Mungbean Grain Research Articles

Development of a Device for Primary Purification of Mung Bean Grain from Pods and Optimization of Its Main Design Dimensions and Operating Modes

It is important to create a technically and technologically improved device that reduces the damage to the mung during the process of removing the pods from the currently cultivated mung grain. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the design of the device, to justify its parameters and operating modes, for the complete separation and preliminary cleaning of mung beans without damaging them. The article presents the results of optimization of the main design dimensions and operating modes of the device for separating mung bean from the pods. The results of experimental studies showed that the proposed device has a high degree of completeness in separating mung bean from its pods and a low level of damage, low grain damage and high grain purity, which can be ensured with a sag length of 170 mm, a shaft oscillation number of 300 min-1, the amplitude of the shaft is 11.5 mm, its angle of inclination is 12 degrees. The design of the device for preliminary cleaning of mung grain by separating it from pods has been developed. The scientific significance of the research results is based on the structural dimensions and operating modes, as well as the resulting analytical connections and mathematical models, to ensure the quality of initial cleaning, to separate mung beans from pods completely and without damage, using less energy and resources. can be used to justify the parameters of similar devices. The developed device reduces the consumption of energy and labor during the initial cleaning of mung grain from pods, as well as the loss of grain.

Soil test crop response based site specific integrated nutrient management in mungbean

Imbalanced and excessive use of chemical fertilizers has brought many soil fertility problems. Soil test crop response (STCR) approach aims to estimate precise fertilizer requirement for target yield under varying soil test values and gaining prominence for site-specific nutrient management. A field experiment to estimate STCR based fertilizer requirement for targeted yield of mungbean was conducted during 2019–2020 at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. Three fertility gradient plots of varying soil fertility levels were created by applying graded dose of N, P2O5 and K2O and growing wheat as an exhaust crop. Each of three soil fertility gradient plot was divided into 24 subplots (21 plots with different combinations of varying levels of N, P2O5, K2O and FYM, remaining 3 plots as controls) and mungbean was grown as main crop. Results revealed the requirement of 6.72, 0.883, and 3.52 kg of N, P and K, respectively for producing one quintal of mungbean grain. Soil, FYM, fertilizer and fertilizer along with FYM contributed 28.06%, 5.94%, 113.22%, and 135.01% for N; 24.73%, 3.18%, 15.1%, and 18.85% for P; 13.19%, 7.21%, 39.52%, and 55.84% for K, respectively. This information is used to develop STCR based fertilizer prescription equations along with ready reckoners of fertilizer doses at different soil fertility levels and yield targets of mungbean for providing balanced fertilization. The maximum response of mungbean in terms of grain and protein yield was obtained with the application of 20:50:30 kg ha−1 N: P2O5: K2O, respectively.

Agronomic and Yield Performance of Maize-Mungbean Intercropping with Different Mungbean Seed Rates under Loamy Sand Soils of Cambodia

Increasing crop productivity through crop diversification under the same unit area has been considered as a way for sustainable intensification of cropping systems. This research was conducted on loamy sand soil at the Crop Research Station of Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) in Cambodia. The objective was to evaluate the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) crops and land-equivalent ratio (LER) of maize-mungbean intercropping system using different seed rates of mungbean at 0% (0 kg ha−1), 25% (10 kg ha−1), 50% (20 kg ha−1), 75% (30 kg ha−1), 100% (40 kg ha−1) of recommended rates. The experiment was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The agronomic traits and yield of both crops were measured at harvest. The weeds were removed three times to measure biomass. The results showed that there was no significant difference in agronomic traits and yield of maize under either maize-mungbean intercropping or maize monocropping irrespective of different mungbean seed rates. The highest mungbean seed rates as recommended did not decrease the growth and yield of intercropped maize. In contrast, the presence of mungbean in the intercropping suppressed weed growth significantly and the trend of weed biomass decreased with increasing mungbean seed rates. The intercropped mungbean grain yield decreased in comparison with monocropping mungbean. Overall, the land equivalent ratio (LER) was higher than 1 under the intercropping, showing its agronomic benefits, compared to monocropping. Therefore, maize-mungbean intercropping is a potential practice for improving productivity and managing weeds. Further research needs to be investigated under different ecological and social-economical niches to determine overall potential benefits and opportunities for scaling.

