Multistage Treatment Research Articles

A novel multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel orchestrates the macrophage reprogramming-osteogenesis crosstalk to boost bone defect repair

Repairing bone defects is a complex cascade reaction process, as immune system regulation, vascular growth, and osteogenic differentiation are essential. Thus, developing a tissue-engineered biomaterial that caters to the complex healing process of bone regeneration remains a major clinical challenge. In the study, Ca2+-TA-rGO (CTAG)/GelMA hydrogels were synthesized by binding Ca2+ using metal chelation to graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets reduced by tannic acid (TA-rGO) and doping them into gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels. TA and rGO exhibited biocompatibility and immunomodulatory properties in this composite, while Ca2+ promoted bone formation and angiogenesis. This novel nanocomposite hydrogel demonstrated good mechanical properties, degradability, and conductivity, and it could achieve slow Ca2+ release during bone regeneration. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that CTAG/GelMA hydrogel modulated macrophage reprogramming and induced a shift from macrophages to healing-promoting M2 macrophages during the inflammatory phase, promoted vascular neovascularization, and facilitated osteoblast differentiation during bone formation. Moreover, CTAG/GelMA hydrogel could downregulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, offering new insights into regulating macrophage reprogramming-osteogenic crosstalk. Conclusively, this novel multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel provides a multistage treatment for bone and orchestrates macrophage reprogramming-osteogenic crosstalk to boost bone repair.Graphical

Structure of Medication Therapy in Patients with Complex Hand Bone Fractures in Kyrgyz Republic

This article analyzes the structure of medication therapy in patients with complex hand bone fractures in the Kyrgyz Republic. Complex hand fractures are common injuries requiring a multi-stage treatment approach, including surgery, immobilization, and adequate medication therapy. The article examines various therapeutic regimens used at different stages of treatment: the first-line therapy includes analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, the second-line therapy adds hormonal medications and tissue regeneration stimulants, and alternative methods incorporate biologically active agents and physiotherapy. Effectiveness was evaluated based on clinical indicators such as pain level, bone healing rate, complication frequency, and restoration of hand function. The article also discusses gender-specific differences in therapeutic approaches, necessitating the consideration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in men and women. This study highlights the need for the development of standardized treatment protocols adapted to local healthcare conditions to improve treatment efficacy and reduce complications.

Vacuum-assisted laparostomy for peritonitis, abdominal sepsis and severe abdominal injury: methodology and practical aspects

One of the modern methods of multi-stage treatment of patients with widespread peritonitis, abdominal sepsis and abdominal injuries is vacuum-assisted laparostomy. Aim: the methodology and practical aspects of the clinical use of vacuum-assisted laparostomy in the treatment of generalized peritonitis, abdominal sepsis and abdominal trauma are presented. A detailed illustrated description of the vacuum-assisted laparostomy technique is provided with the step-by-step implementation of all necessary procedures in patients with widespread peritonitis, abdominal sepsis and abdominal injuries. The attention of surgeons is drawn to important technical aspects of performing this technique to increase its safety and effectiveness.

Environmentally sound geotechnologies for leaching metals from polymetallic ore processing wastes and wastewater

