Multitude Of Phases Research Articles

Fate and PPARγ and STATs-driven effects of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor tebufenpyrad in liver cells revealed with multi-omics.

The biological effects of the pesticide and mitochondrial complex I inhibitor tebufenpyrad (TEBU) on liver cells were investigated by combining proteomics and metabolomics. Both cell culture media and cellular lysates were analyzed in dose-response and kinetic experiments on the HepaRG cell line. Responses were compared with those obtained on primary human and rat hepatocytes. A multitude of phase I and II metabolites (>80) mainly common to HepaRG cells and primary hepatocytes and an increase in metabolization enzymes were observed. Synthesis of mitochondrion and oxidative phosphorylation complex constituents, fatty acid oxidation, and cellular uptake of lipids were induced to compensate for complex I inhibition and the decrease in ATP intracellular contents caused by TEBU. Secretion of the 20S circulating proteasome and overall inhibition of acute inflammation followed by IL-6 secretion in later stages were observed in HepaRG cells. These effects were associated with a decrease in STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factor abundances, but with different kinetics. Based on identified TEBU targets, docking experiments, and nuclear receptor reporter assays, we concluded that liver cell response to TEBU is mediated by its interaction with the PPARγ transcription factor.

Redox dynamics of 2D crystalline vanadium oxide phases on high-index anatase facets.

Vanadium oxides exist in a multitude of phases with varying structure and stoichiometry. This abundance of phases can be extended through the use of other oxides as supports, and through redox treatments. However, the combined effects of different supports and redox treatments can be difficult to identify, particularly when present as different terminating facets on nanoparticles. Here, we examine structural dynamics of 2D vanadium oxides supported on anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, correlated with changes in oxidation state, using in situ transmission electron microscopy imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy. As the average oxidation state is reduced below V(IV), an ordered cubic V(II) phase is observed exclusively at the high-index {10l} facets of the support. This local accommodation of highly reduced states is necessary for explaining the observed range of average oxidation states. In turn, the findings show that oxidation states extending from V(V)-V(IV) to V(II) can be simultaneously stabilized by different supporting oxide surfaces during exposure to atmospheres with controlled redox potential.

Investigation of microstructure, hardness and residual stresses of wire and arc additive manufactured 6061 aluminium alloy

Wire and arc additive manufacturing cold metal transfer® enable the defect-free soldering of poorly weldable alloys, such as AA6061. Thin-walls have been successfully built with two deposition strategies that is either a back and forth movement of the torch (alternate deposition vectors) or a repeating movement along one direction (unidirectional deposition vectors). The obtained macro- and micro-structures are highly dependent on the WAAM process parameters and the deposition strategy. Both deposition strategies produce stacked structures consisting of successive alternating layers of columnar and equiaxial grains. The AA6061 alloy contains iron-rich intermetallic compounds and β-phase. The precipitates of the latter have been melted during the WAAM deposition process leading to an even higher hardness as compared to the commercial T6 material. At the nanoscale, Transmission Electron Microscopy analyses reveal β’ phase, β’’ phase and small dispersoids at T6 state, as well as a multitude of phases (L, Q’) in the studied material. It shows the coexistence of β’’- and β’- phases. The conventional T6 treatment applied to the WAAM material resulted in a slight over-ageing of this material. Neutron diffraction has been used for residual stress measurements showing tensile stresses (up to 130 MPa) in the built parts and compressive stresses (up to −80 MPa) in the substrate. Despite a difference between the generated microstructure (grain shape orientation and subsequent crystallographic texture) by the two building strategies, no significant variation has been observed on their mechanical properties.

Floquet conformal field theories with generally deformed Hamiltonians

In this work, we study non-equilibrium dynamics in Floquet conformal field theories (CFTs) in 1+1D, in which the driving Hamiltonian involves the energy-momentum density spatially modulated by an arbitrary smooth function. This generalizes earlier work which was restricted to the sine-square deformed type of Floquet Hamiltonians, operating within a \mathfrak{sl}_2𝔰𝔩2 sub-algebra. Here we show remarkably that the problem remains soluble in this generalized case which involves the full Virasoro algebra, based on a geometrical approach. It is found that the phase diagram is determined by the stroboscopic trajectories of operator evolution. The presence/absence of spatial fixed points in the operator evolution indicates that the driven CFT is in a heating/non-heating phase, in which the entanglement entropy grows/oscillates in time. Additionally, the heating regime is further subdivided into a multitude of phases, with different entanglement patterns and spatial distribution of energy-momentum density, which are characterized by the number of spatial fixed points. Phase transitions between these different heating phases can be achieved simply by changing the duration of application of the driving Hamiltonian. %In general, there are rich internal structures in the heating phase characterized by different numbers of spatial fixed points, which result in different entanglement patterns and distribution of energy-momentum density in space. %Interestingly, after each driving cycle, these spatial fixed points will shuffle to each other in the array, and come back to the original locations after pp (p\ge 1p≥1) driving cycles. We demonstrate the general features with concrete CFT examples and compare the results to lattice calculations and find remarkable agreement.