Influence of cultivation of secondary mung bean, soybean and oat crops on cotton yield and soil structure by different methods of tillage after winter wheat

This article provides information on the results of scientific research aimed at maintaining and increasing soil fertility in the country and in the world today, as well as ways to increase it, as well as the impact of organic fertilizers on soil fertility. The article presents evidence-based data on the study of the effect of soybean, mung bean and oat sowing in different ways with deep, medium and shallow tillage after harvesting winter wheat in conditions prone to wind erosion with low fertility, on the mechanical composition of light irrigated meadow saz, slightly saline soils for the number of bacteria accumulating nitrogen in the roots of legumes and root crop residues macroaggregates in the soil between the options increased by 0.1-10%, soil porosity by 0.6-1.5, humus content by 0.001-0.004%, total nitrogen by 0.005%, the content of nitrate nitrogen by 0.1-3.6 mg/kg. In the variants with row crops of soybean and mung bean after tillage to a depth of 30 cm after winter wheat, the yield of mung bean grain was 16.5 c/ha, and soybean 18.8 c/ha, where the mung bean yield was higher by 2.1 c/ha, and soybeans by 2.5 c/ha compared with chisel treatment to an average depth of 22-24 cm. tillage to a depth of 14-16 cm using a cultivator. With ordinary sowing, mung bean achieved a profitability of 48.1%, and soybeans 52.7%. When growing cotton next year against the background of row sowing of repeated crops of mung bean and soybeans with a plow to a depth of 30 cm after harvesting winter wheat, the yield from cotton sown after mung bean was 33.4 centners / ha, and after soybeans 34.2 centners / ha and the level of profitability increased by 39.5%.

Efficacy of Plant Derivatives in Protecting Mungbean Grains against Cowpea Weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) under Storage Conditions in Southern Bhutan

Food grains infestation by insect pests in stores is a severe challenge in food production around the globe, especially in wet and humid regions. In Bhutan, mung bean is commonly grown for consumption as a superior source of protein. However, severe cowpea weevil infestation is observed while in storage condition. Controlling with synthetic pesticides is associated with health risks due to toxic residues which intervene in safe and healthy protection methods. Protecting the grains in-store through organic approach is imperative for consumption and seed purposes. Some botanical plant extracts are known for their protective properties which need location-specific studies based on availability and suitability. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of eight treatments (Acorus calamus rhizome powder, mustard oil, garlic cloves, turmeric rhizome powder, wood ash, Vitex negundo leaf powder, super grain bag including untreated control) against cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) in mungbean under storage condition. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result revealed that the lowest mean number of grains perforated and percent grain perforated were recorded in grains treated with Acorus calamus rhizome powder (0.46 & 0.20 %) followed by mustard oil (1.05 & 0.47 %) and grains stored in super grain bag (5.74 & 2.49%), which were significantly lower (P<0.001) as compared to other treatments. The lowest number of adult cowpea weevils was also recorded in grains treated with Acorus calamus and mustard oil followed by grains stored in super grain bag. Germination percentage was found highest in wood ash followed by mustard oil, Acorus calamus and garlic-treated grains while the lowest was in super grain bag. Therefore, Acorus calamus rhizome powder and mustard oil were found to be effective in managing cowpea weevil without affecting seed germination and vigour.

Water relations and yield characteristics of mungbean as influenced by foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3)