Global challenges (increased consumption of georesources, climatic changes, limited reserves) increase the relevance of the problems of growing waste accumulation and environmentally-sound modernization of mineral extraction. In this regard, the existing approaches to the design of geotechnologies for metal mining need to be improved based on a concept of so-called circulation waste management and ecologization of technological processes. The paper is devoted to the issue of formation of conceptual bases and directions of ecologization of geotechnologies at leaching metals from polymetallic ore processing wastes and wastewater. The study presents recommendations for improving in-situ leaching of ores in blocks, allowing to determine the optimal conditions for increasing the completeness of subsoil use and reducing environmental damage. It was revealed that at metal extraction with solution circulation through brine chambers the content of Na, Cl, SO4 and Ca ions in dialysate was low, while without circulation through brine, it significantly exceeded corresponding MPCs. This proves the fundamental feasibility of controlling natural leaching processes by enhancing the oxidizing potential of natural solvents through the addition of industrial oxidizing agents. It was found that increasing the duration of agitation leaching (both with and without mechanoactivation) leads to a uniform expansion of the local maximums of Pb yield from the pulp when the minimum NaCl concentration decreases from 11–12 to 7% at H2SO4 concentration of 0.6%. One of key results of the study is justifying the expansion of the use of disintegrators to realize targeted activation of tailings. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the proved feasibility of optimizing the flow sheet of electrochemical extraction of metals from wastewater on the basis of the obtained regularities of the use of brine circulation through brine chambers. In addition, the totality of the obtained results of using a disintegrator for reextraction of lead from geomaterials will allow developing a methodology for calculating the parameters of mechanoactivation action to increase the degree of metal recovery from the tailings of North Ossetia-Alania’s (Zgidskoe, Sadonskoe, Arkhonskoe deposits) polymetallic ores beneficiation. The most promising way for further research is to substantiate methods of using underground space for complete removal of wastes (wastewater and tailings) after their multistage treatment.

Design method of multi-stage air treatment system with circulating air for high efficiency in year-round working conditions

Owing to the large temperature rise/drop during the fresh air treatment process, the multi-stage treatment systems for fresh air have good energy-saving effects. However, the energy-saving potential of multi-stage treatment systems for circulating air and the design of a multi-stage circulating air treatment (MCAT) system that operates efficiently under variable conditions throughout the year remain unclear. Therefore, this study proposed a multi-condition design method to ensure the annual energy-efficient operation of the circulating air system. Firstly, the appropriate number of air treatment stages (NUM) and heat transfer temperature difference between air and water (Δt) for each single condition are determined and an appropriate heat transfer area is obtained. Subsequently, an MCAT system suitable for multiple working conditions throughout the year is designed by searching for the common values of the appropriate heat transfer area per stage. Finally, three types of buildings and six cities located in different climate zones are selected to explore the adaptability of the appropriate Δt. The results show that (1) for each single working condition, the appropriate ranges of NUM and Δt are 1–2 and 2–6 °C respectively, which can keep the system energy consumption at a low level. (2) There is generally a common range for multiple heat transfer areas per stage designed under different working conditions, and an MCAT system designed based on this common range can achieve energy-efficient operation under multiple annual conditions. (3) In an office building in Beijing, compared to the traditional one-stage air treatment system, the maximum and the annual average energy-saving rates of the MACT system designed based on the multi-condition design method are 16.1 % and 6.3 %, respectively.

A multistage treatment strategy for inflammatory complications following a multisite femur fracture in polytrauma. A case report

Various methods for treating long bone fractures present promising therapeutic possibilities. In the case presented, particular emphasis was placed on the significant effectiveness of local antibiotic administration combined with bone autografts. The complexity of the injury in 23-year-old patient with multifragmentation of the femur, compounded by infection, necessitated a multistage treatment approach.

Multistage treatment of newborns and infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a new approach to the condition assessment throughout the hospital and interstage periods (a case series)

Multistage treatment of newborns and infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a new approach to the condition assessment throughout the hospital and interstage periods (a case series)

EVALUATING WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF MEDICAL CENTERS IN BINH DUONG PROVINCE

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the wastewater management system implemented at a medical center located within the Bau Bang Industrial Park in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. With a staff of 166 and 60 beds, the facility operates in accordance with TCVN 4470:2012 General Hospital design standards, serving a diverse range of water demands including domestic, medical, and auxiliary requirements. The wastewater management system is meticulously designed to handle both rainwater and wastewater separately. Rainwater is efficiently collected through surface and roof drainage networks, while domestic and medical wastewater undergo discrete collection processes. The medical center's wastewater treatment facility, operating at a capacity of 100 m³/day, employs a multistage treatment process to ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column B, K = 1). This process includes preliminary treatment, anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, membrane filtration, and disinfection. The facility consistently meets quality parameters outlined in QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, exhibiting effective removal rates for organic pollutants, suspended solids, ammonia, phosphates, and pathogens. Furthermore, the medical center demonstrates commendable environmental stewardship through its stormwater drainage infrastructure, which integrates seamlessly with the local drainage network, safeguarding against environmental contamination. Overall, the wastewater management practices at the medical center exemplify best practices in environmental management within the healthcare sector. This study provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of wastewater treatment systems in industrial settings, contributing to the global discourse on sustainable wastewater management practices.

