Results Of Multivariate Linear Regression Research Articles

Sad music depresses sad adolescents: A listener’s profile

This research explored both social context and personal characteristics in relation to being saddened by sad music when in a sad mood. Overall, 1686 respondents (aged 12–16 years; 44% female; 68% vocational training) answered questions about their background, social context (family climate, bullying issues), personal characteristics (depressive mood, self-esteem, social comparison style), and the degree to which they were saddened by listening to sad music. About 17% of the participants reported saddened mood as a consequence of listening to sad music when sad. Multivariate linear regression results revealed that female respondents and those who reported elevated levels of depressive mood and negative social comparison to peers were more likely to feel saddened. These young people further showed strained peer relations, as indicated by being bullied on social network sites and the Internet. Harsh family climate and low self-esteem correlated with the saddened mood-inducing effect of sad music, although they were not significant in multivariate analysis. This pattern of person and context relations with saddened mood was identical for girls and boys. Adolescents generally seek music that is mood-congruent; however, this research questioned whether adolescents with problems should dwell on music that reflects their unhappy state, as this may worsen their mood.

Effects of 8 weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training on muscle changes in postmenopausal women with different angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphisms of interest

The aim of the study was to explore the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and muscle adaptations to moderate-intensity resistance training in postmenopausal women. Forty healthy postmenopausal Chinese women (aged 53-66 years) were recruited and grouped by ACE I/D polymorphism (the homozygous deletion genotype [DD], n = 12; the I allele carriers [II/ID], n = 28). All participants performed an 8-week full-body resistance training program at moderate intensity with 15-repetition maximum. Upper- and lower-limb muscle mass, grip and back strength, anatomical cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris (ACSARF), isokinetic knee extension strength (MVCKE) and knee flexion strength were measured before and after training. Our results showed significant genotype × time interaction in ACSARF and MVCKE (P = 0.007 and P = 0.03, respectively) with the DD group having greater changes in corresponding parameters than the I-allele carriers (P = 0.012 and P = 0.018, respectively). Multivariate linear regression results showed that the ACE DD genotype was positively related to the grip strength adaptation (r = 0.48, P = 0.05). This study improves our understanding of the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and muscular responses to moderate intensity resistance training among postmenopausal women and revealed that the DD genotype has predominant adaptations in grip strength, rectus femoris size, and knee extensor strength.

Estimated glomerular filtration rate and arterial stiffness in Japanese population: a secondary analysis based on a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEvidence regarding the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and arterial stiffness is limited, and the data analysis is not sufficient to clarify the true relationship between the two. We aimed to investigate the relationship between eGFR and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Japanese.MethodsThe present study was a cross-sectional study. Nine hundred twelve Japanese men and women, aging 24—84 years old, received a health medical check-up program including the results from baPWV inspection and various standardized questionnaires in a health examination center in Japan. The main outcome measures included eGFR, baPWV, fatty liver and postmenopausal status. Abdominal ultrasonography was used to diagnose fatty liver. Postmenopausal state was defined as beginning 1 year after the cessation of menses.ResultsThe average age of the 912 selected participants was 51.5 ± 9.6 years old, and about 57.6% of them were male. The participants’ eGFR distribution was median 69.29 (min 39, max 122.28). The results of multivariate linear regression showed eGFR was not independently associated with baPWV after adjusting potential confounders (β = − 1.11, 95%CI -2.25 to 0.03), this is inconsistent with the result of eGFR (quartile) as a categorical variable (p for trend was 0.038). A non-linear relationship was detected between eGFR and baPWV, whose point was 77.05. The effect sizes and the confidence intervals of the left and right sides of inflection point were − 2.80 (− 4.41 to − 1.19) and 1.84 (− 0.50, 4.17), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed, the change in the elderly population is more pronounced (P for interaction = 0.018; − 2.83 with ≤60 year vs − 6.12 with > 60 year). The same trend was also seen in hypertensive people (P for interaction = 0.018; − 4.55 with hypertension vs − 0.82 with non-hypertension).ConclusionThe relationship between eGFR and baPWV is non-linear. eGFR was negatively related to baPWV when eGFR is less than 77.05.