Optimizing the dose and foliar application frequency of growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3) may play an important role in ensuring food security under changing climate scenarios by boosting grain yield of food legumes such as mungbean. A trial was conducted to evaluate the growth promoting effect of foliage applied gibberellic acid (GA3) at various spraying frequencies for mungbean crop. The employed treatments included four gibberellic acid levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) and two application frequencies (single spray at 30 days after sowing DAS, and two sprays at 30 and 40 DAS). Water relations, yield contributing characteristics and mungbean grain yield were among the response variables investigated. The research findings revealed that GA3(200 ppm applied twice at pre-flowering and post-flowering stages) significantly improved the water relations, morphological and yield attributes of mungbean. This treatment combination remained unmatched by producing the highest relative water content in the stem (85.52), water retention capacity in the stem (17.24), and water uptake capacity in the stem and leaf (2.35). Furthermore, the same treatment combination resulted in the maximum plant height (50.04 cm), pods per plant (11.07), pod length (6.62 cm), grains number per pod (11.00), 100-grains weight (3.78 g), grain yield per plant (4.57 g), and a minimum water saturation deficit. Thus, GA3foliage application at 200 ppm at 30 and 60 DAS has the potential to stimulate growth and increase the yield attributes and grain yield of mungbean. However, additional in-depth field trials with various doses of GA3sprayed at a higher frequency may be required before recommending GA3for general adoption to mungbean growers.

Results of the analytical study of the growth, development, grain yield and quality of Mung Bean (Rhaseo1is Aireis Piper) varieties under the conditions of grassy swampy soils

In this article was described the effect of the studied factors on the height and productivity of mung bean stalks and grain quality. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the growth of the varieties according to the planting period was 2.3-5.2 cm higher than the height of the stem when planted on June 20 and July 1 compared to the spring period. It was found that on June 20, the yield of the “Durdona” variety increased by 2.2-2.8 s/h compared to the spring planting period. In addition, planting dates and rates affect the protein content of mung bean grain, as the planting rate increases, the amount of protein decreases, and when repeated planting, the amount of protein in the variety “Navruz” is 1.7-1.0%, “ It was found that it increased by 0.3-0.5% in Durdona variety. Key words: mung bean, Asian bean, meadow-swampy soil, Navruz, Durdona, variety, podding, tuganak, stem, protein, productivity.

Primary Cleaning Machine for Small and Medium-Sized Mung Bean Grains for Farms and Peasant Farms

The article provides information on the current state of cultivation of mosh grain, technology and means of harvesting crops grown in Uzbekistan, the need to clean mosh grain. There is also information about the technological scheme of the primary cleaning machine, the experimental version, the results of economic tests, which divided the developed mosh grain into fractions.

Efficacy of Two-In-One Model Traps and Sun Drying against Callosobruchus Maculatus (F.) in Mungbean

Detection of insect infestations is essential for quality assurance and helps in locating insect infestations, for early diagnosis of low-level infestation and to ascertain the success of control measures. This study evaluates the efficacy of two-in-one model trap against cowpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in stored mungbean in six months of storage. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) developed two-in-one model traps were used. The observations on number of adult beetles trapped, % weight loss and grain damage were recorded at the end of each month, for six months. The results obtained conclude that use of one trap and sun drying of mungbean grains for five days is significantly effective in reducing the number of adult beetles. No weight loss and grain damage were recorded with this treatment, where only one trap/ container was used followed by sun drying for five days at the end of fourth month. Similar results were obtained up to six months. The % weight loss of 1.75 and 4.00% grain damage observed at the end of sixth month with one trap and three day sun drying of grains exhibit its efficacy.

Field co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. and Pseudomonas increases nutrients uptake of Vigna radiata L. from fertilized soil

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils limit plant growth. Consequently, chemical fertilizers are applied to fulfill crop nutrient demands. However, low nutrient utilization can make these fertilizers unprofitable for low-income smallholding farmers. Therefore, we studied the influence of Bradyrhizobium sp. and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas) on N and P utilization by mungbean crop from fertilized nutrient-deficient soil. We inoculated novel Bradyrhizobium sp. TAL-377 and Pseudomonas sp. 54RB strains alone or their combination with seeds of mungbean varieties (C-MUNG, NM-06, and NM-11). A basal dose of chemical fertilizers was applied at the rate of 60 kg N and 90 kg P ha−1 in the form of urea and single super phosphate in all plots before crop sowing. All inocula increased soil mineral N and P compared to control (P < 0.05). Co-inoculation increased mineral N by 30%, 18%, and 18% than Bradyrhizobium sp. alone and increase in P was 22, 29 and 43% than Pseudomonas sp. in C-MUNG, NM-06, and NM-11, respectively. This resulted in 35%, 45%, and 36% higher shoot N uptakes than Bradyrhizobium sp., and 46%, 84%, and 62% higher shoot P uptake than Pseudomonas sp. in the varieties. Similarly, root nodulation, mungbean grains, and biological yields were higher in co-inoculation treatments than single strain (p < .05). Hence, co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) is a vital strategy to increase mungbean growth, yield, N and P utilization from chemical fertilizers applied in nutrient-deficient soils.

