Multi-protocol Network Research Articles

Power Grid Multi-protocol Network Topology Based on Data Exchange Strategy

With the combination of Internet of Things technology and smart grid, there are more and more application scenarios of Internet of Things in power system, which makes the whole power system more informationized and intelligent. In this paper, an intelligent data switching technology for power communication network based on multi-protocol label is proposed. The link structure model of mobile core network is constructed, and the TDMA protocol of the multi-protocol intelligent data switching node is designed by using route detection method. The dynamic routing decision and node rotation scheduling of the mobile core network are realized, and the intelligent data exchange performance is improved. Finally, the simulation experiment of the intelligent data exchange protocol is carried out, and the comparative experiment between the proposed method and other methods is carried out, which shows the superior performance of the proposed method in improving the intelligent data exchange capability of the mobile core network.

LUNAR: A Practical Anonymous Network Simulation Platform

With the expansion of cyberspace and the increasing importance of users for privacy protection, anonymous network research has been further developed, especially for the numerous internet of things (IoT) devices. However, when we repeat the existing experiment in an anonymous network, there are many problems such as too old version, low realism, poor operability, and so on. In this paper, we analyzed the design requirements and topology of the new experimental platform. Two topologies with different levels of complexity are designed. We also set up a practical anonymous network simulation platform called LUNAR with virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), and other technologies to solve those problems. The platform we proposed supports multiprotocol and reproducible complex networks with centralized management. Finally, we implement our simulation platform and reproduce two typical attacks, that is, time-linked Tor node reset attack and website fingerprint attacks on The Onion Router (Tor) network, to evaluate the platform. Experiments results indicate the practicality and superiority of our simulation platform in terms of anonymous network simulation.

A Survey of Collaborative UAV-WSN Systems for Efficient Monitoring.

Integrated systems based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with electric propulsion are emerging as state-of-the-art solutions for large scale monitoring. Main advances stemming both from complex system architectures as well as powerful embedded computing and communication platforms, advanced sensing and networking protocols have been leveraged to prove the viability of this concept. The design of suitable algorithms for data processing, communication and control across previously disparate domains has thus currently become an intensive area of interdisciplinary research. The paper was focused on the collaborative aspects of UAV–WSN systems and the reference papers were analyzed from this point of view, on each functional module. The paper offers a timely review of recent advances in this area of critical interest with focus on a comparative perspective across multiple recent theoretical and applied contributions. A systematic approach is carried out in order to structure a unitary from conceptual design towards key implementation aspects. Focus areas are identified and discussed such as distributed data processing algorithms, hierarchical multi-protocol networking aspects and high level WSN–constrained UAV-control. Application references are highlighted in various domains such as environmental, agriculture, emergency situations and homeland security. Finally, a research agenda is outlined to advance the field towards tangible economic and social impact.

