Multiple Transitions Research Articles

Agroecological Pathways of Family Farmers in Northern Uruguay

In Uruguay, to address the socio-environmental problems generated by the production model resulting from the Green Revolution, several civil society organizations promoted the creation of a National Agroecology Plan (NAP) in 2015. The enactment of Law No.19.717, declaring a general interest and establishing a National Honorary Commission and a National Plan for the Promotion of Production with Agroecological Bases, along with recent calls from the “Senda Agroecológica” initiative, provide a favorable scenario to envision new production systems with agroecological foundations and pose a challenge for agronomic research. Despite this law defining family farmers as its main beneficiaries and the majority being livestock producers, there are few studies on the role of their technical and organizational practices in agroecological transition and the definition of agroecology. To contribute to filling this gap, the research aimed to identify the role of these practices, both individually and collectively, in defining agroecology and its trajectory. A theoretical framework and methodology were developed to analyze the practices and strategies of family livestock farmers and their relationships with technicians. Situations of change were identified, such as tick biological control and natural field management, through interviews and group work with farmers and technicians. Agroecological transition trajectories were analyzed, considering the role of territories in coordinating actions among diverse actors and establishing new identities and action devices, such as public policies and institutional projects. Results at both individual and collective levels indicate multiple transition paths, dependent on the specific situation of farms and projects. The analyzed cases reveal diversity in transitions without any prevailing. The challenge lies in turning these transformations into drivers of processes towards a strong agroecology, requiring support, assistance and guidance actions in the implementation of public policies.

Emission linewidth broadening in quantum cascade lasers induced by multiple intersubband transitions

Emission linewidth broadening in quantum cascade lasers induced by multiple intersubband transitions

Nonlinear optical signatures of topological Dirac fermion.

Dirac fermion in topological materials exhibits intriguing nonlinear optical responses. However, their direct correlation with the linearly dispersed band remains elusive experimentally. Here, we take topological semimetal ZrSiS as a paradigm, unveiling three unique nonlinear optical signatures of Dirac fermion. These signatures include strong quadrupolar response, quantum interference effect, and exponential divergent four-wave mixing (FWM), all of which are described by the prominent third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility. Resonantly enhanced by linear bands, quadrupolar second harmonic generation in centrosymmetric bulk overwhelms the electric-dipole contribution at the surface with inherent inversion symmetry breaking. Furthermore, owing to the interference between multiple resonant transition pathways within linear bands, difference-frequency FWM is several orders of magnitude stronger than sum-frequency FWM and third harmonic generation. The difference-frequency FWM further displays an inverse-square divergence toward degenerate excitation, whose scaling law perfectly matches with the long-sought behavior of Dirac fermion. These signatures lay the solid foundation toward the practical applications of topological materials in nonlinear optoelectronics and photonics.

Navigating through the Storm—The Challenges of the Energy Transition in the European Union

As civilization and technology have developed, there have been multiple energy transitions that have pushed various resources like coal, wood, oil, and gas to the forefront of the energy mix. Due to a variety of geopolitical initiatives, there have been progressively more restrictions on the energy sector in recent years. One of the main concerns of researchers is the widespread use of renewable energy and the replacement of fossil resources. The utilization of non-renewable energy sources results in a detrimental increase in greenhouse gas emissions. One of the most crucial strategies for lowering energy consumption and enhancing the energy system’s sustainability is to increase energy efficiency. Numerous studies note that energy transition has become necessary in the modern day. Using the analysis of the main components as an extraction method, hierarchical cluster analysis, this study focuses on the situation of the states of the European Union in their race for energy transition, taking into account the main challenges generated by geopolitical tensions and the energy poverty spectrum for the population. The conclusions of the study call for a reconfiguration of the energy mix based on renewable energy. Increasing the share of renewable energy is a goal pursued by EU countries, but energy policies must be considered in a broader context that includes the social aspects of the energy transition. So, just transition is a new concept that reshapes the actions of public authorities on the path to a low-carbon economy. Just transition is a necessity that puts the consumer at the center of attention so that the negative externalities generated by the move away from fossil fuels are minimized in terms of social impact.