Fortification of bioactive components in mung bean grains through germination and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells

Fortification of bioactive components in mung bean grains through germination and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells

Cara Tanam dan Pemupukan Tanaman Kacang Hijau di Lahan Kering Iklim Kering Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur

The intercropping method is one way to maximize plants and soil's utilization in a dry land. This study aimed to determine the cultivation (cropping methods and fertilization) that could increase mungbean grain yield in dry land in the dry climate of East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The experiment was conducted at dry land in a dry climate in Laipori Village, Pandawai District, East Sumba Regency in 2017. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot was a cropping pattern, namely (1) intercropping mungbean with maize. Mungbean plant spacing was 30 cm ´ 20 cm, two plants per hole, and maize plant spacing was (50 cm ´ 50 cm) ´ 120 cm, one plant/hole and (2) mungbean monoculture with a plant spacing of 40 cm ´ 10 cm, two plants/hole. The subplot was dosage and type of fertilizer, namely (1) 150 kg Phonska/ha, (2) 5000 kg cow manure/ha, and (3) 75 kg Phonska + 2500 kg cow manure/ha. The mungbean variety used was Vima 1, and the maize variety was Bima. The results showed that intercropping mungbean with maize could increase the yield of mungbean seeds yield by 0,28 t/ha (51,85%) and increase the mungbean biomass by 0,31 t/ha (22,30%) compared to the monoculture system. Different types and dosages of Phonska inorganic fertilizer and cow manure did not cause differences in the mungbean yield.&#x0D;

Effect of processing on the phenolics content and antioxidant properties of mung bean

AbstractBackground and objectivesHealth benefits of cereals depend not only on the intake levels but also on their processing methods and conditions. In this work, effects of processing treatments, including steaming, cooking, and roasting on the free and bound phenolics content and antioxidant properties of mung bean, were investigated.FindingsThe free phenolics content of mung bean significantly decreased (p &lt; .05), while the bound phenolics content significantly increased after processing. The loss in the free phenolics content was found to be greater after cooking, followed by steaming, and roasting. However, cooked mung bean samples showed greater bound phenolics content than that of steamed or roasted ones. Antioxidant activity of mung bean phenolics retained or even enhanced after processing depending processing method, duration, and temperature as well as phenolics type, that is, free and bound. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the free or bound phenolics content and antioxidant activity of mung bean.ConclusionsThe processing of whole mung bean grain resulted in the change of the composition content of phenolics and changed the antioxidant activity. It was feasible to maintain the active by adjusting the processing mode and conditions of grain.Significance and noveltyThe antioxidant activity modification promoted by the processing treatment could increase the potential applications of mung bean.

Genome-Wide SNP Identification and Association Mapping for Seed Mineral Concentration in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.).

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) quality is dependent on seed chemical composition, which in turn determines the benefits of its consumption for human health and nutrition. While mung bean is rich in a range of nutritional components, such as protein, carbohydrates and vitamins, it remains less well studied than other legume crops in terms of micronutrients. In addition, mung bean genomics and genetic resources are relatively sparse. The objectives of this research were three-fold, namely: to develop a genome-wide marker system for mung bean based on genotyping by sequencing (GBS), to evaluate diversity of mung beans available to breeders in the United States and finally, to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for nutrient concentrations based on a seven mineral analysis using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. All parts of our research were performed with 95 cultivated mung bean genotypes chosen from the USDA core collection representing accessions from 13 countries. Overall, we identified a total of 6,486 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the GBS dataset and found 43 marker × trait associations (MTAs) with calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, phosphorous, sulfur or zinc concentrations in mung bean grain produced in either of two consecutive years’ field experiments. The MTAs were scattered across 35 genomic regions explaining on average 22% of the variation for each seed nutrient in each year. Most of the gene regions provided valuable candidate loci to use in future breeding of new varieties of mung bean and further the understanding of genetic control of nutritional properties in the crop. Other SNPs identified in this study will serve as important resources to enable marker-assisted selection (MAS) for nutritional improvement in mung bean and to analyze cultivars of mung bean.