Data Security in Smart Cities: Challenges and Solutions

1 IntroductionA smart city is a future, better state of an existing city, where the use and exploitation of both tangible (e.g. transport infrastructures, energy distribution networks, and natural resources) and intangible assets (e.g. human capital, intellectual capital of companies and organizational capital in public administration bodies) are optimized. [1] Advanced systems manage energy, water, transportation, traffic, healthcare and education. [2] In order to make them function as a whole for citizens' benefit, various smart cities technologies are used, including city operating systems, centralized control rooms, urban dashboards, intelligent transport systems, integrated travel ticketing, bike share schemes, real-time passenger information displays, logistics management systems, smart energy grids, controllable lighting, smart meters, sensor networks, building management systems, and an vast array of smartphone apps and sharing economy platforms. [3] From the IC&T point of view, these technologies are strongly based on smaller and smaller electronic chips and electromechanical devices, sensors, Internet IPv6 and wireless technologies, sensors, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), localization technologies, NFC (Near Field Communication), Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing. [4]In such a complex environment, all these interconnected cyberphysical devices and processes generate huge quantities of data, much of them in real-time and at a highly granular scale. [3] Data collection, processing, transfer and use enable smart living, instantaneous connection with/between every citizen, and create the possibility for the cities to be run more efficiently, productively, sustainably, fairly and transparently. [2], [3], [4] But, on the other side of the story, various problems occur in the huge data machinery that a smart city is: internal and external parties could not be trustable [4], new threats that affect data confidentiality, integrity, accessibility, protection and privacy are signaled continuously, smart cities technologies are still in their infancy, there are no standards of use and a lot of technical difficulties need to be defeated. [2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]In the rest of the paper, the above mentioned problems are going to be approached in a framework in which smart cities are seen as a synergetic sum of smart things and smart spaces, interconnected in smart systems (infrastructure and applications) that work for the smart citizens' benefit.2 Data Vulnerabilities in a Smart City - A Four-Layer Analysis2.1 Smart ThingsIn a smart city, objects are connected in order to provide seamless communication and contextual services. A large variety of things are used in a smart city. Part of them are very sophisticated embedded systems - such as smart phones and TVs, tablets, printers, medical devices, SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems and so on, others are wearable (sensors placed on/under the skin or sewn into clothing that provide information about a person's vital signs), and many of them are usual things like keys, watches, coffee filters, fridges, domestic heating controllers, books, doors etc. Also, a lot of sensors are used to monitor air quality and pollution, auto and pedestrian traffic, bridges' resistance and road infrastructure in general, criminality rates and policing, energy and water consumption, waste management etc., forming a perceptual/recognition layer used to collect data and identify the physical world. On this layer, objects respond in numerous ways to their internal states and/or to external factors. All this things can be very smart in some situations and quite stupid in others: for example, smart in the sense that they transmit/process/respond to various data, but stupid when there is a need to protect them. Smart things suffer from hardware limitations (computational and energy constraint, memory constraint, tamper resistant packaging), software restrictions (embedded software constraint, dynamic security patch), hard network-requirements (mobility, scalability, multiplicity of devices, multiplicity of communication medium, multiprotocol networking, dynamic network topology). …

RESEARCH OF ENGINEERING TRAFFIC IN COMPUTER UZ NETWORK USING MPLS TE TECHNOLOGY

Purpose. In railway transport of Ukraine one requires the use of computer networks of different technologies: Ethernet, Token Bus, Token Ring, FDDI and others. In combined computer networks on the railway transport it is necessary to use packet switching technology in multiprotocol networks MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) more effectively. They are based on the use of tags. Packet network must transmit different types of traffic with a given quality of service. The purpose of the research is development a methodology for determining the sequence of destination flows for the considered fragment of computer network of UZ. Methodology. When optimizing traffic management in MPLS networks has the important role of technology traffic engineering (Traffic Engineering, TE). The main mechanism of TE in MPLS is the use of unidirectional tunnels (MPLS TE tunnel) to specify the path of the specified traffic. The mathematical model of the problem of traffic engineering in computer network of UZ technology MPLS TE was made. Computer UZ network is represented with the directed graph, their vertices are routers of computer network, and each arc simulates communication between nodes. As an optimization criterion serves the minimum value of the maximum utilization of the TE-tunnel. Findings. The six options destination flows were determined; rational sequence of flows was found, at which the maximum utilization of TE-tunnels considered a simplified fragment of a computer UZ network does not exceed 0.5. Originality. The method of solving the problem of traffic engineering in Multiprotocol network UZ technology MPLS TE was proposed; for different classes its own way is laid, depending on the bandwidth and channel loading. Practical value. Ability to determine the values of the maximum coefficient of use of TE-tunnels in computer UZ networks based on developed software model «TraffEng». The input parameters of the model: number of routers, channel capacity, the number of streams, the average flow velocity. As a result of the model «TraffEng» choices variants of TE-tunnels with the corresponding values of the maximum coefficient of their use are presented.

Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Congestion Control: Existence and Uniqueness

When heterogeneous congestion control protocols that react to different pricing signals share the same network, the resulting equilibrium may no longer be interpreted as a solution to the standard utility maximization problem. We prove the existence of equilibrium in general multiprotocol networks under mild assumptions. For almost all networks, the equilibria are locally unique, finite, and odd in number. They cannot all be locally stable unless there is a globally unique equilibrium. Finally, we show that if the price mapping functions, which map link prices to effective prices observed by the sources, are sufficiently similar, then global uniqueness is guaranteed.

Design and implementation of MPλS network simulator

IP over WDM has been identified as one of the most attractive alternative for the new Internet due to its potential ability to meet rising demands of high bandwidth and low latency. In this paper, we present an MPλS simulator which enables to simulate various MPλS functions such as optical crossconnect (OXC), multi-wavelength links, routing and wavelength assignment (RWA), and MPλS signaling and control. The simulator is developed based on the ns-2, a widely used multi-protocol network simulator. This paper presents the architecture and details of the design of the simulator. The simulator is validated by running many simulations based on various scenarios and performance measures.

An enhanced message networking topology: Multimedia messaging with the Intuity™ interchange server

This paper describes the features and benefits of message networking and the Intuity™ Interchange, a new, intelligent, multiprotocol and multivendor networking server used in multimedia (voice, fax, e-mail, and/or binary) messaging networks. The Interchange integrates Lucent Technologies' multimedia messaging servers — for example, Intuity/DEFINITY®/R1 AUDIX®, and Overture Aria/Serenade — as well as non-Lucent messaging systems, into one seamless and expandable messaging network. In addition to supporting Lucent's digital and analog protocols, the Interchange also supports or will support open standard interfaces, such as Audio Message Interface Specification (AMIS) analog, Voice Profile for Internet Mail (VPIM), and Simple Message Transfer Protocol/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (SMTP/MIME), for communication with other vendors' voice-mail systems (for example, Northern Telecom's Meridian Mail) and e-mail systems (for example, Microsoft∗ Exchange∗). Because the Interchange is built on an open platform, additional add-on applications are being rapidly developed to co-reside on the hub server. One such application is Enterprise Lists, which allows large enterprise-wide broadcast lists to be defined statically or dynamically. Anyone in the entire network having permission can reach these lists. Application directions include such features as the lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP), which allows for intelligent enterprise network directory access and builds on the existing centralized directory synchronization already available in the Interchange.

Evolution of the wide area network

This paper describes the dramatic changes taking place in the architecture and capabilities of the wide area network as it evolves from a collection of several service-specific networks, each typically supporting only one transport protocol, to a single multiprotocol network supporting a variety of services. The paper also discusses the technological forces driving this evolution and considers its practical implications.

医学中央雑誌ＣＤ‐ＲＯＭのマルチプロトコルネットワークでの利用

Yamanashi Medical University developed a retrieval system for the CD-ROM version of Igaku-chuo-zasshi on the Windows NT server. This system can be accessed by either Windows or Macintosh terminals via the campus LAN. This is made possible by taking advantage of the multi-protocol network. We copy the data from the CD-ROMs to the hard disk of the server in order to increase the response of the network. Users enter the system from our home page through the web browser. Each time the search program of the retrieval system is started, the statistical data of the user are stored automatically.

A limited PACS dedicated to a research environment. Nine years' experience in Santiago de Compostela.

A digital image network has been installed at the Department of Radiology of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, to create a "limited' Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). This experience is being dedicated to address problems associated with digital techniques in a research environment. The backbone of the system is a multiprotocol ethernet network. Attached to the network are a number of advanced devices such as DEC VAX and UNIX workstations. Currently, a high resolution film digitizer and a laser printer are under evaluation for radiologic image research. During a period of nine years, 1987 to 1995, experimental and clinical trials have been conducted on different film based digital radiography apparatus primarily dedicated to chest and breast imaging. Several research projects have been completed. In this paper we describe the results of these investigations and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this digital technique. The results of the different completed studies will be presented separately. A description of the physical characteristics of the limited PACS system dedicated to a research environment will serve as background.

