Multiset Research Articles

Directional Overcurrent Relays Coordination Restoration by Reducing Minimum Fault Current Limiter Impedance

FCL (fault current limiter) is used to solve relays miscoordination problem arises from DG (distributed generation) installation. In most published researches, different optimization methods are developed to obtain optimal relay settings to achieve coordination in case of not installing DG, then depending on the achieved optimal obtained relay settings, FCL impedance is deduced to ensure relays coordination restoration in case of installing DG. Based on original optimal relay settings, obtained FCL impedance is not the minimum one required to achieve relay coordination. The contribution of this paper is the generation of multi sets of original relay settings that increase the possibility of finding FCL impedance of minimum value which is lower than the calculated value based on original optimal relay settings. The proposed method achieves better economic target by reducing FCL impedance. The proposed approach is implemented and tested on IEEE-39 bus test system.

Capturing protein folding-relevant topology via absolute contact order variants

Absolute contact order is one of the simplest parameters used to predict protein folding rates. Many variants of contact order (CO) have been applied to highlight different aspects of contact neighborhoods and their relationship to folding. However, a systematic study of the influence of CO variants on correlation with folding rate has not been performed for a large combined set of multi- and two-state proteins. We explore different contact neighborhoods and resulting CO by varying the distance thresholds and weighting of sequence separation for heavy atom and residue-based counting methods for a set of 136 proteins diverse across folding and structural classes. We examine the changes in contact neighborhoods and compare correlations with our CO variants and the protein folding rates across our data set as well as by folding type and structural class. Different CO variants lead to the strongest correlations within each protein structural class. Our results demonstrate that backbone topology at a distance beyond where energetic interactions dominate is able to capture folding determinants, and suggest that more sensitive methods of characterizing contact relationships may improve ln kf prediction for diverse protein sets.

CORRELATION MEASURE FOR INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY MULTI SETS

In this paper, the Correlation measure of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi sets (IFMS) is proposed. The concept of this Correlation measure of IFMS is the extension of Correlation measure of IFS. Using the Correlation of IFMS measure, the application of medical diagnosis and pattern recognition are presented. The new method also shows that the correlation measure of any two IFMS equals one if and only if the two IFMS are the same.

English

As Similarity measure for fuzzy sets is one of the important research topics of fuzzy set theory, there are several methods to measure similarity between two fuzzy sets (FS), Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) and Intuitionistic fuzzy multi sets (IFMS). In this paper, the Normalized Hamming Similarity measure of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi sets (IFMS) is introduced. This new measure for IFMS is based on the geometrical interpretation of IFS which involves both similarity and dissimilarity. Using this measure, the application of medical diagnosis and pattern recognition are shown.

Multi Q-fuzzy parameterized soft set and its application

In this paper, we give the definitions of a multi Q-fuzzy set and a multi Q-fuzzy parameterized soft (M k QFP−soft) set and their operations, namely complement, quality, subset, union, and intersection operations. We then propose a decision making method based on M k QFP−soft set theory. We finally give an example which shows that the method can be successfully applied to problems that contain uncertainties.

Who owns the gap? (part two): the application of Appreciative Inquiry to evaluation

Purpose – The aim of the paper is to report on application of Appreciative Inquiry to the evaluation of a management development programme involving 72 managers from an organisation delivering further and higher education. The structure and ethos of Appreciative Inquiry resulted in stories of both individual and collaborative learning and the resultant impact on organisational performance. The evaluation data were compared with the outcomes of a previous appreciative inquiry and the discourse generated by participants indicated a shift to a more collaborative culture. Design/methodology/approach – Part one of this article outlined a successful application of Appreciative Inquiry to the diagnosis of individual and organisational development needs involving the collaboration of participating managers. The same managers agreed to be part of a second Appreciative Inquiry, in 2012, to generate evaluation data on the impact of their management development on college performance. Content analysis was used with the qualitative data produced to formulate key themes. Deeper meanings and insights into organisational culture were derived from a later discourse analysis. Findings – Evidence of a significant change in cross college collaboration was seen in both the content and discourse of the 2012 Appreciative Inquiry. The impact of this collaboration was demonstrated through stories of strategic thinking, innovative solutions and tangible performance improvement. Impact stories also revealed an interesting discursive shift amongst the management population and indicated a greater sense of personal accountability. Discourse analysis also revealed an emerging realisation that interdependent nature of college business was the source of learning about individual and organisational performance. Research limitations/implications – The workshop teams from the second Appreciative Inquiry were not the same configuration as the original diagnostic workshops described in part one of this article. During the management development programme, action learning sets were created with team coaching support. The impact of team coaching on the sustainability of learning became clear during the second Appreciative Inquiry. The teams were more experienced at working collaboratively and their self-management of the process more confident and effective. Practical implications – Appreciative Inquiry can be used to diagnose development needs, create an evaluation framework and later conduct an impact evaluation. In this case study, a management population of 72 were actively engaged in all three outcomes. Originality/value – Appreciative Inquiry used as an evaluation tool ensured that managers had an active role in creating impact stories. The resultant discourse was the collaborative effort of 72 managers. The evaluation research was the co-creation of managers working in cross business and multi level action learning sets.