Effect of malting periods on the nutrient composition, antinutrient content and pasting properties of mungbean flour

Mungbean grain has great potentials for product development, being rich in protein and other nutrients. This study evaluated the effects of malting periods on the nutrient composition, antinutrient content and pasting properties of malted mungbean flour. Flour samples were produced form mungbean grain malted for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and assayed for proximate composition, selected mineral contents, vitamins A and B1, antinutrient contents, functional and pasting properties. Results showed that increasing the malting periods of mungbean grain significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased the protein, ash, fibre and mineral contents but decreased fat and carbohydrate contents of its flour. Oil absorption capacities increased while bulk density, swelling and water absorption capacity decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) with increasing time of malting. Extending time of malting gave flours with reduced antinutrient, peak, trough, final and setback viscosities and pasting time but higher pasting temperature compared to unmalted flour. The study has shown that malting period modifies the nutrient composition, antinutrient contents and functionality of mungbean flour differently and invariably may affect the performance of the flour in product development. Mungbean grain malted at 72 h gave flour with highest quality establishing its optimal malting period at 72 h.Keywords: malting, nutrient composition, ‘orarudi’, pasting-properties, mungbean

Evaluation of seed oil of Givotia moluccana against Callosobruchus chinensis L.

The seed oil of Givotia moluccana extracted using Soxtherm with petroleum ether (40 - 60°C) as solvent was analysed by gas chromatograph system equipped with flame ionization detector (FID) and MS/MS. Ten compounds, accounting for 97.6% of the oil, were identified and the main components were gamma linolenic acid (30.69%) and linoleic acid (27.99%). The oil exhibited 96.67 and 30% adult mortality against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis L. in 24 hr after treatment at 40 μl/5 g of mung bean when directly applied to the grains and in impregnated filter paper method, respectively. Adult mortality of 90% resulted in 72 hr in impregnated filter paper method. The LC50 values of the oil ranged from 13.70 to 24.20, 4.77 to 12.44, 1.05 to 9.65 ml/5 g at 24,48 and 72 hr, respectively when directly applied to the grains. When filter paper was impregnated with seed oil, LC50 values ranged from 110.48 to 1521.00, 15.95 to 57.27 and 3.67 to 18.02 ml/5 g at 24,48 and 72 hr, respectively with 95% fiducial limit in both the cases. It can be said that G. moluccana seed oil shows efficacy against C. chinensis and can be suggested for protection of mung bean grains and seeds.

YIELD AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUNG BEAN ACCORDING TO THE PLANT DENSITY

The study aimed to determine the optimal population density for mung bean crop by defining row spacing, and number of plants per meter. The experimental design was a randomized block with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme with four replications. Two row spacings (25 and 50 cm) were allocated in the plots, and six number of plants per meter (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 plants) were allocated in the subplots. The experimental units had 4.0 m long, and 2.5 m wide, with 4.0 m2 of useful area. In the useful area of plot, plant height, stem diameter, number of pods per plot, pod length, pod width, number of grains per pod, 100-pods weight, 100-grains weight, final plant population, and grain yield were evaluated. Plant height, pod length, pod width, number of grains per pod, and 100-pod weight were not influenced by row spacing and number of plants per meter. There was influence of significant interaction between the factors studied on 100-grains weight and final plant population. There was a significant effect only of number of plants per meter on stem diameter, number of pods per plot, and grain yield. The row spacing of 50 cm and 24 plants per meter increased mung bean grain yield, revealing itself as a strategy of gain in the grain yield of the crop.

