Multiple Distance Research Articles

On the Seed Population of Solar Energetic Particles in the Inner Heliosphere

AbstractParticles measured in large gradual solar energetic particle events are believed to be predominantly accelerated at shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Ion charge state and composition analyses suggest that the origin of the seed particle population for the mechanisms of particle acceleration at CME‐driven shocks is not the bulk solar wind thermal material, but rather a suprathermal population present in the solar wind. This suprathermal population could result from remnant material accelerated in prior solar flares and/or preceding CME‐driven shocks. In this work, we examine the distribution of this suprathermal particle population in the inner heliosphere by combining a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the solar wind and a Monte Carlo simulation of particle acceleration and transport. Assuming that the seed particles are uniformly distributed near the Sun by solar flares of various magnitudes, we study the longitudinal distribution of the seed population at multiple heliocentric distances. We consider a nonuniform background solar wind, consisting of fast and slow streams that lead to compression and rarefaction regions within the solar wind. Our simulations show that the seed population at a particular location (e.g., 1 au) is strongly modulated by the underlying solar wind configuration. Corotating interaction regions and merged interactions regions can strongly alter the energy spectra of the seed particle populations. In addition, cross‐field diffusion plays an important role in mitigating strong variations of the seed population in both space and energy.

Encoding of 3D physical dimensions by face-selective cortical neurons

Neurons throughout the primate inferior temporal (IT) cortex respond selectively to visual images of faces and other complex objects. The response magnitude of neurons to a given image often depends on the size at which the image is presented, usually on a flat display at a fixed distance. While such size sensitivity might simply reflect the angular subtense of retinal image stimulation in degrees, one unexplored possibility is that it tracks the real-world geometry of physical objects, such as their size and distance to the observer in centimeters. This distinction bears fundamentally on the nature of object representation in IT and on the scope of visual operations supported by the ventral visual pathway. To address this question, we assessed the response dependency of neurons in the macaque anterior fundus (AF) face patch to the angular versus physical size of faces. We employed a macaque avatar to stereoscopically render three-dimensional (3D) photorealistic faces at multiple sizes and distances, including a subset of size/distance combinations designed to cast the same size retinal image projection. We found that most AF neurons were modulated principally by the 3D physical size of the face rather than its two-dimensional (2D) angular size on the retina. Further, most neurons responded strongest to extremely large and small faces, rather than to those of normal size. Together, these findings reveal a graded encoding of physical size among face patch neurons, providing evidence that category-selective regions of the primate ventral visual pathway participate in a geometric analysis of real-world objects.

The Effect of Replacing Fish Flour with Processed Shrimp Waste Flour Through Various Processes on Performance Broiler

This study aims to determine the ability of shrimp waste processing with several combinations of processing such as soaking using husk ash water filtrate, steaming and fermentation using the Trichoderma viridae fungus, as well as to determine the optimal level and level of using processed shrimp flour to replace fish meal in broiler chicken rations. . The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design method consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment given was replacing fish meal with processed shrimp waste flour which consisted of P0 = 0% processed shrimp waste flour, P1 = 25% processed shrimp waste flour, P2 = 50% processed shrimp waste flour, P3 = 75% processed shrimp waste flour. and R4 100% processed shrimp waste flour. The data obtained were tabulated using the Microsoft Excel program, then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there were differences, then the Multiple Distance Test (Duncan's). The observed variables consisted of changes in the nutritional content of shrimp waste before and after processing, feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion in broiler chickens. The results of this study indicate a decrease in the nutritional content of processed shrimp waste. The replacement of fish meal with processed shrimp waste in broiler chicken rations had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on consumption and body weight gain, but had no effect (P>0.05) on feed conversion value. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the processing of shrimp waste through several processes has not been able to improve the nutritional content of shrimp waste. The use of processed shrimp waste flour can be used up to 50% level as a substitute for fish meal in broiler chicken rations. Suggestions that can be given are the length of processing time from shrimp waste can be reduced in order to minimize factors that can damage or reduce the nutrition of shrimp waste.
 