Tree allometry in Central Africa: Testing the validity of pantropical multi-species allometric equations for estimating biomass and carbon stocks

There is a lot of uncertainty in the amount and spatial variations of above-ground biomass in Africa, partly because very few allometric equations are available. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of using pan-tropical multispecies allometric equations developed by Chave et al. (2005) for estimating the above-ground biomass of trees in Central Africa and/or to develop site-specific equations. The study was conducted in lowland tropical forests of South-eastern Cameroon, at the edge between evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. Data of above-ground woody biomass were obtained from destructive sampling of 138 trees belonging to 47 taxa across a huge range of diameter (5.30–192.50cm) and wood specific gravity (0.284–1.152gcm−3). A set of local site-specific multi- and single-species models relating above-ground biomass to tree diameter and wood specific gravity were fitted to the data. The best model was selected using information criterion. Both tree diameter and wood specific gravity were important predictor to consider for the estimation of above-ground biomass at tree scale. Single-species models were not necessarily better than multi-species models including wood specific gravity as a predictor. The best local multi-species model had the same structure and parameters as the pan-tropical equation developed by Chave et al. (2005) for moist forests. The estimates from the pan-tropical multi-species equation were nearly as good as those of the local multi-species equation. Using wood specific gravity from the global data base only slightly increased the estimation errors, because for the study taxa wood specific gravity was highly correlated to wood specific gravity from the global data base. In this study, we showed that the pantropical multi-species allometric equation developped for moist forests can be used to produce accurate estimates of biomass and carbon stocks from diameter measurement in forest inventory and wood specific gravity from global data base at species level. These findings are especially timely given the urgent need to quantify biomass and carbon stocks in the tropics, and given the spatial extent of moist forests in Central Africa.

Landscape based urbanism enriched with geospatial understanding against landscape urbanism: Regeneration project proposal for Antakya City

The importance of landscape values and human and nature interactions are usually ignored or degraded during planning processes not only in Turkey but most of the countries, resulting in unhealthy urban environment. This viewpoint causes exclusion of landscape planning from national planning stages, which in fact has a vital importance for the development of sustainable cities, in terms of both natural and cultural resources. The necessity of landscape consideration and urban ecology recognition in urban planning and design have led the emergence of various theories such as ecological urbanism, landscape urbanism and landscape ecological urbanism. However, there is still a need for a more definite and integrated model allowing for the landscape as the basis of the planning practices in the very beginning of the process. Landscape planning enables the detection and analysis of landscape characteristics supported by ecological concerns and thus provides a reliable basis for development plans and healthy decision-making. The spatiality of the data used in planning process, on the other hand, enables the utilization of geographic information systems (GIS) technologies for obtaining rapid, accurate and precise results. Moreover GIS offer opportunities to work with multi data sets and realize advanced analysis. Considering the need for improvement of traditional planning approaches especially within the context of the latest urban regeneration discourses of Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanism, in which an integrated planning understanding is lacking, this paper discusses the applicability of current urbanism theories comprising the evaluation of landscape and ecological systems and proposes a landscape based urbanism model enriched with geospatial understanding for Turkey, through the case of Antakya City Regeneration Project Proposal. Key words: Urbanism, urban regeneration, landscape planning.

Monitoring and Change Detection along the Eastern Side of Qena Bend, Nile Valley, Egypt Using GIS and Remote Sensing

This Article is set to track and monitor changes through spatial dependence of remote sensing data and GIS analysis, the suggested working method in this research is by sub pixel classification techniques. Change detection is a central task for land cover monitoring by remote sensing. It uses multi temporal image data sets in order to detect land cover changes from spectral discrepancies [1] (Rafael, et al.). It discusses the study perception of the situation in the past as well as the current and finally the future status of changes that land uses in Eastern Qena meander specifically in places of estuary floods, and the most important estuary leading to Qena, and whether these changes in land are used in direction of the mouth of the stream or not, especially that when it happened before, it caused destruction of both activities, urban & agricultural land. It will rely on Landsat images in years of (1972-2012), conduct analysis, different classifications integration with geographic information systems (GIS), and field as well as samples for the accuracy assessment.

On Distance and Similarity Measures of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi Set

On Distance and Similarity Measures of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi Set

A multi-set charged system search for truss optimization with variables of different natures; element grouping

Optimization problems may include variables of different natures. In structural optimization for example different variables representing cross-sectional, geometrical, topological and grouping properties of the structure may be present. Having different interpretations, the effects of these variables on the objective function are not alike and their search spaces may represent different characteristics. Thus, it is helpful to take these variables apart and to control each set separately. Based on the above considerations, in this paper a multi set charged system search (MSCSS) is introduced for the element grouping of truss structures in a weight optimization process. The results are compared to those obtained through predefined grouping by different algorithms. The comparisons show the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Although this paper only considers size optimization of truss structures where sizing and grouping variables are present and regarded as variables of different natures, the algorithm can be extended to cover the simultaneous shape and size optimization and topology optimization of different types of structures.

