation, India

Cognizing waste: a comprehensive quantitative and characterization analysis of municipal solid waste in Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation, India

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Financial Sustainability Ratio (FSR)

Perumda BPR Bank Jogja is a corporation of Yogyakarta city that supports and encourages the growth of regional economic development as well as regional capital sources that improve the standard of living and welfare of the community. So that financial sustainability is important related to the sustainability of Perumda BPR Bank Jogja in its financial aspect. This study uses independent variables, namely Non Performing Loan (NPL), Return on Asset (ROA) with dependent variables Financial Sustainability. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Return on Asset (ROA) on Financial Sustainability. This research uses the research object of Perumda BPR Bank Jogja which has a mission to realize public welfare in the financial sector. Data is obtained from financial statements. The results showed that the t test on the Non-Performing Loan (NPL) variable was 0.575 and Return On Asset (ROA) was 0.017. The results of the t-test show a significance value of 0.268. The results can be concluded that Non-Performing Loan (NPL) has no effect while Return On Asset (ROA) has an effect. Based on test F, Non-Performing Loan (NPL) and Return On Asset (ROA) have a significant impact on the Financial Sustainability Ratio (FSR).

Analyzing Role of FSI in City Sprawl- Case Study: Pune City

Pune is the second-largest city in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and is an important city in terms of its economic and industrial growth. Over the years Pune Municipal Corporation area has grown in concentric rings. Future growth of PMC will be mainly governed by existing transport corridors, existing and future industrial developments in and around PMC and the expansion of central business district (CBD). The aim of the research is to analyze role of FSI in city sprawl supported with a case study of Pune City. The objectives of the research are- to assess existing and proposed policies/projects undertaken in Pune City for last two decades, to understand population growth trend and its distribution within and around the city, to analyze factors contributing to intensification and spatial distribution of population density, to examine the effects of increased population density on the existing infrastructure facilities in the urban settlements and lastly to propose strategies or proposals for the selected study area. The methodology adopted for the study initiates with assessing the data collected from secondary sources. The increase in population and built-up area attributed to various factors are studied using satellite images and GIS techniques. Population and built-up density can be linked up together to understand how the former growth affects the latter. The distribution and pattern of population density helps to provide useful information in provision of necessary service infrastructure. Finally, different approaches of accommodating the future population are studied and proposed in the study. Keywords Urban sprawl; Density; Spatial Distribution; Accessibility; Urban Growth

Design of water supply scheme for newly merged lohegaon and wagholi villages in pune municipal corporation

Design of water supply scheme for newly merged lohegaon and wagholi villages in pune municipal corporation

The importance of "factory-workshops" in the activities of individual representatives of Lviv architects and sculptors milieu in the 1730s and 1760s.

The purpose of the article is to study the organization and activities of professional associations of Lviv architects and sculptors, known in the sources as "factory(fabryky)-workshops", during the construction and sculptural decoration of sacred and secular buildings in Lviv and outside its borders in the 1730-s – 1760-s. The methodology of the research is based on the principle of objectivity and historicism, a systematic approach to the study of historical-artistic and socio-economic phenomena in their development and interrelationships. The use of methods of analysis and synthesis, problem-thematic, descriptive and historical-chronological approach made it possible to optimally solve the research task. The scientific novelty of the research involves the description of the activity and internal organization of the factory-workshops of Lviv architects and sculptors during the construction and sculptural decoration of objects of a secular and sacred nature, the importance of the factory-workshops of Lviv artists in obtaining profitable orders, as well as in confrontation with the city corporation. Conclusions. In the professional activity of Lviv architects and sculptors, a significant role was played by the process of organizing the most qualified workers around them into professional associations, which are known in the sources as "factory-workshops". Thanks to them, artists got the opportunity to control most of the orders when creating objects of a secular and sacred nature in the city and beyond. This, in turn, caused a confrontation with the city corporation. Free craftsmen managed to win a number of victories over the corporation on a legal basis thanks to the support of influential patrons, magnate families, representatives of the higher clergy, as well as royal privileges that exempted artists from the claims of the corporation and city authorities.