 Keywords: Shrimp Waste, Trichoderma viride, Fermentation, Broiler, Performance

Research on the Impact of Loyalty Program Information Transparency on Customer Participation Intention with Digital Information

As market competition intensifies, companies recognize the value of attracting customers to participate in activities and loyalty programs (LPs) that encourage repeat purchases and maintain customer loyalty. Literature on LP design explores the positive impact of program structure and rewards on the acquisition of customers. However, research is lacking on the role of LP information transparency on customer participation intention. This study uses 280 college students in China as the survey object to explore the influence of LP information transparency on willingness to participate in such programs. Using experimental design methods, the authors verify whether the type of merchant and channel customers select affect willingness to participate when customers redeem rewards. This study also explains the internal psychological mechanism of information transparency, merchant and channel types, and customer participation intention from the perspective of perceptual psychological distance in construal level theory (CLT) and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM). Both information visibility and accessibility have a positive impact on customer intention to participate in LPs. When a customer redeems a reward from a LP operator, information visibility has a more positive impact on willingness to participate than redeeming a reward from an alliance partner. Moreover, when a customer redeems a reward from online channels, the positive impact of information accessibility on willingness to participate is greater than redeeming from offline channels. Under the influence of multiple psychological distance effects, the synergistic effect of merchant type and channel type is not significant in the relationship between information transparency and willingness to participate in LPs. This article will provide design strategies and management suggestions for retail managers to attract customers to participate in LPs.

Growth Performance and Health Status of Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) Seed Feeded With A Combination of Chitosan and Probiotic Supplements (Sinbiotic)

This study aims to determine the optimum level of addition of chitosan to the feed to increase the growth rate and daily feed consumption of giant gouramy. The method used in this research is an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of five treatments and four replications. The treatments used were (A) giving 2.5 g/kg chitosan and 5 g/kg probiotics, (B) 5 g/kg chitosan and 5 g/kg probiotics, (C) 7 chitosan, 5 g/kg and 5 g/kg probiotics, (D) 10 g/kg chitosan and 5 g/kg probiotics, (E) without chitosan and probiotics (control). The test fish used were giant gouramy with a length of 7-9 cm and a weight of 7-9 g. The container used was hapa measuring 1 x 1 x 1 m3 as many as 20 pieces with a density of 20 fish for each treatment and 42 days of maintenance. The amount of feed given was 5% of the fish biomass. Data from observations of length and weight were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level, if there was a significant difference, Duncan's multiple distance test was performed. The results showed that synbiotics administration of 7.5 g/kg chitosan and 5 g/kg probiotics on feed gave the best results with the highest absolute length growth of 4,48 ± 0,3 cm, the highest absolute weight growth of 24,03 ± 3,1 g, the highest daily growth rate of 57,20 ± 7,3 %, feed conversion ratio the lowest was 1.6 ± 0,3 and the highest survival was 98,8 ± 3,2 % in giant gouramy. Keywords: giant gouramy, synbiotic, growth,chitosan,probiotic

Characterization of proteoglycan products of naturation of chitosan extraction liquid waste with sulfate ions

The process of naturation of chitosan extraction liquid waste into proteoglycans with various types of binders is an effort to make new materials / materials that are expected to provide benefits to increase livestock productivity. The new material (proteoglycan) is formed through a reaction mechanism that is highly dependent on the original component as well as additional components that function as receptors (inhibitors) or activators (triggers) for the formation / occurrence of molecular adhesion (chelating) to a core chain. In addition, the process of naturation of liquid waste is also an effort to manage or handle the environment from waste which if not handled can have a negative impact on the environment. This can happen because the denaturation of protein components or molecules contained in liquid waste becomes pollution due to the decay process. The purpose of the study was to obtain the character of proteoglycan quality as a result of the addition of various types of sulphate ion binders through measuring the digestibility and hematologic values of blood in broiler chickens. The study used experimental methods in the laboratory. The experimental design used was a Complete Randomized Design (6 X 4), with six treatments (3 types of chemical product binders and 3 types of biological product binders), which were repeated four times. The effect of the treatment was statistically tested by fingerprint analysis, and the difference between treatments was tested with the Duncan Multiple Distance Test. The research was carried out in two stages, namely the preparation stage (making proteoglycans with the addition of three types of sulphate ion binders), and the product quality testing stage. Product testing through measurement of digestibility (dry matter and protein) and hematologic (number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and haematocrits) values of broiler blood. The results showed that liquid waste extracting chitosan from shrimp shells (both through chemical and biological processes) can be used as a source of making proteoglycans and can be used as a feed supplement in broiler chicken rations. Quality characteristics of proteoglycan products: good quality Proteoglycans of chemical and biological processes with potassium sulphate binders; Moderate quality chemical and biological process proteoglycans with ammonium sulphate binders, and biological process proteoglycans with sodium hydro sulphate binders; and Poor-quality Proteoglycan chemical process with sodium hydro sulphate binder. The number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and haematocrits blood of broiler chickens are normal for all types of products.