Discrete gauging in six dimensions

When n M5 branes coincide on an A type singularity, ℂ2/ℤk, there is a multitude of tensionless strings which arise in the spectrum. The low energy theory when all M5 branes are separated at the singularity is given by a linear quiver with parameters n and k. The theory has a multitude of phases, as many as partitions of n, each characterized by a different Higgs branch. Each such Higgs branch can be described by a Coulomb branch of a 3d mathcal{N}=4 quiver. For example, at finite coupling, when all branes are separated, the quiver has a bouquet of n U(1) nodes connected to a single node. There is a natural discrete non Abelian Sn global symmetry which acts in the theory by permuting n identical objects. It acts in particular on the Higgs branch at the above finite coupling phase. It is conjectured that at the coincident point this discrete Sn flavor symmetry is gauged, and at partial coincidence the corresponding subgroup of Sn is gauged. This elegant and simple effect solves several problems which are raised recently on the physics of multiple M5 branes on an A type singularity. Similar results on multitude of phases are concluded for a system of n M5 branes on an A type singularity next to an M9 plane.

Multitude of phases in correlated lattice fermion systems with spin-dependent disorder

The magnetic phases induced by the interplay between disorder acting only on particles with a given spin projection (‘spin-dependent disorder’) and a local repulsive interaction is explored. To this end the magnetic ground state phase diagram of the Hubbard model at half-filling is computed within dynamical mean-field theory combined with the geometric average over disorder, which is able to describe Anderson localization. Five distinct phases are identified: a ferromagnetically polarized metal, two types of insulators, and two types of spin-selective localized phases. The latter four phases possess different long-range order of the spins. The predicted phase diagram may be tested experimentally using cold fermions in optical lattices subject to spin-dependent random potentials.

Luna - zeița luminii nocturne

The Moon, the Night Owner, fascinated over time almost all civilizations on Earth; it is the one that strongly shines in the night, driving back the darkness. The changing appearance of the Moon in its multitude of phases has raised the interest and imagination since ancient times and has influenced the perception of time and space. The Moon was the base of calendar making, of cosmological mythology, oral and visual artistic creation. Moon signs and symbols were preserved in the Romanian people’s traditions and customs. The work includes some heritage from the Neolithic and Copper Age, in conjunction with popular beliefs and customs, as well as the scientific aspects of the Moon that illuminates the Earth and the Romanian soul.

The mesoscopic chiral metal-insulator transition

Sharp localization transitions of chiral edge states in disordered quantum wires subject to a strong magnetic field are shown to be driven by crossovers from two-to one-dimensional localization of bulk states. As a result, the two-terminal conductance is found to exhibit discontinuous transitions at zero temperature between exactly integer plateau values and zero, reminiscent of first-order phase transitions. We discuss the corresponding phase diagram. The spin of the electrons is shown to result in a multitude of phases when the spin degeneracy is raised by the Zeeman energy. The width of conductance plateaus is found to depend sensitively on the spin flip rate 1/τs.

Speckle intensity and phase gradients: influence on fringe quality in spatial phase shifting ESPI-systems

Spatial phase shifting (SPS) is a good method to exclude time-dependent phase variations from interferometric phase measurements, since the phase shifted data are acquired simultaneously but from different points. This leads to problems when SPS is applied to electronic speckle pattern interferometry. The speckled object wave contains a multitude of phase and intensity gradients that violate the assumption of constant object intensity and phase on adjacent data points, from which most phase reconstruction formulas are derived. Based on today's knowledge of second-order properties of speckle fields, some phase retrieval algorithms specially adapted to SPS are proposed that improve the phase maps obtained. Quantitative experimental results are given to estimate the amount of improvement.

Polarizations andp-T-phase diagram of bccd: Interpretation in terms of frustrated Ising models

Abstract The observed (pressure, temperature)-phase diagram of betaine-calciumchloride-dihydrate—which exhibits a multitude of phases—and the polarizations of these phases are discussed in terms of the ANNNI model with an improved matching to the crystal structure and of the Ising version of Chen & Walker's model. The experimentally observed shifts of the main phase boundaries under uniaxial pressure and upon substituting part of the Cl ions by Br are explained.