Multiple Viewpoints Research Articles

Surveying Position Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor and Ad-hoc Networks

A focus of the scientific community is to design network oriented position-based routing protocols and this has resulted in a very high number of algorithms, different in approach and performance and each suited only to particular applications. However, though numerous, very few position-based algorithms have actually been adopted for commercial purposes. This article is a survey of almost 50 position-based routing protocols and it comes as an aid in the implementation of this type of routing in various applications which may need to consider the advantages and pitfalls of position-based routing. An emphasis is made on geographic routing, whose notion is clarified as a more restrictive and more efficient type of position-based routing. The protocols are therefore divided into geographic and non-geographic routing protocols and each is characterized according to a number of network design issues and presented in a comparative manner from multiple points of view. The main requirements of current general applications are also studied and, depending on these, the survey proposes a number of protocols for use in particular application areas. This aims to help both researchers and potential users assess and choose the protocol best suited to their interest.

A A Narrative of Different Voices: Stylistic Analysis of Multiple Points of View in Zadie Smith’s “NW”

While the post-colonial approach (Fernández Carbajal, 2016; López-Ropero, 2016) has dominated research on Zadie Smith’s postmodern work, NW (2013), there has been little to no stylistic analysis of the novel. The article aims to fill in this theoretical gap by examining the different modes of point of view, indicating how they are linguistically encoded. Using Leech and Short’s model of narratological aspects of viewpoint (2007), the stylistic features of the third-person narrator and the reflectors are revealed. The analysis seeks to demonstrate that the narrative style varies with each shift of perspective and that the voice of the narrator and the characters’ points of view are linguistically intertwined. The research points out the stylistic metamorphosis of the narrator who moves from mimetic storytelling to metafiction, alternating between the covert narrator who foregrounds the characters’ point of view and the overt one who constantly pinpoints the linguistic identity of the novel. The fusion of form and content becomes the storyline of this novel, where the differences between viewpoints of the narrating voices reflect the differences between their lives.

Reconfigurable Metalens with Phase-Change Switching between Beam Acceleration and Rotation for 3D Depth Imaging.

Depth imaging is very important for many emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, driverless vehicles and facial recognition. However, all these applications demand compact and low-power systems that are beyond the capabilities of most state-of-art depth cameras. Recently, metasurface-based depth imaging that exploits point spread function (PSF) engineering has been demonstrated to be miniaturized and single shot without requiring active illumination or multiple viewpoint exposures. A pair of spatially adjacent metalenses with an extended depth-of-field (EDOF) PSF and a depth-sensitive double-helix PSF (DH-PSF) were used, using the former metalens to reconstruct clear images of each depth and the latter to accurately estimate depth. However, due to these two metalenses being non-coaxial, parallax in capturing scenes is inevitable, which would limit the depth precision and field of view. In this work, a bifunctional reconfigurable metalens for 3D depth imaging was proposed by dynamically switching between EDOF-PSF and DH-PSF. Specifically, a polarization-independent metalens working at 1550 nm with a compact 1 mm2 aperture was realized, which can generate a focused accelerating beam and a focused rotating beam at the phase transition of crystalline and amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), respectively. Combined with the deconvolution algorithm, we demonstrated the good capabilities of scene reconstruction and depth imaging using a theoretical simulation and achieved a depth measurement error of only 3.42%.

Visualizing a Common World of Entanglement through Multiple Viewpoints

Abstract The authors explore how multiple viewpoints can challenge our habitualised way of viewing and expand the area of thinking about children’s outdoor learning. They draw on micro-fieldwork in a Sámi kindergarten in Arctic Norway. There, learning through participation and practical experiences is a traditional strategy in child rearing. This method of learning is currently being transformed in Sámi kindergartens, wherein the goal is to strengthen the Sámi language, identity and culture. The authors’ aim is to explore how learning through participation in pedagogical practices could be made visible by employing different viewpoints. They used GoPro® cameras worn on children’s bodies, combined with their own gaze, as well as a handheld video camera used by one of the authors. Such a combination of viewpoints allowed gaining an insight into the complex outdoor kindergarten practices. Drawing on Jayne White’s polyphonic dialogical approach to video, the authors placed these diverse viewpoints in a dialogue during the process of analysis. These dialogues revealed our pre-defined human-centric view and effected a change in our theoretical approach, from socio-cultural learning theories to new materialist theories, to include the premise that children learn in all interactions and entanglements that they are part of in a socio-material world.