Investigating the Narrow-line Region Dynamics in Nearby Active Galaxies

We present dynamical models of the narrow-line region (NLR) outflows in the nearby Seyfert galaxies Mrk 3, Mrk 78, NGC 1068, and NGC 4151 using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope and Apache Point Observatory. We employ long-slit spectroscopy to map the spatially resolved outflow and rotational velocities of the ionized gas. We also perform surface brightness decompositions of host galaxy images to constrain the enclosed stellar mass distributions as functions of distance from the supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Assuming that the NLR gas is accelerated by active galactic nuclei (AGN) radiation pressure, and subsequently decelerated by the host galaxy and SMBH gravitational potentials, we derive outflow velocity profiles where the gas is launched in situ at multiple distances from the SMBH. We find a strong correlation between the turnover (from acceleration to deceleration) radii from our models, with the turnovers seen in the observed velocities and spatially resolved mass outflow rates for the AGN with bolometric luminosities > 1044 erg s−1. This consistency indicates that radiation pressure is the dominant driving mechanism behind the NLR outflows in these moderate-luminosity AGNs, with a force multiplier ∼500 yielding the best agreement between the modeled and observed turnover radii. However, in Meena et al. we found that this trend may not hold at lower luminosities, where our modeled turnover distance for NGC 4051 is much smaller than in the observed kinematics. This result may indicate that either additional force(s) are responsible for accelerating the NLR outflows in low-luminosity AGNs, or higher spatial resolution observations are required to quantify their turnover radii.

Data-Driven Multiobjective Optimization of Wave-Packets for Near-Field Subsonic Jet Noise

Aeroacoustics of innovative aircraft cannot disregard the development of low-order models for the jet noise source, which are essential to assess the propulsion–airframe interactions from the conceptual design stage. The main scope of this work is to provide a noise source model that can be coupled with relatively low computational cost methods for aeroacoustic scattering. To this end, this paper presents for the first time a multiobjective optimization of the zeroth-mode wave-packet in the jet near field. The importance of calibrating the model with near-field pressure data stems from the fact that in new aircraft, the engine nacelles are typically positioned at a few diameters from the wing or fuselage. In this work, the near field of a high subsonic jet at a Mach number of 0.9 is represented as a cylindrical surface radiating the pressure disturbances of a wave-packet source, which is optimized using large-eddy simulation data from three lines at different radial distances. The optimized model has been tested at Strouhal numbers between 0.25 and one, and the optimized solutions have been chosen using a Pareto-ranking criterion considering the wave-packet prediction over an extra line. A good agreement is achieved between the reference data and model predictions for multiple near-field radial distances.

Performance analysis and multi-objective optimization of bionic dendritic furcal energy-absorbing structures for trains

Rail vehicles offer the characteristics of large carrying capacity and high running speed. Train accidents usually result in substantial personal casualties and economic losses. Energy-absorbing structures can efficiently and quickly absorb and disperse the energy generated during collisions. In this paper, the performances with different cross-sections and partings of the bionic dendritic furcal structure (BDFS) inspired by the furcal branch and bifurcation structure of neurons are analyzed and compared by numerical simulation. The simplified super folding element theory and experiments verify that the finite element models are effective. A hybrid multi-stage optimization decision system, i.e., multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)- multi-objective optimization (MOP)- MCDM, which integrates the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method, the multiple objective particle swarm optimization-crowding distance (MOPSO-CD) evolutionary algorithm and repetitive VIKOR method, is proposed to find the optimal structure and obtain the optimal parameter alternative of the structure. Comparisons and analyses of experiments and simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that BDFS with six furcal ribs and 3rd-order parting display the best comprehensive crashworthiness under the working condition of 10 m/s specified in EN15227 standard. When the single target requirement is considered, specific energy absorption (SEA) can be increased by 16.18%, peak crushing force (PCF) can be decreased by 67.07%, and undulation of the load-carrying capacity (ULC) can be decreased by 14.02%. This study provides an effective tool for the analysis and optimization of energy-absorbing structures.