Structure and Functioning of Urban Local Bodies in Infrastructure and its Challenges

India's society is now characterised by widespread urbanisation. Millions of people are moving to cities in search of employment because cities are the main benefactors of globalisation and are growing in population. This shows that Indian cities must act as the engine for the country's economy's structural change. Infrastructure has to be improved and upgraded, which necessitates active cooperation from both the state and federal governments. The 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution, which aim to establish an institutional framework for bringing about grass- roots democracy through the use of genuinely self-governing local bodies in both urban and rural areas of the nation, provide a clear mandate for democratic decentralisation in addition to the directive principle of state policy. The subjects covered in this research study include various urban local bodies, their relevance, their organisation, their tasks and responsibilities, and their problems and difficulties. Urban Local Bodies must deal with issues such financial scarcity, unplanned urbanisation, excessive state government control, and the proliferation of agencies, Low level of People’s Participation in socio-economic development. And how can the financial independence of urban local governments be increased? By incorporating technology, e-governance, financial instruments like municipal bonds, ensuring active citizen participation, and improving grievance redressal mechanisms. Keywords—urban local bodies, municipal corporation, municipal council, municipal bonds

A comprehensive assessment of macro and microplastics from Rivers Ganga and Yamuna: Unveiling the seasonal, spatial and risk factors

There have been growing apprehensions and concerns regarding the increasing presence of plastic pollutants in the holiest river of India, the Ganga, and its major tributary, Yamuna. In response to this issue, the current study aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the seasonal and spatial distribution of macro to microplastics (MPs) in the surface water, water column, and sediments from the River Ganga and Yamuna. MP samples were collected from various points of these Rivers, including upstream, downstream, and drainage points around the vicinity of Haridwar, Agra, Prayagraj, and Patna cities. With a significant seasonal variation, the estimated MPs and plastic flux were higher during the wet season than during the dry season. MPs sized 300 µm-1 mm and fibre-shaped blue and black colored MPs were pre-dominant in both rivers. Polyacrylamide, polyamide, and polyvinyl chloride were the most ascertained polymers. MPs including hazardous polymers (hazard score >1000) may pose a risk to the population of Indo-Gangetic Plain via direct and indirect exposure to MPs. The information provided in this study could serve as a starting point for the action plan required by municipal corporations to mitigate plastic pollution and target the possible sources at each location.

Development of eco-friendly brake pads using industrial and agro-waste materials

There has been an increase in research over the past decades into the use of environmentally friendly materials in brake pads, such as natural fibres. This is due to the possibility that natural fibbers could serve as an alternative to the noxious asbestos materials in tribological applications like brake pads. As a result, utilizing the compacting mould technique, an asbestos-free friction material was developed using agricultural waste (coconut shell and oil bean stalk) as a filler element, alongside aluminium dross, metal chip industrial wastes and carbon black. The filler material considered had particles as small as 300 μm, with epoxy resin serving as the binding agent. Using these waste materials can help reduce environmental pollution and the risk to animal and plant life (Preeti et al., Pharma Innov J 7:94–102, 2018; Sajib, A Study on the effects of environmental pollution on human life in the riverbank area of Barishal City Corporation (Kirtankhola River), 2021). This research aimed to replace asbestos in brake pads due to its carcinogenic nature, reducing the health risks associated with manufacturing and using these brake pads. The brake pad materials were cast and produced using square wooden moulds. Four samples were created, comprising the same mixing ratio but varying in reinforcement fibre and particle size, with epoxy resin used as the matrix. Various tests were conducted on these samples, including a water absorption test, specific gravity test, compressive strength test, hardness test, thermal conductivity, SEM and EDX. The developed brake pads underwent microscopic characterization and structural examination using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental characterization. Thermal conductivity was obtained using automated Lee’s Disc apparatus. Comprehensive strength analysis was conducted using a universal testing machine (UTM).The specific gravity tests yielded values for the developed composites in the range of 1.136–1.257, while the commercial brake pad had a value of 2.081, indicating that the produced samples were lighter and less dense. The water absorptivity of the developed samples ranged from 0.95 to 2.174%, while the commercial brake pad had a value of 1.031%. For the hardness tests, at three different loads, the developed values ranged from 16.4HV3 to 19.4 HV3; 26.4HV30 to 28.7HV30; and 25.5HV100 to 29.6HV100, while the commercial brake pad had values of 16.5HV3, 28.4HV30 and 28.2HV100.Sample C (212 μm: coconut shell powder) exhibited the most desirable characteristics with five values: water absorptivity 0.95, compressive strength 120.5 MPa, hardness value 29.6 HV100, wear resistance 0.099 mm/mm3, specific wear rate 1.00 mm3/Nm. The outstanding values were attributed to the chemical composition, particle sizes and good interfacial bonding of the microstructure.The developed brake pads performed favourably when compared with the existing commercial brake pads. The chemical tests showed that the natural fibres bonded well with the epoxy matrix. The thermal and mechanical tests yielded comparable results with the values obtained from the commercial brake pads. Therefore, the developed materials for brake pads can be considered suitable replacements for asbestos brake pads.