Teaching as Complex Intellectual Work: A Phenomenological Study of Social Studies Pedagogy

High quality teaching involves deep content knowledge, understanding students and their learning processes, and complex skills of teaching and assessment. Students who experience high quality teaching tend to achieve higher annual growth rates. This study used a descriptive, qualitative research model to explore excellence in social studies teaching. Purposive sample was used to select district coordinators (n = 4) and their highest quality social studies teachers (n = 9). The process of phenomenological decontextualizing and recontextualizing produced five structural themes. Excellent social studies teachers have intellectual identities that focus on having deep content knowledge and a commitment to learning. They use their deep content knowledge to help students find relevancy. They view themselves as curriculum designers who find and curate their own resources. They facilitate student-centered learning experiences that engage students, encourage inquiry, and allow for student dialogue. Lastly, excellent social studies teachers design learning experiences to get students to think critically about different perspectives, synthesize multiple sources or viewpoints, and consider the lesser told stories of history. These contextualized, phenomenological structures reflect the teaching demands of common frameworks of social studies pedagogy including ambitious teaching approaches, authentic intellectual work, and the college, career, and civic life (C3) framework.

Building Anti-Ableist Museum Education Practices: A Reflection and Facilitation Toolkit

ABSTRACT Building anti-ableist museum education practices into our toolboxes of educational skills is an important way to ensure that museum educators are dismantling the ableism at work in museum interpretation. This paper offers practical strategies for building anti-ableist museum education practices, which we model using one artwork, Enrique Martínez Celaya’s sculpture The Gambler. These strategies include self-reflective practices for educators and facilitation strategies for use with program participants. We suggest these practices in a series of concrete activities based on self-reflection, dialogue and group experimentation with multiple points of view. These activities serve as tools to consider multiple points of view from disabled people and strategies for developing understandings of disability that counter ableist assumptions about disabled people’s happiness, personal fulfillment, and quality of life – conversations that invariably arise when discussing the artistic representations of disabled people in museum collections.

Multi-Robot Collaborative Perception With Graph Neural Networks

Multi-robot systems such as swarms of aerial robots are naturally suited to offer additional flexibility, resilience, and robustness in several tasks compared to a single robot by enabling cooperation among the agents. To enhance the autonomous robot decision-making process and situational awareness, multi-robot systems have to coordinate their perception capabilities to collect, share, and fuse environment information among the agents in an efficient and meaningful way such to accurately obtain context-appropriate information or gain resilience to sensor noise or failures. In this paper, we propose a general-purpose Graph Neural Network (GNN) with the main goal to increase, in multi-robot perception tasks, single robots' inference perception accuracy as well as resilience to sensor failures and disturbances. We show that the proposed framework can address multi-view visual perception problems such as monocular depth estimation and semantic segmentation. Several experiments both using photo-realistic and real data gathered from multiple aerial robots' viewpoints show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in challenging inference conditions including images corrupted by heavy noise and camera occlusions or failures.

A Bidirectional Soft Biomimetic Hand Driven by Water Hydraulic for Dexterous Underwater Grasping

Soft robotics shows considerable promise for various underwater applications. Soft grippers as end-effectors are particularly useful for compliant and robust grasping compared to rigid mechanisms. In this work, we describe the design, fabrication and operation of a soft robotic hand driven by water hydraulics for underwater grasping. The proposed design has, in addition to the five fingers of a human hand, an extra soft thumb arranged symmetrically in an active soft palm. The soft fingers are designed with four chambers to enable bidirectional bending and deflection motions. We propose a novel elastic fiber reinforced structure to enhance and constrain the flexion movements of three palm actuators. The versatility of the underwater robotic hand is evaluated by implementing the human grasping gestures of the Feix taxonomy. Furthermore, we present a low-cost one-camera-multiple-mirrors imaging approach for capturing the grasps from multiple viewpoints simultaneously.