La distance psychologique en sciences de gestion: Apports et limites de la théorie des niveaux de représentation

AbstractThis article explains how construal level theory (CLT) expand knowledge of management sciences related to the effect of psychological distance on the organization's stakeholders. This work also highlights different limits of this framework and sets out a research agenda to overcome them. The main limits concern 1) a lack of precision regarding the modification of construal level as a function of psychological distance; 2) a prevalence of research on temporal and social distance to retranscribe the effects of a psychological distance theorized as a global concept; 3) numerous inconsistencies regarding multiple distances. Managerial implications are also suggested to handle the psychological distance of the stakeholders.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CATFISH (Pangasius pangasius) VISCERA OIL PURIFIED WITH BENTONITE

The fishing industry is a very broadline business with various processes that have by-products. Catfish viscera which includes digestive tract, liver, bile, and stored fat (belly fat) is a potential source of fat to be processed into fish oil with high content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially omega 3. This study aims to determine the effect of adding bentonite to the purification process of catfish oil from viscera on the characteristics of pure fish oil. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting 4 treatments of bentonite percentage, 0%, 4%, 7% and 10%. Parameters measured were free fatty acid, acid number, peroxide number, paraanisidin number (p-anisidin), total oxidation, and yield. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's Multiple Distance Test. The results of this study indicate that the addition of bentonite to pure fish oil has a significant effect on the characteristics of fish oil from each treatment. The best purification was found in the addition of 10% bentonite that having the characteristics of 0.62% free fatty acids, 0.12 mgKOH/g acid number, 0 meq/kg peroxide number (not detected), paraanisidin number 1.60 meq/kg, total oxidation 1.60 meq/kg, and yield of 75.23 ± 0.194%. DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jtp.v16i2.3226

The effect of antagonistic microbial and seed bulb-size on fusarium wilt and yield of shallot

The effort to suppress the development of fusarium wilt disease is by a consortium of antagonistic microbes. This study aimed to determine the effect of microbial consortium and bulb size on the development of fusarium wilt disease and the effect on plant resistance of small bulbs to fusarium wilt. This research was conducted on coastal land, Sri Gading Village, Sanden District, Bantul Regency. The experiment used a split-plot with 2 factors : seed treatment and bulb size with 8 treatments. The factors include K1U1: Consortia microbial and small bulbs, K1U2: Consortia microbial and medium bulbs, K1U3: Consortia microbial and big bulbs, K1U4: Consortia microbial and mixed bulbs, K2U1: Without consortia microbial and small bulbs, K2U2: Without consortia microbial and medium bulbs, K2U3: Without consortia microbial and big bulbs, K2U4: Without consortia microbial and mixed bulbs. Data were analyzed statistically SAS (Statistical Analysis System) ANOVA 5% and further tested with DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Distance Test) at the 5% level of significance. The percentage data which is not normally distributed are transformed to transformation arcsin√x. The results showed there was no interaction between the use of microbial consortium and bulb size on the development of fusarium wilt disease and yield of shallot. The giving of consortium antagonists could not increase plant resistance to fusarium wilt and yield. The decline in production is generally related to climate change which has an impact on increasing plant diseases. There is a need for cultivation adaptation in dealing with the effects of climate change.

An efficient trust inference model in online social networks using fuzzy petri nets

SummarySharing and exchanging of information among the group of users is the objective of social networks. With the growing popularity of the internet applications, many of the interactions are among the unknown users. Estimation of the user trustworthiness prior to conversation with him can increase the confidence level of a person in taking right decisions. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram and Google+ are some of the most popular social networks, where the similar kinds of users share their messages and photos. In this article, the proposed method “Trust Inference Model in Online Social Networks Using Fuzzy Petri Nets (TMFPN)” computes the user trust value through two phases, that is, direct and indirect using twitter user data set. The direct trust of a user is evaluated based on his social activities like (follower count, listed count, mentions received, re tweets received, and posts) using fuzzy inference model. For the users those are not in direct interaction, indirect trust is computed. Proposed method‐TMFPN gathers network information through trust propagation and models the social network as a fuzzy petri net. Where users and interactions are considered as places and transitions, respectively. Here the concurrent reasoning algorithm (CRA) is applied over the converted FPN, for the selection of reliable trustworthy paths between two users at multiple hops distance. Performance of the proposed method is verified theoretically and practically. In the experiment results, performance of TMFPN is compared with existing trust computing methods in computation of indirect trust of multihop away users.