Pre-service teachers’ adaptability to blended teaching and its predictors

Blended teaching (BT) in pre-service teacher (PST) education has significantly increased, particularly owing to the impact of COVID-19. However, there is limited literature on how pre-service teachers (PSTs) adjust to this mode of teaching. This study provides new longitudinal evidence on the adaptability of PSTs (n = 1285) and its predictors, including perceived social support, blended teaching behaviors, and demographics, over the course of one semester of multiple transitions in teaching format. The findings indicated a decrease in both behavioral cognition and affective adaptability, with the latter significantly decreasing. Perceived support and teacher educators’ blended teaching behaviors significantly predicted initial levels and changing rates in both adaptability domains. Female PSTs reported higher initial adaptability and a less pronounced decrease than male PSTs. Implications are drawn regarding the need for specific interventions to promote PSTs’ adaptability to uncertainties and improve teacher educators’ pedagogical techniques in blended teaching contexts.

Respect for the Patient-Oncologist Relationship May Limit Serious Illness Communication by Acute and Postacute Care Clinicians After Discharge to a Skilled Nursing Facility

PURPOSE There is a need to increase palliative care access for hospitalized older adults with cancer discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) at risk of poor outcomes. Assessing and Listening to Individual Goals and Needs (ALIGN) is a palliative care intervention developed to address this gap. This study gathered perspectives from clinicians across care settings to describe perceptions on serious illness communication and care coordination for patients with cancer after discharge to a SNF to guide ALIGN refinements. METHODS We conducted 37 semistructured interviews with clinicians and leaders in hospital medicine (n = 12), oncology (n = 9), palliative care (n = 12), home health care (n = 6), and hospice (n = 4). Some participants had experience working in more than one specialty. The Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model framework was used to develop the interview guide that explored barriers to care, prognosis discussions, and hospice recommendations. Interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Analysis identified four themes: (1) discharge to a SNF is recognized as a time of worsening prognosis; (2) care silos create communication and information barriers during a period of increasing palliative care need; (3) family caregiver distress escalates following care transitions; and (4) lack of clarity of roles and respect for the patient-oncologist relationship limits prognostic communication and changes in focus of treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acute and postacute care clinicians defer serious illness conversations to the oncologist when patients are on a steep trajectory of decline, experiencing multiple care transitions, and may have limited contact with their oncologist. There is a need to clarify roles among nononcology and oncology clinicians in discussing prognosis and recommending hospice for older adults discharged to SNF.

Insights into the mechanisms of optical cavity-modified ground-state chemical reactions

In this work, we systematically investigate the mechanisms underlying the rate modification of ground-state chemical reactions in an optical cavity under vibrational strong-coupling conditions. We employ a symmetric double-well description of the molecular potential energy surface and a numerically exact open quantum system approach—the hierarchical equations of motion in twin space with a matrix product state solver. Our results predict the existence of multiple peaks in the photon frequency-dependent rate profile for a strongly anharmonic molecular system with multiple vibrational transition energies. The emergence of a new peak in the rate profile is attributed to the opening of an intramolecular reaction pathway, energetically fueled by the cavity photon bath through a resonant cavity mode. The peak intensity is determined jointly by kinetic factors. Going beyond the single-molecule limit, we examine the effects of the collective coupling of two molecules to the cavity. We find that when two identical molecules are simultaneously coupled to the same resonant cavity mode, the reaction rate is further increased. This additional increase is associated with the activation of a cavity-induced intermolecular reaction channel. Furthermore, the rate modification due to these cavity-promoted reaction pathways remains unaffected, regardless of whether the molecular dipole moments are aligned in the same or opposite direction as the light polarization.