Simulating Crop Productivity in a Triple Rotation in the Semi-arid Area of the Aral Sea Basin

Farmers face increased risks and vulnerability to the effects of climate change and land degradation on crop production due to the lack of information and impact assessment. This is especially true in the Khorezm, an irrigated agricultural region near the Aral Sea Basin (Uzbekistan) which represents eight million of irrigated land in Central Asia. Water scarcity requires research and introduction of alternative crops into a common winter wheat–cotton rotation. Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is considered as a drought-tolerant crop that could be implemented in Khorezm and other similar drought prone areas. The main objective of this study was modeling the triple rotation sequenced the winter wheat (WW), summer mung bean (MB) and cotton (C) as a single cropping system. Specific objectives were to (1) update the parameterization of the irrigated winter wheat and cotton modules in CropSyst to identify the key variables impacting the triple rotation (WW–MB–C) on overall crop yield; (2) to parameterize and validate the developed (CropSyst-based) model using controlled triple rotation data and (3) carry out scenario analyses to capture the influence of soil fertility levels and irrigation water shortage on crops growth, development and yields. The results revealed, for the first time, the impact of different soil-ecological factors such as high soil fertility (HSF) and low soil fertility (LSF) varying levels of irrigation water availability on crops in the triple crop rotation. Compared to LSF simulated yields of winter wheat and cotton under HSF were increased with 0.58 Mg ha−1 for WW grain and 0.21 Mg ha−1 for cotton while mung bean grain yields were not affected by different soil fertility levels. Scenario analyses showed the possibility of reduced (by 20%) irrigation for triple crop without the effect on yield. However, compared to full irrigation scenario, reduction of irrigation for 40 and 60% could decrease the rotation crops yields up to 33% and 40%, respectively. The developed model could be useful to increase the understanding of the nexus of food, energy and water in Khorezm and comparable regions of Central Asia, and to inform decision-making about sustainable use of available water resources.

An Economic Analysis of Mung Bean Seed Production Technology in Mau District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

The present study was based on primary data collected from 50 farmers from Mau district of Uttar Pradesh during the agricultural year 2017-18. The analysis of data shows that the ratio of fixed and variable cost in Mung bean seed production was 18:82. Human labour was the major component of cost (39.69 per cent of total cost) followed by machine labour (15.31 per cent), manures and fertilizers (7.54 per cent), irrigation (6.23 per cent), seed (4.77 per cent), plant protection chemicals (4.54 per cent) and seed certification charges (1.53 per cent). The total cost in seed production of Mung bean was Rs. 38547 per hectare. The gross return and net return was Rs. 56175 and Rs. 17628 per hectare respectively. The BC ratio was 1.46. The total cost of cultivation in Mung bean certified seed production was around 31.29 per cent higher than grain production while, gross return was about 49.80 per cent higher in seed production than grain production. Consequently, net return from seed production of Mung bean was 116.56 per cent higher than grain production. According to cost C2, cost of production of Mung bean grain and seed estimated to Rs. 3915 and Rs. 4591 per quintal. The return to the farmers on cost C2 was 27.71 and 45.72 per cent above cost of production for Mung bean grain and seed, respectively. Similarly, cost of production according to cost A2 and FL (Family Labour) of Mung bean grain and seed was estimated to be Rs. 3089 and Rs. 3852 per quintal. The return to the farmers on cost A2 and FL was 61.86 and 73.68 per cent above cost of production for Mung bean grain and seed, respectively. Production of Mung bean seed has resulted in higher profitability proposition for the farmers. The net return from Mung bean seed production was encouraging and the same may be popularized among farmers to increase area under Mung bean seed production and thus to enhance profitability to the farmers and also to ensure increased availability of quality seed to the farmers.

Antioxidant activity, mineral content and dietary fiber of grains

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, mineral content and dietary fiber of unprocessed and processed pearl millet, sorghum and mung bean grains. The methanolic extracts of different grains flours were analyzed for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. The samples were also evaluated for dietary fiber, mineral content and available mineral. The results indicated that the highest amount of total, soluble and insoluble dietary fibre content was present in mung bean. Maximum iron and zinc content was observed in unprocessed pearl millet whereas mung bean had highest amount of calcium content. Processing of grains improve the availability of minerals. Germinated mung bean showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content.