Effect of Mn2+ on RO membrane organic fouling: Insights into the complexation and interfacial interaction

RO process is commonly used to treat and reuse manganese-containing industrial wastewater. Nevertheless, even after undergoing multi-stage treatment, the secondary biochemical effluent still exhibits a high concentration of Mn2+ coupled with organics entering the RO system, leading to membrane fouling. In this work, we systematically analyze the RO membrane organic fouling processes and mechanisms, considering the coexistence of Mn2+ with humic acid (HA), sodium alginate (SA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and their mixtures (HBS). The impact of Mn2+ on membrane fouling was HBS > SA > HA > BSA, controlling polysaccharide pollutant concentrations should be a priority for mitigating membrane fouling. In the presence of Mn2+ with HA, SA, or HBS, membrane fouling is primarily attributed to the complexation of organics and Mn2+ and the facilitation of interfacial interaction energy. RO membrane BSA fouling was not directly affected by Mn2+, the addition of Mn2+ induced a salting-out effect, leading to the deposition of BSA in a single molecular on the membrane. Simultaneously, adhesion energy hinders the deposition of BSA on the membrane, resulting in milder membrane fouling. This study provided the theoretical basis and suggestions for RO membrane organic fouling control in the presence of Mn2+.

Mathematical modelling of the impacts of syphilis multi-stage treatments

Mathematical modelling of the impacts of syphilis multi-stage treatments

Reduction of organic contaminants from industrial effluent using the advanced oxidation process, chemical coagulation, and green nanotechnology

Municipal wastewater treatment systems use the chemical oxygen demand test (COD) to identify organic contaminants in industrial effluents that impede treatment due to their high concentration. This study reduced the COD levels in tannery wastewater using a multistage treatment process that included Fenton oxidation, chemical coagulation, and nanotechnology based on a synthetic soluble COD standard solution. At an acidic pH of 5, Fenton oxidation reduces the COD concentration by approximately 79%. It achieves this by combining 10 mL/L of H2O2 and 0.1 g/L of FeCl2. Furthermore, the author selected the FeCl3 coagulant for the coagulation process based on the best results of comparisons between different coagulants. At pH 8.5, the coagulation dose of 0.15 g/L achieved the maximum COD removal efficiency of approximately 56.7%. Finally, nano bimetallic Fe/Cu was used to complete the degradation and adsorption of the remaining organic pollutants. The XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses proved the formation of Fe/Cu nanoparticles. A dose of 0.09 g/L Fe/Cu NPs, 30 min of contact time, and a stirring rate of 200 rpm achieve a maximum removal efficiency of about 93% of COD at pH 7.5. The kinetics studies were analyzed using pseudo-first-order P.F.O., pseudo-second-order P.S.O., and intraparticle diffusion models. The P.S.O. showed the best fit among the kinetic models, with an R2 of 0.998. Finally, the authors recommended that technique for highly contaminated industrial effluents treatment for agriculture or industrial purposes.

Capacitive deionization technology with multi-stage treatment as an efficient desalination process for agricultural irrigation

Novel capacitive deionization (CDI) technology is recognized as a cheap desalination method and holds a promise to be deployed in low-profit fields such as agricultural and municipal works. In this study, the application feasibility of CDI technology in agricultural irrigation is thoroughly investigated. The desalination performance of three operation methods (“low flow rate”, “high applied voltage”, and “two-stage treatment”) are compared for treating artificial brackish water of 2000 mg L−1 to a set desalination target (600 mg L−1). Among these three methods, “two-stage treatment” overwhelms the other two methods regarding several desalination indicators, achieving a decent productivity (1.5 L h−1 m−2) with a small energy input of 1.4 kWh m−3. The modified Donnan model indicates that energy dissipation is mitigated in a high flow rate adopted in two-stage treatment, and meantime a high desalination capacity and a good charge efficiency are achieved. In addition, desalinated water with a salt concentration gradient is produced by the CDI module for tomato seedlings irrigation. Compared with the tomato seedlings irrigated by feedwater (2000 mg L−1), the total length and the biomass weight of those irrigated by desalinated water of 300 mg L−1 increase 51.1 % and 119.8 %, respectively. The research accomplishes a proof-of-concept of the agricultural application of CDI technology, and provides reliable data as the foundation for its future practical operation.