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Robust Copula-Based Detection of Shallow-Buried Landmines With Forward-Looking Radar

We propose a technique for landmine detection using forward-looking ground-penetrating radar. The detector is applied to radar images obtained from multiple viewpoints of the region of interest and is based on a robust version of the likelihood ratio test (LRT). We incorporate the statistical dependence between multiview images into the test via copula-based model. The test is designed to maximize the worst-case performance over all feasible pairs of target and clutter distributions, thereby eliminating the need for strong assumptions about the image statistics. We evaluate the detection performance of the proposed technique for different copula functions representing the dependence structure. Using electromagnetic modeled data of shallow-buried targets under varying ground surface roughness profiles, we demonstrate the superiority of the robust copula-based detector over existing parametric and robust LRT approaches designed under the assumption of statistical independence of multiview images.

A Theatrical Study of Ikram Azam's Short Peace Plays

This piece of research pursues the critical investigation of the distancing devices used in Ikram Azam’s Short Peace Plays: The Quaid at the Jinnah Road, The Two Voices, The Vicious Circle, and The Sepulture. Naïve characters with their simplistic but basic questions on the sociopolitical ailments confronting the nation alienate and orient the reader dynamically. The dialectical juxtaposition of characters, with multiple points of views, has always been a popular technique to produce the spectacular discourse. In addition to the unity of opposites, the role of the narratological analogies is well entrenched in these plays. Courts rooms and dead bodies play their role very tactfully in imparting staginess to the text. Wars and their impacts on each and every aspect of social life are not less important than other techniques of theatricality. Historical characters that remain an integral part of the unconsciousness and the conscience of the society. Memories, dreams, and histrionic words and actions also play their role to contribute to the theatrics of the data. The study is informed by Mohsen Mosilhi A. Barakat’s Theatricality of Edward Bond’s Plays (2021). The use of theatrical techniques produces a dynamic awareness of the burning issues of the Pakistani society.

An FGM decomposition-based fuzzy MCDM method for selecting smart technology applications to support mobile health care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

In a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, a decision maker may have differing viewpoints on the relative priorities of criteria. However, traditional methods merge these viewpoints into a single one, which leads to an unrepresentative decision-making result. Several recent methods identify the multiple viewpoints of a decision maker by decomposing the decision maker’s fuzzy judgment matrix into several symmetric fuzzy subjudgment matrices, which is an inflexible strategy. To enhance flexibility, this study proposed a fuzzy geometric mean (FGM) decomposition-based fuzzy MCDM method in which FGM is applied to decompose a fuzzy judgment matrix into several fuzzy subjudgment matrices that can be asymmetric. These fuzzy subjudgment matrices are diverse and more consistent than the original fuzzy judgment matrix. The proposed methodology was applied to select the best choice from a group of smart technology applications for supporting mobile health care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the experimental results, the proposed methodology provided a novel approach to decomposing fuzzy judgment matrices and produced more diverse fuzzy subjudgment matrices.

Adapted agency: how connected (Dutch) police professionals rework their professional capabilities

Abstract Increasingly, public professionals deal with complex issues, stakeholders, and publics. The so-called protective notions of professionalism no longer seem sufficient; they are reconfigured into more ‘connective’ forms. This involves dealing with tensions, dilemmas, and contradictions, calling for abilities to tackle these. Professionals will have to work on how they work, on their standards, routines, and practices. On the basis of an action-oriented research project, aimed at understanding the rise and results of new forms of police professionalism, we analyze what Dutch police professionals actually do when they perform connective work. We focus on policing, as this field experiences a transition from practice-based to knowledge-intensive forms of professionalism, relating police actions to societal stakeholders and issues. Based on observations of work practices of higher educated police professionals as well as interviews and educational interventions, we conclude that police professionals cannot simply ‘apply’ knowledge and competencies to practice, in order to solve societal problems. Rather, they gradually ‘develop’ capabilities (i.e., situational, analytical, and normative capabilities), in order to combine different forms of professional knowledge in real-life situations. Our research shows this is complicated. They ‘mess with’ how police professionalism ‘normally’ works. Police professionals are adapting their agency; they are performing ‘agency work’. They try to get a sense of the situation, explore multiple viewpoints, and demonstrate their added value. We argue that our conclusions are relevant for other professional fields.