Peoples Biodiversity Registrar of Kolkata, Ward Number 27: A Peoples Document Prepared as per Directive of National Green Tribunal (NGT) by Rammohan College

Abstract: As per National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) Guidelines, National Green Tribunal (NGT) has issued one order to West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Government of West Bengal to prepare a complete Peoples Biodiversity Registrar (PBR) of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). A project has been initiated in the year 2017-18. Rammohan College has been approached to prepare a PBR of Ward No. 27 and form a Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC). A complete PBR has been prepared and submitted to West Bengal Bio Diversity Board, Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal.

Harnessing Untapped Resources for Sustainable Energy Production from Municipal Solid Waste in Recourse Challenged Economies: A Case Study of Rajshahi City Corporation, Bangladesh

The sustainable management of municipal solid waste is of utmost importance for cities in Bangladesh, including Rajshahi City, which faces unique challenges due to rapid urbanization, industrial growth, and population expansion. This study aimed to gain insights into waste generation patterns and characteristics in Rajshahi by analyzing factors like moisture content, bulk density, dry density, and calorific value of municipal solid waste at the Rajshahi landfill site. The objective was to identify the most feasible method for waste characterization and segregation. The research methodology utilized a comprehensive approach, incorporating field surveys, laboratory analyses, and statistical modeling to create an energy matrix and assess the potential for waste-to-energy production in Rajshahi City. This study aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to waste and energy management, including SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy - by exploring waste-to-energy options. SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities - by addressing waste management challenges in a rapidly urbanizing area. SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production - by promoting sustainable waste management practices. SDG 13: Climate Action - by potentially reducing greenhouse gas emissions through efficient waste-to-energy conversion. Overall, this research contributes to Rajshahi City's efforts to achieve sustainable development while addressing its waste and energy needs by converting its 75.8% organic waste to electricity using an anaerobic digester.

Urban Heat Island effect and Urban Thermal Field Variance Index phenomenon at the heart of ‘Chicken's Neck Corridor’ of India

Siliguri corridor, the ‘Chicken Neck Corridor of India’, is one of the largest Municipal areas in West Bengal and is of great geo-strategic importance as it lies at the crossroads between India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh connecting the north-eastern part of India with mainland India. This study uses the LANDSAT 7 ETM+ and LANDSAT 9 TIR OLI imageries from USGS Earth Explorer to determine Land Surface Temperature (LST) changes, Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes; Normalized Differential Built-up Index (NDBI) changes; Land use and Land cover (LULC) changes; Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect; Urban Hot Spots (UHS) and Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) phenomenon. With booming trade and increasing urbanisation, Siliguri city (Municipal Corporation) has seen rise in the mean LST by 2.92 °C resulting in increased UHI intensity and UTFVI phenomena between 2000 and 2022. The average LST in UHI and UHS has risen by approx. 3 °C causing more areas to come under bad, worse and worst thermal comfort level categories of the ecological evaluation index. An attempt is made to determine the reason for such changes in this micro climate through multi-dimensional perspectives and to exhibit the land use transformations that took place between the aforesaid time periods.