Surgical treatment of secondary glaucoma in comorbid pathology with subsequent penetrating keratoplasty (case study)

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effect of surgical treatment of secondary glaucoma with subsequent end-to-end keratoplasty in a patient with aphakia, operated retinal detachment and condition after intrastromal keratoplasty.METHODS. A patient with secondary refractory glaucoma against the background of aphakia, a biopolymer implant in the corneal stroma, an inflammatory reaction to multiple surgical interventions (formation of anterior synechiae), operated retinal detachment was examined in the S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" in Moscow. The following treatment was performed: implantation of Ahmed valve drainage and pene-trating keratoplasty with implant removal.RESULTS. On the second day after implantation of Ahmed valve drainage on the right eye, intraocular pressure was normal in palpatory examination, the drainage tube in the anterior chamber was in the correct position. Three months after the operation, there were no complaints, intraocular pressure was normal in palpatory examination, there was a decrease in corneal edema. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed four months after the implantation of Ahmed valve drainage. On the second day after the operation, hypotension was noted with palpatory measurement of intraocular pressure, which persisted for five days. At patient discharge, the graft was adapted, the sutures were consistent, normal pressure with palpatory examination. During the observation period of up to three months, visual acuity increased to 0.1.CONCLUSION. To prolong the hypotensive effect and minimize intra- and postoperative complications in order to achieve the highest possible visual functions before performing optical reconstructive surgery, it is advisable to perform an anti-glaucoma intervention. In secondary refractory glaucoma caused by various factors, the choice of surgical treatment is always individual and depends on the severity of anatomical changes, the experience and capabilities of the surgeon, and often requires multi-stage treatment with continuous observation.

Application of zone classification in multiple intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment strategies

BackgroundThe options of surgical approach and treatment stage are two challenging treatment strategy issues with multiple intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (MIA-SAH). MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients with MIA-SAH who underwent surgery in our center between January 1, 2014 and September 1, 2022. To define “zone classification”, the cranial cavity was divided into four zones by the planes of cerebral falx and tentorium cerebelli. Aneurysms isolated to one zone were defined as zone classification I; those crossing two zones were defined as zone classification II; those crossing three zones were defined as zone classification III; and those crossing four zones were defined as zone classification IV. General and aneurysmal-related characteristics of patients with different zone classifications were collected and compared between two surgical approaches. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with multistage treatment options. ResultsA total of 226 patients with 523 aneurysms were included. The proportion of patients undergoing endovascular treatment increased with higher zone classification (I: 85.4%; II: 94.0%; III: 100.0%; IV: 100.0%). The proportion of patients receiving one-stage treatment decreased with higher zone classification (I: 60.2%; II: 33.6%; III: 0.0%; IV: 0.0%). Compared with patients undergoing microsurgical clipping, more patients undergoing endovascular treatment had zone classification II–IV (56.9% vs. 31.8%, p = 0.025). Zone classification II–IV (odds ratio [OR] = 3.821, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.041–7.154, p < 0.001), endovascular treatment (OR = 8.756, 95% CI: 2.589–29.609, p < 0.001), and size of all unruptured aneurysms <3 mm (OR = 4.531, 95% CI: 2.315–8.871, p < 0.001) were each independently associated with multistage treatment. ConclusionsZone classification provides a new idea in MIA-SAH treatment strategies, especially regarding surgical approach and treatment stage options.