Black Critical Patriotism: An Inquiry for Social Justice

Black Critical Patriotism: An Inquiry for Social Justice Terrance Lewis (bio) Ahmaud Arbery, COVID-19, George Floyd, Black Lives Matter protests, Breonna Taylor, and the election of President Joseph Biden. [1] These pivotal events and others from 2020 revealed much about societal norms and conditions currently existing within the United States of America, which many consider to be post-racial. While many of those events affected all communities in negative ways, no community felt it worse than those who have been historically excluded from fully benefiting from the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens born or naturalized in America. [2] To add to that, I believe many of the events from 2020 not only revealed but exacerbated the unfair societal conditions already facing members of historically excluded communities, leaving many questioning the validity of America’s claim to be a post-racial society. I find it impossible to consider America a post-racial society without questioning the existence and impact of dominant power structures stemming from one of the darkest moments in American history, the period of enslavement. Those power structures, in my opinion, continue to be dominated by race, gender, and class. Furthermore, research and the recent racial injustices occurring in 2020 suggest historically excluded communities within the United States do not have equal experiences with the same political systems promising equal opportunity for all. [3] Unfortunately, this reality is not isolated, and has continued to occur since the arrival of diverse groups in America. Therefore, the time has come for America to speak honestly regarding the negative ramifications of enslavement currently existing within society. In complete honesty, this will be easier said than done, especially given the current amount of polarization in American society. [4] A quick view of social media platforms will show the difficulty of engaging in simple civil discourse regarding [End Page 19] anything considered controversial or political.[5] However, I believe civil discourse and open discussion are the first steps in dismantling the dominant power structure in America and making America a more equitable country for its entire citizenry. While every entity and everyone has a role to play, schools are uniquely positioned to play a major role achieving this goal. Given the diversity of perspectives present in most schools, they are gold mines for teaching students how to civilly discuss, engage, and respond to those with whom they might differ. This type of instruction will be critical in achieving and sustaining worthwhile change beneficial to everyone living in American society. Furthermore, a proper and effective social studies education requires such instruction. According to the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) Position Statement, a powerful social studies education prepares students to be productive citizens, requires students to “confront multiple dilemmas,” and “encourages students to speculate, think critically, and make personal and civic decisions on information from multiple perspectives.” [6] It goes on to say powerful social studies should be value-based and include multiple points of view. While I agree with all these assertions, I believe an effective social studies education goes a step further by equipping students with tools to challenge and ultimately change dominant power structures they deem unjust or unfair. Critical pedagogy, social justice pedagogy, and abolitionist teaching include the major components associated with this form of teaching. [7] Therefore, any conversation examining the impact of dominant power structures must occur through a lens of social justice where all perspectives are included, heard, and respected. I believe that this will lead to the creation of a more equitable society. While the results of this practice are promising, this must be a collaborative effort. Although much of the conversation surrounding the teaching of civil discourse occurs within the field of social studies education, it needs to be included across all content areas. All content areas present opportunities for students to engage and discuss with others who have differing experiences and perspectives. Given these opportunities, social studies classes must take the lead in modeling and implementing this work. Nevertheless, research suggests many students are not engaging in active or critical learning requiring them to consider multiple perspectives, debate, or engage in discussion, which are all skills needed for productive civil discourse...

Discerning Relational Data in Breath Patterns. Gilbert Simondon’s Philosophy in the Context of Sequence Transduction

This article discusses Gilbert Simondon’s philosophies of the technical object, information, and individuation to frame the potential inherent in a practical application of his notions of intensity, amplification, and transduction of relational processes, which have been largely neglected in the traditions of substantialist and hylomorphic thought. Specifically, the study introduces a method to discern relational information by amplifying audible breath patterns of a collective via a wearable digital stethoscope (WDS). The non-lexical modality of the breath grants insights into non-verbal phases of communication during which multiple points of view may exist simultaneously. These points of view can be understood as a subject’s sense of orientation within phases prior to signification, i.e., before affect becomes a specific emotion and before perception becomes a concrete action—using the terms as they are defined by Simondon. Bodily movement is audible within the breath and can be further transcribed into preliminary signs with the help of a sequence transduction machine learning (ML) model. Discerning semiosis within audible breath patterns exemplifies a logic of computation which is not concerned with quantitative and qualitative information but, instead, computes intense data to grasp relational dynamics.