Hesitant fuzzy sets

Several extensions and generalizations of fuzzy sets have been introduced in the literature, for example, Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets, type 2 fuzzy sets, and fuzzy multisets. In this pape...

선박엔진용 초대형 열간단조품, 피스톤크라운의 단조공정 및 금형 설계

In closed-die hot forging, a billet is formed in dies such that the flow of metal from the die cavity is restricted. Some parts can be forged in a single set of dies, whilst others, due to shape complexity and material flow limitations, must be shaped in multi sets of dies. The purpose of a performing operation is to distribute the volume of the parts such that material flow in the finisher dies will be sound. This study focused on the design of preforms, flash thickness and land width by theoretical calculation and finite element analysis, to manufacture the super hot forging product, 70MC type piston crown used in marine engine. The optimal design of preforms by the finite element analysis and the design experiment achieves adequate metal distribution without any defects and guarantees the minimum forming load and fully filling of the cavity of the die for producing the large piston crown. The maximum loads obtained by finite element analysis are compared with the results of experiments. The loads of the analysis have good agreements with those of the experiment. Results obtained using DEFORM-2D enable the designer and manufacturer of super hot forging dies to be more efficient in this field.

Analysis of Proposed Key Establishment Protocols in Multi–Tiered Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks provide solutions to a range of monitoring problems. However, they introduce a new set of problems mainly due to small memories, weak processors, limited energy and small packet size. Thus only a very few conventional protocols can readily be used in sensor networks. This paper closely examines the currently available key distributions protocols, their strengths and limitations. The performance of these protocols under different scenarios are thoroughly investigated using theoretical analysis and using a simulation study with TinyOS. First a number of single server protocols were proposed and their performance was analysed. Then we propose a new set of multi–server key distribution protocols, where base stations (or controller nodes) are untrusted. The proposed solutions replicate the authentication server such that a group of malicious and colluding servers cannot compromise security or disrupt service. A detailed comparison of the performance of the proposed protocols with that of other available protocols show the advantages of our protocols. We show that the proposed multiple server authentication protocols will only have O(n) complexity, where n is the number of authentication servers. The protocols use information from the sensor nodes and the servers to generate a new key, and do not solely rely on the sensor nodes to generate good random numbers. The proposed protocols guarantee that the new key is fresh and that the communicating nodes use the same key.

Reconstruction of a word from a multiset of its factors

Let D k ( w ) be the multiset containing all factors of w of length k including repetitions. One of the main results is that if D k ( w ) = D k ( v ) for all k ≤ ⌊ | w | 2 ⌋ + 1 , then w = v . The bound ⌊ | w | 2 ⌋ + 1 is optimal; however we will also show that if D k ( w ) = D k ( v ) for all k ≤ ⌊ | w | 2 ⌋ , then w and v are structurally similar.

Algorithms of nonlinear document clustering based on fuzzy multiset model

Fuzzy multiset is applicable as a model of information retrieval because it has the mathematical structure that expresses the number and the degree of attribution of an element simultaneously. Ther...

Inverse Fractal Statistics in Turbulence and Finance

We consider inverse statistics in turbulence and financial data. By inverse statistics, also sometimes called exit time statistics, we "turn" the variables around such that the fluctuating variable becomes the fixed variable, while the fixed variable becomes fluctuating. In that sense we can probe distinct regimes of the data sets. In the case of turbulence, we obtain a new set of (multi)-scaling exponents which monitor the dissipation regime. In the case of economics, we obtain a distribution of waiting times needed to achieve a predefined level of return. Such a distribution typically goes through a maximum at a time called the optimal investment horizon[Formula: see text], since this defines the most likely waiting time for obtaining a given return ρ. By considering equal positive and negative levels of return, we report on a quantitative gain-loss asymmetry most pronounced for short horizons.

Method for Approximation of Diverse Individual Sorting Rules

This paper considers the technique to construct the general decision rule for the contra- dictory expert classification of objects which are described with many qualitative attributes. This approach is based on the theory of multiset metric spaces, and allows to classify a collection of multi-attribute objects and define the classification rule which approximates the set of individual sorting rules.

Examples of noninjectivity for the combinatorial radon transform

In this paper we construct counterexamples to show that is not injective i.e.,a multiset of 27 elements cannot be recovered from its triple-sums unqiuely

Color image coding based on recurrent iterated function systems

This paper proposes a color image coding method based on recurrent iterated function systems (RIFSs). To encode a set of multi- spectral images, we apply a RIFS to multiset data consisting of three images. In the proposed method, the mappings not only between blocks within an individual spectral image but also between blocks of different spectral images are performed with contraction constraint. Simulation results show that the fractal coding based on the RIFS is useful for encoding concurrently a set of images by describing the similarity exist- ing between a pair of images. In addition, the proposed color coding method can be applied to subband images and moving image se- quences consisting of a set of images having similar gray patterns. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(98)02502-1) Subject terms: color image coding; fractal; recurrent iterated function systems; intramapping; intermapping.