Deconstructing the physical output between tapering sessions, match days, and post-match training sessions: A single case report

Talented adolescent professional soccer players can experience multiple within-career transitions during the course of a competitive season in Major League Soccer. Consequently, players may shift between multiple team environments, including the first team (FT), reserve team (RT) and youth national team (NT). When changing environments, players must adapt and cope with increased physical demands associated with training and competing in the FT (Morris et al., 2016, J Appl Sport Psych, 28, 375-391), as well as the NT (McKay et al., 2022, J Appl Sport Psych, 34, 1272-1294). Consequently, the aim of this single case report was to analyse the physical output during matches, tapering and post-match sessions from a professional adolescent shifting between multiple team environments. External load data were collected via Global Positioning Systems (GPS) for an entire competitive season in three different environments (FT, RT, NT) across tapering sessions (MD-2 and MD-1), match days (MD), and post-match training sessions (MD+1/+2; ≥60 and <60 minutes played). The following intensity related measures (i.e., relative distance covered in meters, which is divided by the duration of the training session or match in minutes) were extracted for analysis: total distance covered, distance covered in multiple speed zones (Zone 1: 0-0.6 km/h; Zone 2: 0.7-7.1 km/h; Zone 3: 7.2-14.3 km/h; Zone 4: 14.4-.19.7 km/h; Zone 5: 19.8-25.1 km/h; Zone 6: >25.1 km/h), moderate speed running distance (>Z4; MSRD), and high speed running distance (>Z5; HSRD). A multivariate analysis of variance with physical output variables as dependent variables and session type (MD+/-) as fixed factors was conducted. The results indicated that the session type had a significant effect on all variables (F8,128 = 22.14-158.86; P < 0.01; ES = 0.41-0.83), as well as the environment (F2,128 = 3.8-26.7; P < 0.5; ES = 0.06-0.30) except relative distance covered in Z6 and SPD (P > 0.05). However, the interaction between session type and environment had no significant effect on any variable (P > 0.05), except for total distance (F8,128 = 2.33; P = 0.02; ES = 0.13) and distance covered in Z1 (F8,128 = 5.32; p<0.001; ES = 0.25). In conclusion, the adolescent professional player was exposed to different relative intensities in training and matches across multiple team environments over the course of a competitive season. In particular, the adolescent player recorded greater relative intensities in the FT environment relative to the RT and NT environments.

An ultra wide-band, high-sensitivity Q-band receiver for single-dish telescopes, eQ: Rest-frequency determination of CCS (JN = 43–32) and SO (JN = 10–01) and high-redshift CO (J = 1–0) detection

Abstract We report on the development and commissioning of a new Q-band receiver for the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, covering 30–50 GHz with a receiver noise temperature of about 15 K. We name it eQ (extended Q-band) receiver. The system noise temperatures for observations are measured to be ∼30 K at 33 GHz and ∼75 K at 45 GHz. The half-power beam-width (HPBW) is around 38${^{\prime \prime }}$ at 43 GHz. To enhance the observation capability, we tested the smoothed bandpass calibration technique and demonstrated that the observation time can be significantly reduced compared to the standard position switch technique. The wide-bandwidth capability of this receiver provides precise determination of rest frequencies for molecular transitions with an accuracy of a few kHz through simultaneous observations of multiple transitions. Particularly, we determined the rest frequency of SO (JN = 10–01) to be 30.001542 GHz, along with the rest frequency of CCS (JN = 43–32) being 45.379033 GHz, adopting CCS (JN = 32–21) at 33.751370 GHz as a reference line. The SO profile shows a double peak shape at the Cyanopolyyne Peak (CP) position of the Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1). The SO peaks coincide well with the CCS sub-components located near the outer parts of the TMC-1 filament. We interpret that the gravitational infall of TMC-1 generates shocks which enhance the SO abundance. The TMC-1 map shows that carbon-chain molecules are more abundant in the southern part of the filament, whereas SO is more abundant in the northern part. The eQ’s excellent sensitivity allowed us to detect faint CO (J = 1–0) spectra from the high-redshift object at a redshift of 2.442. Our receiver is expected to open new avenues for high-sensitivity molecular line observations in the Q-band.

