Multiple-vehicle Accidents Research Articles

Fatal Accidents among Car and Truck Drivers: Effects of Fatigue, Age, and Alcohol Consumption

Fatigue increases the risk of an accident if the driver, on recognizing symptoms of fatigue, does not stop driving. We studied whether a tendency to continue the current activity and complete the task especially affects younger drivers, who are more susceptible to motivational pressures at the wheel in general. The data consisted of Finnish in-depth studies on 586 single-vehicle and 1357 multiple-vehicle accidents in which at least one vehicle occupant died. When excluding alcohol-related cases, the results showed that, first, trailer-truck drivers who either fell asleep or were tired to a degree that contributed to the accident were younger than those involved in the other fatalities. For car drivers, the proportion of fatigue-related cases was approximately constant in each age group, but a variation was seen when studied according to the time of day of the accident, mainly resulting from two distinct peaks. The first was in young drivers 18 to 20 years old between midnight and 6:00 a.m. The other occurred in drivers 56 years and older during the late afternoon hours. These data also indicate that in terms of fatal accidents, fatigue and alcohol seem to be less of a problem for truckers than for car drivers.

The effectiveness of seat belt legislation in reducing various driver-involved injury rates in California∗

This study makes use of econometric models to examine the impact of seat belt laws on various driver-involved injury rates in California in both single- and multiple-vehicle accidents. The study makes use of a large data set from the U.S. D.O.T. State Traffic Accident Files and accounts for the general impact of seat belt laws as well as their dynamic effects on injury rates. The models adjust for a wide range of additional contributing factors to injury rates, including the influence of unemployment rates, speed limits, companion effects, and others. Robust results are obtained for the efficacy of seat belt legislation on reducing (moderate to fatal) injury rates in California.

Differences between single- and multiple-automobile fatal accidents

This communication discusses probable similarities and differences between single-vehicle and multiple-vehicle accidents. The investigation is based upon all fatal automobile accidents in the whole of Sweden [1975]. It is shown that single-vehicle accidents are more common on weekends and late in the day. Collisions between vehicles occurred often during bad weather conditions. Single-vehicle accidents happened more often on roads with lower speed limits than did collisions between vehicles. In single-vehicle accidents the drivers were markedly younger, more often drunken, and showed severe signs of social deviance. These features of the drivers in single-vehicle accidents significantly differed from drivers involved in collisions between vehicles even when results were corrected with regard to the fact that there are always two drivers involved in collisions between vehicles, and thus 50% of the drivers in these accidents supposedly represent what could be called average drivers. The use of seat belts and possession of driver's licenses were much lower in single-vehicle accidents. The question of psychopathic states in drivers involved in single-vehicle accidents is raised.