Respiratory effects of occupational exposure to low concentration of hydrochloric acid among exposed workers: a case study in steel industry.

Occupational exposure to hydrochloric acid in pickling of steel for remove rust or iron oxide scale from iron processing occurs at low concentration. This study aimed to investigate the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary dysfunction caused by exposure to low concentration of hydrochloric acid in acid washing unit in one of the steel industries. A case control study was carried out in the acid washing unit of the cold rolling of the steel industry in 2017. The exposed group included 45 male workers, and another 41 unexposed employees from official employees were enrolled as control group. A questionnaire was used to collect personal and occupational data and pulmonary function tests, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second and peak expiratory flow rate followed guidelines given by the American Thoracic Society and measured with a portable calibrated vitalograph spirometer. For determination of acid concentration, 21 breathing zone air samples were collected in accordance with Method 7903 NIOSH. The findings showed that nose sensitivity, throat irritation and shortness of breath were the highest prevalence symptoms among exposed persons (30.4% to 32.6%). Also, the results showed that FVC and forced expiratory volume in the first second had highest and direct or positive correlation with height (0.965 and 0.927, respectively). Age and weight put in the next priorities (P < 0.01). On the other hand, based on the results of multivariate linear regression, exposing to the acid and job history are two main predictor factors for FVC. So that, the exposing to acid, by itself can reduce FVC as 4.386 units. This value is equal to 1.117 for the job history. Exposure to low concentrations of hydrochloric acid alone could increase the risk of respiratory tract damage and pulmonary function disorders. But the extent to which it can cause respiratory complications for occupational exposure is still unknown and requires further study. This study was approved by Ethical Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences (approval No. IR.MUQ.REC.1397.118) on November 6, 2018.

Abstract 17248: Statin Therapy Increases Coronary Artery Calcification Scores

Introduction: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) assessment is a noninvasive test to determine atherosclerotic burden. There has been a discordance with the well-known lipid lowering and cardiovascular protection of statins and the progression of CAC in small trials with narrow inclusion criteria. We performed a subgroup analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) dataset to assess the impact of statins on patients with a baseline CAC score of 0. Hypothesis: Statin usage will cause patients to have a higher CAC scores despite lowering LDL and reducing cardiac mortality. Methods: A subgroup analysis (3235 patients) was performed on the MESA dataset to identify patients with a CAC score of 0 at baseline. Statin usage and cholesterol values were reviewed at 4 examination points. Multivariate regression was performed. Results: The number of patients using statins (Table 1) and lipid levels (Table 2) increased throughout the study as expected for an aging population. A consistently larger increase in CAC score was noted in patients receiving statins; this difference was demonstrated in all stratified groups by Framingham score (Table 3). Table 4 shows the results of multivariate linear regression. Excluding gender, statins had the largest impact on CAC; more than any established cardiovascular risk factor. Conclusion: This large subgroup analysis of the MESA dataset demonstrates that statins are associated with increasing CAC score. While this is in contrast to the well-established cardiovascular protection of statin therapy, it adds to the growing literature that statin use is associated with progression of CAC, even in low risk patients with baseline CAC of 0. One hypothesis for this finding is that statins promote coronary atheroma calcification which ultimately results in plaque stabilization and less likelihood for progression to unstable plaques. It is therefore necessary for clinicians to take into account statins when interpreting CAC scores.

Association of coronary dominance with the severity of coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study in Shaanxi Province, China

ObjectiveTo investigate whether coronary artery dominance is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSingle-centre.ParticipantsBetween July 2015 and February 2017, 1654 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) were...