Monsoon Season Spatial Distribution of Particulates Concentration in the Road Intersection Area of Different Land Use in Major City in South Asian Countries

Air pollution has become one of the most significant issues in the metropolitan area of Dhaka in recent years. There are various sources of air pollution in Dhaka city, among them, unfit vehicles and industries are notable with under construction work done by Dhaka city Corporation. With regard to various land uses in the Dhaka metropolitan region, this study intends for monitoring the Particulate Matters (PM<sub>2•5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) concentrations and its relationship to the various types of land use in the region. This investigation was carried out in 82 different places throughout the Dhaka metropolitan area by using instrument named Aeroqual S-500. Study found that the average concentrations of PM<sub>2•5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> in these locations were 31.10 and 72.03 g/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The average concentration of PM<sub>2•5</sub> and PM<sub>10 </sub>across all land uses was found to be 1.4148 and 1.7082 times higher than the WHO standard threshold, respectively. It is estimated that the average PM<sub>2.5</sub>/PM<sub>10</sub> was 46.32%. It also revealed that the concentrations of the parameters do not change significantly with land use as the p values are greater than 0.05. Average concentration of PM<sub>2•5</sub> & PM<sub>10 </sub>follows as mixed area > residential area > commercial area > silent area > industrial area.

Unriddle the complex associations among urban green cover, built-up index, and surface temperature using geospatial approach: a micro-level study of Kolkata Municipal Corporation for sustainable city

Unriddle the complex associations among urban green cover, built-up index, and surface temperature using geospatial approach: a micro-level study of Kolkata Municipal Corporation for sustainable city

A survey of smart dustbin systems using the IoT and deep learning

With massive population growth and a shift in the urban culture in smart cities, the constant generation of waste continues to create unsanitary living conditions for city dwellers. Overflowing solid waste in the garbage and the rapid generation of non-degradable solid waste produce a slew of infectious illnesses that proliferate throughout the ecosystem. Conventional solid waste management systems have proved to be increasingly harmful in densely populated areas like smart cities. Also, such systems require real-time manual monitoring of garbage, high labor costs, and constant maintenance. Monitoring waste management on a timely basis and reducing labor costs is scarcely possible, realistically, for a municipal corporation. A Smart Dustbin System (SDS) is proposed that is to be implemented in densely populated urban areas to ensure hygiene. This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the application of smart dustbin systems, following an extensive literature review and a discussion of recent research that is expected to help improve waste management systems. A current SDS used in real-time is implemented with the most recent advances from deep learning, computer vision, and the Internet of Things. The smart dustbin system used in day-to-day life minimizes the overloading of bins, lowers labor costs, and saves energy and time. It also helps keep cities clean, lowering the risk of disease transmission. The primary users of the SDS are universities, malls, and high-rise buildings. The evolution of the SDS over the years with various features and technologies is well analyzed. The datasets used for Smart Waste Management and benchmark garbage image datasets are presented under AI perception. The results of the existing works are compared to highlight the potential limitations of these works.