Multiprotocol networking—a blueprint

IBM's Open Blueprint™ is used as a framework for discussing recent developments in communications with particular emphasis on multiprotocol networking. The major parts of the Open Blueprint that pertain to networking are described, indicating advancements in user networks, networking standards, and their underlying technologies. Asynchronous transfer mode is shown to have special significance both for today's multiprotocol networks and tomorrow's multimedia networks.

Data link switching: Present and future

The integration of computer networks has made it increasingly important for networking equipment to simultaneously handle a variety of data communications protocols. Networking products known as routers have proven themselves capable of handling many multiprotocol networking requirements, but have had difficulty addressing some important network configurations. Two of the most widely implemented protocols, IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA) and Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS™), have characteristics that make it difficult for routers to support them in the same way as routers support other protocols. Networking vendors have devised a number of methods for transporting SNA and NetBIOS data traffic, but these methods have been largely nonstandard and have had other disadvantages. Data link switching (DLSw), initially developed by IBM, has attracted considerable interest among router vendors as a standard way to handle SNA and NetBIOS traffic and avoid some of the problems of earlier methods. A multivendor interest group within an IBM-sponsored forum on Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking™ has developed and recently issued a standard DLSw specification. This paper briefly compares DLSw to the technologies that preceded it, provides a tutorial of the Version 1 DLSw standard, and discusses possible directions in which DLSw may evolve.

Advances in APPN architecture

In this paper, we discuss the evolving environment and requirements for the Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking™ (APPN®) architecture and the accommodation of these changes in basic directory, topology, and configuration services, as well as in application transport capabilities. We use high-performance routing, a recent APPN extension, as an example of the adaptation of the architecture to emerging highspeed communication facilities and the increasing trend to multiprotocol networks. Finally, we discuss some extensions to switched support and network management in APPN and speculate on possible future considerations.

EuropaNET — contemporary high speed networking

Abstract EuropaNET provides a multiprotocol backbone network service to the European Research and Academic Community currently offering TCP/IP, CLNP and X.25 on data circuits with a capacity of up to 2 Mbps. Growth to higher speeds is foreseen within the near the future. The service is provided on a one-stop-shopping basis with a 24 hour Network Management Service and a number of Service Level Guarantees by PTT Telecom of The Netherlands in co-operation with a number of European PTOs and Unisource Business Networks, the joint venture company established by Televerket of Sweden, the Swiss PTT and PTT Telecom, specializing in providing high quality international network services. For the benefit of all users EuropaNET makes efficient use of the European infrastructure by sharing it in a statistical manner between the different protocol services and having the ability to fully utilize the bandwidth of the data circuits. It is based on modern design principles for data communications systems exploiting the capabilities for parallel processing of the Transputer.

Effectiveness of bridging in multiprotocol LANS

The article summarizes experience with a low-performance transparent multiport bridge in a multiprotocol LAN. Bridging improves performance of complex networks. Reliability of the network can be improved as well, in particular when we use the cheaper medium. On the other hand, transparent bridges can cause some problems in multiprotocol networks. Additional filtering based on the analysis of the protocol type and packet type can resolve them.

Developments in academic networking in Austria

Abstract The Austrian academic community uses the private X.25 network ACOnet which connects Austrian universities. ACOnet is connected to the Austrian public packet-switched data network DATEX-P, to the international networks Internet, EARN, EUnet and EASInet and provides access to the Austrian public X.400 service and to COSINE-MHS. In 1992 ACOnet will be improved by the following actions: the basis of ACOnet will be changed from an X.25 network to a multi-protocol network providing IP, ISO-CLNS and X.25. Important topics of future concepts are the connection to EBONE and the improvement of connectiions to networks in Central and Eastern Eeuropean countries. So Austria will be able to perform an important switching function to connect Central and Eastern European countries to the common European communications infrastructure EBONE.