Multivariate linear regression model for source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals from different environmental media

The study evaluated source apportionment of heavy metals in vegetable samples from the potential sources of fertilizer, water and soil samples collected along the Changjiang River delta in China. The results showed that 25.72% of vegetable samples (Brassica chinensis L.) containing Pb, and Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn at relatively serious levels were from soil. Combined with principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), the results of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in different environmental media indicated that fertilizer, water and soil were the main sources of heavy metals in vegetables. The results of multivariate linear regression (MLR) using partition indexes (P) showed that fertilizer contributed to 38.5%, 40.56%, 46.01%, 53.34% and 65.25% of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contents in vegetables, respectively. In contrast, 44.58% of As, 32.57% of Hg and 32.83% of Pb in vegetables came from soil and 42.78% of Cd and 66.97% of Hg contents in vegetables came from the irrigation water. The results of PCA and CA verified that MLR using P was suitable for determining source apportionment in a vegetable. A health risk assessment was performed; As, Cd and Pb contributed to more than 75% of the total hazard quotient (THQ) values and total carcinogenic risk values (Risktotal) for adults and children through oral ingestion. More than 70% of the estimated THQ and Risktotal is contributed by water and fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary to increase efforts in screening limits/levels of heavy metals in fertilizer and irrigation water and prioritize appropriate pollution management strategies.

Former-preterm lambs have persistent alveolar simplification at 2 and 5 months corrected postnatal age.

Preterm birth and mechanical ventilation (MV) frequently lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the histopathological hallmark of which is alveolar simplification. How developmental immaturity and ongoing injury, repair, and remodeling impact completion of alveolar formation later in life is not known, in part because of lack of suitable animal models. We report a new model, using former-preterm lambs, to test the hypothesis that they will have persistent alveolar simplification later in life. Moderately preterm lambs (~85% gestation) were supported by MV for ~6 days before being transitioned from all respiratory support to become former-preterm lambs. Results are compared with term control lambs that were not ventilated, and between males (M) and females (F). Alveolar simplification was quantified morphometrically and stereologically at 2 mo (4 M, 4 F) or 5 mo (4 M, 6 F) corrected postnatal age (cPNA) compared with unventilated, age-matched term control lambs (4 M, 4 F per control group). These postnatal ages in sheep are equivalent to human postnatal ages of 1-2 yr and ~6 yr, respectively. Multivariable linear regression results showed that former-preterm lambs at 2 or 5 mo cPNA had significantly thicker distal airspace walls ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.009, respectively), lower volume density of secondary septa ( P < 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively), and lower radial alveolar count ( P < 0.003 and P < 0.020, respectively) compared with term control lambs. Sex-specific differences were not detected. We conclude that moderate preterm birth and MV for ~6 days impedes completion of alveolarization in former-preterm lambs. This new model provides the opportunity to identify underlying pathogenic mechanisms that may reveal treatment approaches.

Foods, Dietary Patterns and Occupational Class and Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Male Population.

Telomeres contain TTAGGG repetitive sequences and are located at the end of human chromosomes. Telomere dysfunction is associated with some age-related and chronic diseases, but its relationship with foods, dietary patterns, and occupational class in the young male population is not yet known. In this cross-sectional study, 300 healthy men, residents of Tehran, aged 25–40 years were enrolled from January to December 2016. We employed a cross-sectional study of 300 healthy people, residents of Tehran, aged 25-40 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain food intakes of all participants and converted into actual food intake (g/day). The principal components analysis was used to determine dietary patterns and other demographic characteristics. Leukocyte telomere length (TL) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure number of telomere repeat copy number (T) to the relative number of 36B4 copies (S) (T/S ratio). T/S in office-workers, waste recyclers, and other workers were 1.22 ± 0.4, 1.08 ± 0.3, and 1.094 ± 0.34, respectively. The results of multivariate linear regression adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking were showed that whole grains (β = 0.02; p = .05), refined grains, fruits and vegetables, fish and dairy products were associated with an increase in log-T/S, but consumption of nuts and seeds (β = −0.00072; p = .06), meats (β = −0.00043; p = .9), produced meats (β = −0.00238; p = .03), oils and solid fats (β = −0.00146; p = .03) had a negative relationship with log-T/S in all studied occupational classes. A positive relationship was reported between the healthy (β = 0.017; p = .2) and traditional dietary pattern (β = 0.012; p = .4) with log-T/S, but western pattern identified negative relationship (β = −0.004; p = .7). Adherence to a healthy (with consumption whole grains, refined grains, dairy, and cereals) and then traditional pattern with increased consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, fish and dairy products are necessary to prevent TL destruction in all studied occupational classes.

Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of steroid-induced hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies.

To determine prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of steroid-induced hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies METHODS: We performed retrospective analysis of patients who were hospitalized on any of the four hematology services or bone marrow transplant service and who received systemic steroids during a 2-month period. Mean glucoses for days 1-4 and maximum glucose were calculated and the total daily steroid dose was converted to equivalent dose of dexamethasone. Hyperglycemia was defined as any glucose >9.917 mmol/l during days 1-4. We examined associations between variables using Spearman's correlations and multivariable linear regression RESULTS: 168 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age was 57.1 ± 14.4 years with 59% males and 90% Caucasians. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 39%. Eight patients received intravenous insulin. In patients without diabetes, steroid dose equivalent to >12 mg dexamethasone and longer acting steroids caused greater degree of hyperglycemia compared to a dose <12 mg. Maximum glucose was a predictor of hospital length of stay among patients without diabetes (but not those with diabetes), and with acute leukemia or stem cell transplant (but not other hematologic malignancies). There were no significant differences in in mortality or other outcomes between the groups with and without hyperglycemia CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycemia is common in patients with hematologic malignancies, which require frequent corticosteroids. Higher steroid dose and long-acting steroids caused a greater degree of hyperglycemia. Maximum glucose was a predictor of length of stay but this was only significant for patients without diabetes, those with acute hematologic malignancy or stem cell transplant.

Awareness of Health Implications of Agrochemical Use: Effects on Maize Production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality, Ghana

This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. One hundred and fifty-four (154) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the municipality. The study used awareness indicators to estimate an index representing farmers’ awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use. An ordered logit compliment with multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the drivers of farmers’ awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. Also, a multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the effects of health implications of agrochemical use on maize output. On average, the respondents have the moderate awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use (0.578). The awareness level was significantly explained by education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals use, and farm size. The multivariate linear regression results showed that awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use increase maize output. It is therefore recommended that interventions aimed at increasing farmers’ awareness levels of health implications of agrochemicals use should focus on educating farmers through interactive radio discussion and training sessions on the field and incorporate safety use of agrochemical in our educational curriculum.

The nature of incoming graduate social work students' attitudes toward sexual minorities

ABSTRACTCompetent social work practice with sexual minorities requires educators to identify factors that can be addressed in the graduate social work curriculum to foster affirming attitudes among students. This study explored the attitudes incoming master of social work (MSW) students hold toward sexual minorities, utilizing a scale that addresses contemporary subtle biases toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, rather than overt, fear- and morality-based objections measured in previous studies. We explored the role of race/ethnicity, age, sex, sexual orientation, religiosity, political ideology, perceived biological causation of sexual orientation, and LGB social contacts on students' attitudes toward sexual minorities. Multivariable linear regression results suggest that being African American/Black (versus White), older, and heterosexual (versus sexual minority), and greater religiosity (importance of religion and frequency of service attendance) and conservative political ideology, predicted less affirming attitudes, while greater endorsement for genetic causation of sexual orientation and exposure to LGB friends and immediate family members each predicted more affirming attitudes among our sample.

Floors and Toilets: Association of Floors and Sanitation Practices with Fecal Contamination in Peruvian Amazon Peri-Urban Households.

Over two billion people worldwide lack access to an improved sanitation facility that adequately retains or treats feces. This results in the potential for fecal material containing enteric pathogens to contaminate the environment, including household floors. This study aimed to assess how floor type and sanitation practices impacted the concentration of fecal contamination on household floors. We sampled 189 floor surfaces within 63 households in a peri-urban community in Iquitos, Peru. All samples were analyzed for colony forming units (CFUs) of E.coli, and households were evaluated for their water, sanitation, and hygiene characteristics. Results of multivariate linear regression indicated that households with improved sanitation and cement floors in the kitchen area had reduced fecal contamination to those with unimproved sanitation and dirt floors (Beta: -1.18 log10 E.coli CFU/900 cm(2); 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.77, -0.60). Households that did not versus did share their sanitation facility also had less contaminated kitchen floors (Beta: -0.65 log10 E.coli CFU/900 cm(2); 95% CI: -1.15, -0.16). These findings suggest that the sanitation facilities of a home may impact the microbial load found on floors, contributing to the potential for household floors to serve as an indirect route of fecal pathogen transmission to children.