Female Aggression: Evolution’s Not So Secret Weapon

In the present article, we examine the relatively recent and substantial increase in physical aggression among adolescent females. We review what is known about the prevalence and specific characteristics of aggression among adolescent females, and then propose a novel way of understanding this behavior. Existing evidence from multiple academic disciplines is reviewed and integrated to propose a new framework for considering the underpinnings of physical aggression in females. Most examinations of physical aggression in females have focused on non-human animal models of maternal aggression. In spite of this, the growing prevalence of physical aggression among adolescent females continues to be poorly understood. We endeavor to integrate multiple viewpoints on female aggression and posit a conceptualization of female aggression among adolescents that reflects an immature, socially inexperienced, precursor to functional maternal aggression.

A Model for Viewpoint Control in Requirements Elicitation

Requirements elicitation from multiple human sources involves uncertainty management. Most requirements analysis methods focus on expressing the requirements and ignore the uncertainty inherent in the process of requirements elicitation. This paper proposed a model for requirements elicitation from multiple viewpoints. The model is based on the idea of building internal models of the viewpoints that record their performance in providing information, assessing information, and resolving conflicts between viewpoints. The paper argues that the proposed approach provides a better mechanism in information validation and conflicts resolution. The paper is part of the work reported by the author in Messaoudi (1994).

DWT based Person Re-Identification using GAN

The recent development in person re-identification has challenging task for variations in pose, illumination, expression, and also similar appearance between two different persons. In this paper, we propose Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based person re-identification using Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). The CMU multi-PIE face database with multiple viewpoints and illuminations is considered to test the model. The profile side view face images to be tested are converted into frontal face images using Two-pathway generator adversarial network (TP-GAN). The frontal face images are loaded into the server to create server database. The synthesized TP-GAN images and server database images are pre-processed to convert RGB into grayscale images and also to convert into uniform face image dimensions. The person re-identification is based on feature extraction through DWT, which generates one low frequency LL band and three high frequency bands LH, HL and HH. The LL band coefficients are considered as final features, which are noise-free and compressed number of features. The features of profile side view images and server database images are compared using Normalized Euclidean Distance (NED) and threshold values for person re-identification.

Beyond Western Shores: A Dialogue

Integrating musical and sonic forms and materials from world music into music theory classes steeped in Western musical concepts raises challenging questions and pedagogical conundrums: How might instructors engender interest in students with no training or background in non-Western musical materials? Could non-Western music (NWM) stimulate deeper thinking and understanding about the broader contexts of music production, such as its culture, religion, politics, and history, as well as indigenous musical terms and concepts? To what extent should critical contextual consideration be given prior to the study of non-Western sounds, musics, or performances? How might students and instructors alike engage NWM without extending the troubling histories of colonialism, western hegemony, and privileged, white perspectives? To address these and other questions from multiple viewpoints, this article takes the form of a dialogue between two students and two music professors, the latter representing the disciplines of music theory and ethnomusicology. As these four interlocutors explore the questions above, they also consider and revise a "Pin Drop" assignment, in which music theory students explore the musical culture found at various locations selected around the globe. Rather than offer any final conclusions, the dialogue itself demonstrates how the productive tensions that arise when studying and teaching NWM in Western music classrooms, when examined from multiple disciplinary angles, can be mutually beneficial and enriching, making possible new musical insights, methodological syntheses, and pedagogical priorities.

Functioning of Declarative Memory: Intersection between Neuropsychology and Mathematics

The understanding of memory has been a constant challenge for scientific research for centuries. The mnemonic processes, which determine the identity of the human being, have been investigated through multiple points of view, such as the psychological, neurophysiological and physical ones. The result is complex and multifaceted visions that should be integrated to provide a unitary and complete interpretation. A survey of the most recent scientific literature is carried out on the functioning of declarative memory, to analyse the relationship between real information coming from the outside world, the encoded event and the recovered memory. The aim of the essay is to investigate the neural correlates, which regulate the cognitive system in question, through a dual neuropsychological-mathematical interpretation. Neuropsychology sheds light on the anatomical, physiological and psychic mechanisms of memory while Mathematics associates the corresponding mathematical configurations to neural networks. The reunification process between the two disciplines is achieved through neuromorphic computational simulation that emulates mind uploading. The assembly of artificial neurons has the potential to clarify in detail the memory processes, the functioning of neural correlates and to carry out the mapping of the biological brain. We hope that the results obtained will provide new knowledge on mnestic mechanisms to contribute to the evolution of disciplines such as General Psychology, Forensic Neuroscience, Cognitive Rehabilitation and Awake Surgery.