Drainage methods in patients with unformed intestinal fistulas during the preparation to the surgical treatment

The aim of the study is to analyze the data of the modern foreign and domestic literature on intestinal fistulas, including high unformed small intestinal fistulas, their classification, treatment methods, drainage methods, their types and effectiveness. Research method: the search in the elibrary, CyberLeninka, PubMed and SpringerLink databases. Intestinal fistulas, often found in the surgical practice, appear due to a number of reasons (errors in the surgical technique and conservative treatment, tactical errors, the presence of severe concomitant diseases, etc.) and present a high-risk factor for death. Clinically, intestinal fistulas can differ depending on their localization, etiology, morphology, function, complications, etc., that causes certain difficulties in choosing the treatment method and reduces its success. Special attention is paid to high unformed small intestinal fistulas, which are accompanied by pronounced impairment of the body's homeostasis system, on the one hand, and the need for a multi-stage treatment, on the other hand. The treatment regimen for high unformed small intestinal fistulas includes both conservative and surgical approaches. The conservative method of treatment includes an intensive infusion therapy, control of the source of infectious complications, reduction of irretrievable losses, nutritional therapy, and a local treatment, which consists in protecting the tissues from the aggressive intestinal content and various methods of adequate drainage of the wound. The drainage methods used for intestinal fistulas differ depending on the principle of their operation, the surgical drain material, the configuration of the wound, the fistula morphology, the number of fistulas, etc. Active and vacuum methods seem to be used most frequently and efficiently in the local treatment of high unformed small intestinal fistulas. So far, according to the (very limited) modern literature, there has been a diversity in the effectiveness of the drainage treatment approaches in patients with high unformed small intestinal fistulas, thus, further studies are needed to study and evaluate their pathogenetic role and effectiveness.

Comprehensive management of Pindborg tumor in childhood: a case report

Relevance. The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, also known as Pindborg tumor, is a locally aggressive neoplasm characterized by strands and medullary formations of flat and clear cells, often accompanied by spherical calcifications and amyloid-stained hyaline deposits. The Pindborg tumor is rare, representing less than 1% of odontogenic tumors, and typically manifests in individuals aged 20 to 60 years. However, there is a growing incidence of neoplasms of diverse origins in childhood. This article presents a clinical case detailing the comprehensive multi-stage treatment of a pediatric patient with a Pindborg tumor, facilitating complete rehabilitation before reaching adulthood.Clinical case description. This article presents a clinical case detailing the comprehensive management of a patient with a Pindborg tumor. The individual initially sought treatment at the Department of Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery of A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University in 2020, undergoing complete combined treatment until November 2023. Full rehabilitation was successfully achieved by the time of adulthood through a series of four consecutive surgeries, including dental implantation, followed by prosthetics utilizing a non-removable orthopedic structure in the final stage.Conclusion. Initiating comprehensive rehabilitation at an early stage, including dental implantation before reaching adulthood, facilitates complete social adaptation in society and contributes to the patient's harmonious development.

Homoeopathy in Cervical Cancer

Population growth is related to high fertility rates, thus grading multiparous women in the risk zone of cervical cancer.Cervical cancer is a chronic phenomenon of cervical erosion. Following that the body goes through is the Human Papilloma Virusinfection, which becomes the main reason for cervical cancer. The review article deals with the status of cervical cancer at theglobal level, followed by the situation in India. Further, the article discusses the role and status of HPV vaccines globally andnationally. The role of homeopathy of the Ministry of AYUSH of India in cervical cancer is discussed in the later section of thearticle. Here, it is proposed that a multi-stage treatment protocol based on therapeutics in homoeopathic materia medica will bean effective tool. The article's focus on homeopathy as the therapeutic system which can cover masses through its properties likecost effectiveness, therapeutic effectiveness, and less side effects.

Pelvic AVM Embolization: A Tricky Affair-Multicenter Retrospective Experience.