Consumer financial education and financial capability

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore potential effects of financial education on the financial capability of American consumers. Data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study were used to test the hypothesis that financial education is positively associated with financial capability. Four financial literacy and behaviour variables were used to form a financial capability index. Multivariate linear regression results showed that, after controlling for demographic and financial variables, respondents who ever received financial education had higher scores in all financial capability indicators (objective financial literacy, subjective financial literacy, desirable financial behaviour, perceived financial capability and the financial capability index). In addition, high school, college and workplace financial education variables showed positive associations with these financial capability indicators. Additional state comparison analyses provided evidence suggesting high school financial education may have direct impacts and spillover effects on consumer financial capability.

Effect of Massage Therapy on Duration of Labour: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Massage is an old technique that is widely used in childbirth and can decrease the childbirth pain by reducing the adrenaline and noradrenaline and increasing the endorphins and oxytocin and reduce the childbirth duration by increasing the uterine contractions. Therefore. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of massage therapy on the duration of labour. The present study was performed as randomized controlled clinical trial method on 100 pregnant women referred to maternity ward in Fatemieh Hospital, Shahroud. Subjects with inclusion criteria and who were interested to participate in the study were placed in one of the test or control groups based on pre-specified sequence. Questionnaires were completed in several stages. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and multivariate linear regression in SPSS-21software. In data analysis, p < 0.05 was considered significant. The results of multivariate linear regression showed that the duration of the first and second stage labour in the massage receiving group is significantly decreased compared to the test group (p= 0.004 and p= 0.02, respectively). In addition, the Apgar scores at minutes 1 and 5 in test group is significantly increased compared to control group (p <0.0001). The findings of this study showed that massage therapy during labour will lead to shortening of the first and second stage labour duration and improve Apgar scores at the first and fifth minutes. By shortening the duration of labour, pregnant women tend to have more normal vaginal delivery.

Direct Nitrous Oxide Emissions Related to Fertilizer-Nitrogen, Precipitation, and Soil Clay Fraction: Empirical Models

AbstractDirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (DNEs) from croplands are required in national inventories of greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines provide an approach using direct emission factors (EFds) to estimate DNEs, which are constants for large regions. The goal of this paper is to establish empirical models to account for the temporal and spatial variations of EFds, which, apart from the nitrogen addition rate, also vary with a range of environmental factors, so as to enhance the accuracy of regional/national DNE estimates. Therefore, the seasonal/annual DNEs (n = 71) from upland croplands, which are the differences in N2O emissions between fields with and without fertilizer-nitrogen addition, were used to statistically relate DNEs to regulating factors including the fertilizer-nitrogen addition rate (FN), and environmental (climate and soil) factors. The multivariate stepwise linear regression results showed positive combined effects of Fn and clay fracti...

The LGBQ Social Climate Matters: Policies, Protests, and Placards and Psychological Well-Being Among LGBQ Emerging Adults

Sexual minority youth, including emerging adults, are at risk for negative health outcomes. Minority stress theory posits that heterosexism can contribute to these outcomes among sexual minorities. Researchers have tested this theory with respect to interpersonal heterosexism; however, little attention has been given to macro-level and environmental forms of heterosexism, especially among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) youth. In this study, we examine the role of objective social climate (LGB state-level policies) and experiential distal and proximal environmental microaggressions on the psychological well-being of LGBQ emerging adults. Furthermore, we examine the role of LGBQ identity salience as a moderating factor on the macro/environmental-heterosexism and well-being relationship. Multivariable linear regression results suggest that living in a state without same-sex marriage laws is associated with greater self-esteem, whereas both distal and proximal environmental microaggressions are risk factors for anxiety and perceived stress. Furthermore, identity salience can ameliorate the effects of distal microaggressions and intensify the effects of proximal microaggressions and same-sex marriage legislation. Implications for practice with sexual minority youth are discussed.