Resilience and Coping Strategies among Slum Women in Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation: A Descriptive Study

Resilience and Coping Strategies among Slum Women in Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation: A Descriptive Study

Cleaning an Indian City: A Case of Indore Municipal Corporation

The case is based on Indore Municipal Corporation, a city government in Madhya Pradesh, India. It revolves around the challenges a city government navigated through to become the cleanest city in India in the cleanliness ranking (Swachh Sarvekshan). In 2014, the Indian government launched the Clean India Mission. The cleanliness of cities was assessed in this mission based on several metrics, and Indore was placed 25th in 2016 among 73 cities and has continued to rank first in the country in subsequent years. Waste management was a major problem for the city, and the key to waste management is waste segregation. In order to transform, Indore had to go for segregated waste collection from residential and commercial sectors. Waste segregation cannot happen without effective citizen engagement as it is the citizens who generate waste and if they collect it in a segregated manner at their end the disposal can also happen in a similar fashion. This requires mobilizing citizens towards a new habit. Mobilizing residents in a country and city with compounded diversity in literacy, education, culture, religious views and customs was a complicated undertaking that required significant investment and political resolve. Also, before involving the community, the system needs to be redesigned so that it aligns with the altered practice at the citizens’ end. Citizens need to believe that their efforts were manifesting into something fruitful for society. The Municipal Commissioner was in a dilemma as to what kind of engagement strategy would work. Would information, education and communication be enough, or it required something more and beyond. This case tries to demonstrate the specific challenges and impacts that such a campaign brings and the learnings it generates in terms of citizen engagement, institutional arrangements and mechanisms of governance to benefit most and importantly envisage how the change can be sustained for long.

Implementation of Waste Management System

In the present days, many times we see that the garbage bins or dust bins are placed at public placesin the urban cities, that which are overflowing due to the increase in the waste every day. It creates anunhygienic condition for the people and creates bad smell around the surroundings. In the recent scenario, due to the rapid growth of population disorganization of city government a lack of public awareness and limited fund for a program of waste management garbage disposal became a cause of concern in the world. This leads to spreading some deadly diseases & human illness. Most of theviruses and the bacteria infection developed in the unclean and unhygienic environment. To maintain a strategic distance from such circumstances we have proposed wireless waste management system. Which allows multiple corporations to monitor the status of dust beansremotely over a server, and keeps cities clean and hygiene very efficiently by optimizing cost and time required for it. Waste management from its inception to its disposal is one of the important challenges for municipal corporations all over the world. When this was not in existence the garbage was overflowing and people were getting all the diseases. In urban areas, people should beaware of this condition of overflowing garbage. With this overflowing of garbage on roadstransportation problem occurs. The people who work in municipal corporations will hesitate to pick all the overflowing garbage this is also a cause for developing unhygienic atmosphere. To overcome this problem, we can use sensors and detect where the dustbin is overflowing. By this sensor, the higher authority will get to know about this garbage overflow and then the information can be passed and action could be taken on the municipal corporation.

Les procurateurs élus par les îles Baléares lors des dernières Cortes franquistes (1975–77)

ABSTRACT The Spanish Cortes, born and formed during the Franco dictatorship, played a relevant role during the initial stage of the Transition (Transición). This article aims to understand the biographical and sociological profile of the men who were elected within the framework of the province of Baleares, whether as part of what was known as the ‘family third’ or by municipal or provincial corporations. This approach will allow us to get closer to individuals who experienced first hand the controlled dismantling of the Franco regime and, moreover, understand what role they could have played in that ending, especially in relation to the processing and voting of the Law for Political Reform of 1976. We are also interested, among other aspects, in establishing their position regarding the development of tourism in a time of economic crisis and their attitude towards a possible decentralization of the Spanish State.

Fostering Resilience: An In-depth Investigation into the Dynamics of Growth and Development in Slum Children

The goal of the study is to understand the socio-economic and educational circumstances of Slum dwellers in the Rajshahi City Corporation. The study was carried out in the Jahaj Ghat area, which is located on the Padma River. 31 street children were chosen to collect data at random from the vulnerable slum. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted with the kids and their family heads. The finding reveals that the households are at significant risk related to housing, shelter, sanitation, water, social security, education, health, and livelihood troubles. Finally, the study recommended resolving the existing problems which will empower the parents of the slum dwellers to provide adequate support for their children to continue schooling.