Pelvic arteriovenous malformations (pAVMs) are congenital or acquired vascular anomalies, presenting with hematuria, menometrorrhagia, pelvic pain, and varices; they can be life-threatening in case of rupture. Surgical therapies have been proposed but endovascular embolization has been recognized as the primary modality. The aim of this article was to report a retrospective multicenter experience concerning embolization of pelvic AVMs and provide literature overview. We describe 18 patients (14 female and 4 male) diagnosed with pAVM and treated with minimally invasive methods. The pre-procedural imaging evaluation was based on transpelvic and/or transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance. In 3 cases, the malformation was congenital and in other 15, acquired. Most common symptoms were menometrorrhagia, hematuria, pelvic pain and pressure, and heaviness in the lower abdominal region. In 10 cases (56%), only 1 procedure was required. Eight patients underwent multistage treatment. Complete occlusion of the lesion in post-procedural angiography was observed in 12 patients (67%). No major periprocedural complications were observed. In 14 cases (78%), both satisfactory embolization and significant clinical improvement was achieved in long-term follow-up. Sixteen patients (88%) were at least satisfied with the clinical outcome. One patient reported subsequent successful pregnancy 5 years after the treatment. Hemodynamics of pAVM are variable and thorough understanding of the vessel anatomy is crucial in planning and choosing proper treatment. Both transarterial and percutaneous direct puncture embolization strategies appear safe, technically feasible, and clinically effective. In this manuscript, we discuss the role of interventional radiology methods in the treatment of pelvic arteriovenous malformations along with its advantages, limitations and possible complications. In addition to this, we review the current literature and confront our findings with those made by other authors. We believe that modern endovascular methods offer safe and reliable alternative for traditional surgical therapy and should be therefore considered during multidisciplinary treatment of these patients.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER OF ELECTROPLATE PRODUCTION

More and more attention is being paid to energy and resource efficiency issues, which is why for existing technological processes the solution of optimization problems comes to the fore in order to optimize material costs. No less important is the assessment of the human resource, as well a minimizing the possibility of errors at the stage of making a decision on the implementation / design of new processes. It is the environmental sphere that is associated with a high degree of investment risks and requires a careful approach to justifying the introduction of environmental technologies. As part of the work done, the concept of automated decision making was proposed and an economic and mathematical model was developed for solving the optimization problem for choosing a technology or equipment for wastewater treatment systems of an enterprise using the example of electrochemical enterprises (electroplating production) at the stage of justifying investments. As the main tool for processing input data, it is proposed to use software systems based on the use of partial-integer linear programming methods. As input parameters of the system, the initial concentrations of pollutants, volume flow and the required cleaning efficiency are selected. The main technologies for the treatment and neutralization of wastewater from galvanic production, which are currently used or included in the list of the best available technologies, are presented, and a model is proposed that allows the choice of methods and instrumentation for multi-stage treatment processes to achieve the required quality of discharged water with minimal integral costs for the creation and operation of the designed system. The proposed mathematical model can be used both as a training tool for training specialists in water treatment, and for management personnel in the process of selecting and justifying environmental protection measures or at the stage of supervision of equipment suppliers.

Prediction of sump oil growth rate towards gravitational settling of produced water in oilfield based on machine learning

Gravitational settling is crucial for treating produced water, and its efficiency affects the separation in multi-stage treatment processes. Due to complex water properties and thickening upper oil layer during the settling process, sump oil recovery in appropriate time is essential to avoid secondary pollution of separated water and recover oil resources. This paper constructs and analyzes the dataset of sump oil recovery for produced water separation. It is determined that the factors affecting the sump oil growth are oil content, daily processing capacity, polymer concentration, and suspended solids content. The produced water of water-flooding, polymer-flooding, and ASP-flooding, with average oil contents of 0.03893, 0.20072, and 0.05387, respectively, is carried out to train the prediction model for the sump oil growth rate. It is indicated that for actual settling tanks with cross-sectional areas ranging from 100 m2 to 900 m2 and daily processing capacity range from 5000 m3 to 30000 m3, the sump oil growth rate for produced water of water-flooding, polymer-flooding, and ASP-flooding are distributed in the ranges of 0.1094 m/day to 2.5206 m/day, 0.0309 m/day to 0.7524 m/day, and 0.0505 m/day to 1.8764 m/day, respectively. The predicted results are consistent with actual operation.