INTERSECTING SELF-REPORTED MOBILITY AND GAIT SPEED TO CREATEA MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MEASURE OF AMBULATION: THE "AMBULATION SPEED-ENDURANCE" (ASE) TYPOLOGY.

Assessing mobility through readily available and affordable protocols may help advance public health by providing early detection and implementing intervention therapies aimed at mitigating the progression from physiological vitality to disability at older ages. Until now, little attention has been given to how self-reported mobility (SRM) and gait speed can be combined in a categorization scheme. The specific aim of this report is to introduce the Ambulation Speed-Endurance (ASE) Typology to the literature-a classification system that intersects SRM and gait speed to create a multi-dimensional measure of ambulation. Cross-sectional. Community-dwelling older adults in the United States. Evidence is provided from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) that community-dwelling older adults (n=5,403) may be found in each of the ASE Typologies. The discussion is complimented by investigating the cross-sectional predictors of a "Discrepancy Score" (measure of gap between speed and endurance) amongst those with gait speeds < 0.99 m/sec (n=4,521). Multivariable linear regression results indicate level of severity in speed-endurance discrepancy is higher amongst: non-Latino-Blacks (β=0.48); Latinos (β=0.42); older ages; and lower educated. Models also show that severity in speed-endurance discrepancy is lower amongst: females (β=-0.38); those with higher body mass index; with more chronic health conditions; and poorer self-rated health. Research should continue to investigate how to optimize SRM.

Exploring Factors Related to Oral Feeding Progression in Premature Infants

To identify infant and maternal characteristics associated with the pace of progression from the first oral feeding to complete oral feeding. One hundred forty-two stable premature infants who were fully or partially gavage feeding immediately after birth (29 to 34 weeks gestational age at birth). Exploratory secondary analysis. Data are from an ongoing randomized clinical trial of a developmental maternally administered intervention (Hospital to Home Transition-Optimizing Premature Infant's Environment) for mother-infant dyads at high social-environmental risk. Oral feeding progression (transition time from the first attempt to complete oral feeding). The convenience sample of preterm infants consisted of 48.6% male infants; the mean gestational age at birth was 32.4 weeks and mean birth weight 1787 g; and African American mothers (47.9%; n = 80) and Latina mothers (52.1%; n = 83). Multivariable linear regression results showed that, on average, the number of days for infants of Latina mothers to achieve complete oral feeding was 2.43 days more than for infants of African American mothers. In addition, lower birth weight and lower postmenstrual age at first oral feeding were associated with longer feeding progression. Higher infant morbidity was correlated with longer feeding progression. Infants with Latina mothers, lower birth weight, lower postmenstrual age at first oral feeding, and higher morbidity scores had a longer transition from first to complete oral feeding. Identification of infants at risk for delayed transition from first to complete oral feeding may allow for the development and testing of appropriate interventions that support the transition from gavage to complete oral feeding.

Correlates of medical nutrition therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes.

To examine whether the types of medical nutrition therapies (MNTs) taught to and used byyouth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) vary by sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. Cross-sectional study. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study is a population-based cohort of individuals with clinical diagnosed diabetes. A total of 1,191 individuals with T1D. Types of MNTs and frequency of use. Bivariate analysis and multivariate linear regression (P < .05) RESULTS: More race/ethnic minorities (vs whites), individuals with parents with less than a high school education (vs high school or higher education), and overweight/obese (vs underweight/normal weight) were taught additional MNTs. For underweight/normal weight individuals exclusively taught carbohydrate counting, those who used this approach "often" had lower hemoglobin A1c (8.6% vs 8.9%) and triglycerides (73.5 vs 84.1 mg/dL) than those who used it "sometimes/never." "Often" use of additional MNTs beyond carbohydrate counting was not associated with better mean values for CVD risk factors. In individuals with T1D, race/ethnic minorities, individuals with parents with less than a high school education, and overweight/obese individuals are taught more MNTs. Further research is needed to understand the effectiveness of the various MNTs on CVD risk factors, and to identify how to translate nutrition knowledge to behavior and metabolic status.