Riemannian representation learning for multi-source domain adaptation

Multi-Source Domain Adaptation (MSDA) aims at training a classification model that achieves small target error, by leveraging labeled data from multiple source domains and unlabeled data from a target domain. The source and target domains are described by related but different joint distributions, which lie on a Riemannian manifold named the statistical manifold. In this paper, we characterize the joint distribution difference by the Hellinger distance, which bears strong connection to the Riemannian metric defined on the statistical manifold. We show that the target error of a neural network classification model is upper bounded by the average source error of the model and the average Hellinger distance, i.e., the average of multiple Hellinger distances between the source and target joint distributions in the network representation space. Motivated by the error bound, we introduce Riemannian Representation Learning (RRL): An approach that trains the network model by minimizing (i) the average empirical Hellinger distance with respect to the representation function, and (ii) the average empirical source error with respect to the network model. Specifically, we derive the average empirical Hellinger distance by constructing and solving unconstrained convex optimization problems whose global optimal solutions are easy to find. With the network model trained, we expect it to achieve small error in the target domain. Our experimental results on several image datasets demonstrate that the proposed RRL approach is statistically better than the comparison methods.

Real-time, multi-spectral motion artefact correction and compensation for laser speckle contrast imaging

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is so sensitive to motion that it can measure the movement of red blood cells. However, this extreme sensitivity to motion is also its pitfall as the clinical translation of LSCI is slowed down due to the inability to deal with motion artefacts. In this paper we study the effectiveness of a real-time, multi-spectral motion artefact correction and compensation by subduing an in vitro flow phantom and ex vivo porcine kidney to computer-controlled motion artefacts. On the in vitro flow phantom, the optical flow showed a good correlation with the total movement. This model results in a better signal-to-noise ratios for multiple imaging distances and the overestimation of perfusion was reduced. In the ex vivo kidney model, the perfusion overestimation was also reduced and we were still able to distinguish between ischemia and non-ischemia in the stabilized data whereas this was not possible in the non-stabilized data. This leads to a notably better perfusion estimation that could open the door to a multitude of new clinical applications for LSCI.

Feasible operation region of an electricity distribution network

In the course of net zero carbon transition, electricity distribution networks are faced with great challenges brought by increasing total and peak demand due to the electrification of transport and heat, as well as the significant uncertainties from renewable power generation and customer behaviors (such as electric vehicle travelling behaviors). Therefore, distribution network operators (DNOs) need effective tools to assess the capability of distribution networks in integrating generation and demand to conduct active management and efficient expansion of networks. However, conventional scenario-based assessment methods only provide conservative and limited information on the network capability, also with exponentially increased computational burden. By contrast, another stream of methods with different philosophy, named as operation region-based methods, describe the overall picture of the network capability analytically with little computational power needed. However, the existing linearized analytical regions, which are mainly applied to electricity transmission networks, cannot describe the capability of distribution networks accurately enough. To solve these problems, a novel feasible operation region (FOR) method with quadratic analytical expressions was proposed to characterize the range of the operating states of distribution networks, where the thermal and voltage constraints will not be violated. The FOR is a geometry in a high-dimensional space, and thus a high-dimensional error analysis approach was further developed for validating the proposed method. The boundary errors are described by multiple distance functions and operational indices, and the conservativeness of the analytical boundaries are quantified. An 11 kV radial distribution network from the United Kingdom Generic Distribution System (UKGDS) was used for the case study. The simulation results show that the quadratic analytical boundaries well approximated the real boundaries of FOR. The maximum errors for thermal and voltage boundaries would maximally cause an overcurrent up to 116 % and an undervoltage down to 0.96p.u., which are able to satisfy the requirements of engineering practice. Compared to the existing linear approximation (termed as hyperplane expressions) of FOR boundaries, the proposed quadratic expressions were proved to have higher accuracy.

Preliminary results obtained by a new intraocular lens based on accommodative technology for the treatment of cataract and presbyopia

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to report the clinical results obtained by a new accommodative intraocular lens (AIOL) in terms of visual acuity, refraction, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity and complications incidence for multiple follow‐up phases.Methods: This is a prospective and experimental study composed by patients interested in an AIOL implantation (Lumina, Akkolens) to improve their visual performance. An exhaustive postoperative follow‐up (1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year) was performed including the measurements of visual acuity for multiple distances in decimal notation, subjective refraction, accommodative evaluation by defocus curve, contrast sensitivity and a slit lamp and fundus exploration.Results: The study included 42 eyes of 21 patients (mean age of 61.4 ± 10.9 years; 52% females, 48% males). The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity at week was 0.71 ± 0.28, but it improved to 0.85 ± 0.27 a year after the surgery. Similarly, the mean uncorrected near visual acuity improved for 0.48 ± 0.23 at 1 week to 0.60 ± 0.17 at 1 year. The mean equivalent sphere was −0.39 ± 0.60 diopters and the mean corrected distance visual acuity was 1.04 ± 0.16 at 1 year. For a defocus range comprised between 0.00 and −2.00 diopters the mean visual acuity was better than 0.50. The contrast sensitivity assessment showed values higher than 1.10 log units for all frequencies. Capsule opacification with YAG laser requirement was present in 21% of cases (N = 9). At the end of the follow‐up all minimal complications were resolved.Conclusions: The AIOL Lumina Akkolens provided suitable distance vision and functional near vision improving its performance over time. Contrast sensitivity was good being comparable with a monofocal design, but the Lumina IOL shows better near visual performance as revealed in the defocus curve. Significant persistent complications were not observed. These results will be updated with more patients and will be compared with a control group.

VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BERBAGAI VARIETAS TRUE SHALLOT SEED DENGAN PERENDAMAN JENIS ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH (ZPT) ALAMI

One of the keys to successful shallot cultivation with True Seed of Shallot (TSS) is determined by viability and vigor at the nursery. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of varieties and types of natural Plant Growth Regulatory (PGR) on germination and TSS vigor index. The study was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Agricultural Development Polytechnic of Yogyakarta Magelang in July 2021 using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is shallot variety (V) consisting of 3 levels: V1 = Sanren, V2 = Maserati, and V3 = Lokananta. The second factor is Types of Natural plant Growth Regulators (Z) consisting of 4 types: Z0 = aquadest, Z1 = Shallot Extract, Z2 = bean sprout extract, and Z3 = young coconut water. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Parameters observed were germination, growth speed and vigor index. Data analysis was carried out using a variance test (F test) and Duncan's multiple distance test (DMRT) with a level of 0.05. The results showed that the TSS variety significantly affected germination and growth speed. The type of natural PGR did not significantly affect the germination, but it did affect the growth speed. TSS varieties and natural PGR types significantly interacted with the vigor index parameter. The best vigor index was achieved when the Lokananta variety was treated with distilled water. Keywords: Shallot, bean sprouts, coconut water, germination, vigor.

MmSight: A Robust Millimeter-Wave Near-Field SAR Imaging Algorithm

Millimeter-wave SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imaging is widely studied as a common means of RF (Radio Frequency) imaging, but there are problems of the ghost image in Sparsely-Sampled cases and the projection of multiple targets at different distances. Therefore, a robust imaging algorithm based on the Analytic Fourier Transform is proposed, which is named mmSight. First, the original data are windowed with Blackman window to take multiple distance planes into account; then, the Analytic Fourier Transform that can effectively suppress the ghost image under Sparsely-Sampled is used for imaging; finally, the results are filtered using a Mean Filter to remove spatial noise. The experimental results show that the proposed imaging algorithm in this paper, relative to other algorithms, can image common Fully-Sampled single target, hidden target, and multiple targets at the same distance, and solve the ghost image problem of single target in the case of Sparsely-Sampled, as well as the projection problem of multiple targets at different distances; the Image Entropy of the mmSight is 4.6157 and is on average 0.3372 lower than that of other algorithms. Compared with other algorithms, the sidelobe and noise of the Point Spread Function are suppressed, so the quality of the image obtained from imaging is better than that of other algorithms.

The effect of aquous extract of johar leaves (Senna siamea) injection on survival rate and blood profile of snakehead fish (Channa striata)

Aqueous extract of johar leaf contains metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, sponins, tannins, phenols, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, and cardiac glycosides which can be used to substitute commercial antibiotics. The use of aqueous extract of johar leaf has been known to have antibacterial activity in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of aqueous extract of johar leaves (Senna siamea) injection on survival and blood profile of snakehead fish (Channa striata) in vivo. This research was a laboratory study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications with a total sample of 75 snakehead fish. The fish in KA, KB, KC and KD groups were injected with aqueous extract of johar leaves with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% respectively, while in KE group the fish was injected with distilled water (control). The parameters of this study were the survival rate and blood profile of snakehead fish. Blood hematology examination included calculation of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit percentage, leukocyte count, and thrombocyte count. The research data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan's Multiple Distance test. Injection of aqueous extract of johar leaf did not affect the survival rate of snakehead fish. However, hemoglobin and platelet levels significant decrease in the group given 60% concentration of aqueous extract of johar leaf. It can be concluded that aqueous extract of johar leaf at a concentration of 10%, 20%, 40% is safe to use in snakehead fish.Keywords:Johar leaves extractSnakehead fishBlood profileSurvival rate