Multitude Of Paradigms Research Articles

Estimation of human body 3D pose for parent-infant interaction settings using azure Kinect and OpenPose

Automatic pose estimation has become a valuable tool for the study of human behavior, including dyadic interactions. It allows researchers to analyze the nuanced dynamics of interactions more effectively, and facilitates the integration of behavioral data with other modalities (EEG, etc.). However, many technical difficulties remain. Particularly, for parent-infant interactions, automatic pose estimation for infants is unpredictable; the immature proportions and smaller bodies of children may cause misdetections. OpenPose is one tool that has shown high performance in pose tracking from video, even in infants. However, OpenPose is limited to 2D (i.e., coordinates relative to the image space). This may be undesirable in a multitude of paradigms (e.g., naturalistic settings). We developed a method for expanding the functionality of OpenPose to 3D, tailored to parent-infant interaction paradigms. This method merges the estimations from OpenPose with the depth information from a depth camera to obtain a 3D pose that works even for young infants.•Video recordings of interactions of parents and infants are taken using a dual color-depth camera.•2D-positions of parents and their infants are estimated from the color video.•Using the depth camera, we transform the 2D estimations into real-world 3D positions, allowing movement analysis in full-3D space.

Does power increase attention to rewards? Examining the brain and behavior

The experience of power has been theorized to increase attention to rewards, but is that really the case? Although this is a widespread assumption, no study has directly investigated the effects of power on attention to rewards. Moreover, the studies that investigated the effects of power on behavior related to rewards did not dissociate rewards from possible alternative goals. This paper thus examined directly whether power increases individuals' attention to rewards while removing/dissociating rewards from possible alternative goals. Through seven studies that used a multitude of paradigms and methods (i.e., self-report, concept activation, mouse-tracking, and electroencephalography), our results provide little support for the hypothesis that psychological power increases attention to rewards. Our main results are complemented with Bayesian analyses and a meta-analysis across studies. The findings of this paper are highly relevant to people seeking to explain the link between power and unethical behavior, where increased attention to rewards is thought to play a role. Our results suggest that other possible mechanisms need to be explored to determine the driver behind the actions of the powerful.

European integration and economic methodology and research: Questions and speculations

This paper will discuss the role of methodology in connection with different theoretical approaches. It is shown that a multitude of paradigms is appropriate when dealing with complex developments such as integration. The question is raised whether it makes sense to discuss a special European approach. Divergent views exist, but some differences between a European and an American tradition seem to exist due to a continent-wide competition among U.S. economists and a more fragmented European scene. Closer integration and academic cooperation in Europe could result in a more unified research environment resembling the U.S. picture. However, the role of language differences must not be overlooked and can contribute to a continuing diversification.