Transition experiences of patients with post stroke dysphagia and family caregivers: A longitudinal, qualitative study.

Stroke patients with dysphagia and family caregivers will experience multiple transitions during the whole process of the disease and various nursing needs will be generated. There is a lack of knowledge about their experiences at different transition stages. Thus, we aimed to explore the transition experiences of patients with post stroke dysphagia and family caregivers from admission to discharge home. A semi-structured interview based on Meleis's transition theory was used during hospitalization and telephone follow-up interviews were conducted in the first, third, and sixth month after the diagnosis of dysphagia. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. A total of 17 participants enrolled in the first face-to-face interview, 16 participants took part in the first month's telephone follow-up interview, 14 participants in the third month, and 12 participants in the sixth month. The transition experiences of patients with post stroke dysphagia and family caregivers could be summarized into three themes: (1)transition from onset to admission; (2)transition from discharge to other rehabilitation institutions; and (3)transition from discharge to home. Each theme had identified interrelated subthemes. The experiences of patients with post stroke dysphagia and family caregivers during transition are a dynamic process with enormous challenges in each phase. Collaboration with health care professionals, follow-up support after discharge, and available community and social support should be integrated into transitional nursing to help patients facilitate their transition.

The link between ancient whole-genome duplications and cold adaptations in the Caryophyllaceae.

The Caryophyllaceae (the carnation family) have undergone multiple transitions into colder climates and convergence on cushion plant adaptation, indicating that they may provide a natural system for cold adaptation research. Previous research has suggested that putative ancient whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are correlated with niche shifts into colder climates across the Caryophyllales. Here, we explored the genomic changes potentially involved in one of these discovered shifts in the Caryophyllaceae. We constructed a data set combining 26 newly generated transcriptomes with 45 published transcriptomes, including 11 cushion plant species across seven genera. With this data set, we inferred a dated phylogeny for the Caryophyllaceae and mapped ancient WGDs and gene duplications onto the phylogeny. We also examined functional groups enriched for gene duplications related to the climatic shift. The ASTRAL topology was mostly congruent with the current consensus of relationships within the family. We inferred 15 putative ancient WGDs in the family, including eight that have not been previously published. The oldest ancient WGD (ca. 64.4-56.7 million years ago), WGD1, was found to be associated with a shift into colder climates by previous research. Gene regions associated with ubiquitination were overrepresented in gene duplications retained after WGD1 and those convergently retained by cushion plants in Colobanthus and Eremogone, along with other functional annotations. Gene family expansions induced by ancient WGDs may have contributed to the shifts to cold climatic niches in the Caryophyllaceae. Transcriptomic data are crucial resources that help unravel heterogeneity in deep-time evolutionary patterns in plants.

Innovative amorphous multiple anionic transition metal compound electrode for extreme environments (≤ −80 °C) battery operations

The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that function reliably in extreme environments has driven research efforts towards optimizing electrolyte composition, solid electrolyte interphase formation, and electrode materials. In this study, we pioneer an approach that utilizes amorphous-structured multiple anionic transition metal compounds as anodes, strategically paired with a cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)-based electrolyte, known for facilitating efficient Li+ conduction at low-temperatures. The synergistic effect yields exceptional LIB performance over a wide range of operating temperatures, stemming from the unique iron hydroxyl selenide (Fe(OH)Se) anode with a layered structure, enhanced ion diffusion pathways, and reduced energy requirements for conversion reactions combined with the CPME-based electrolyte. Specifically, Li//Fe(OH)Se LIBs with the CPME-based electrolyte exhibits initial discharge capacities of 974.7 mA h g−1 (at 1.0 A g−1) at room temperature, 285.2 mA h g−1 (at 0.025 A g−1) at −80 °C, and 1066.9 mA h g−1 (at 0.2 A g−1) at 45 °C. Notably, even at the extreme low-temperature of −100 °C, these LIBs remain operable.

Calorimetric, optical and dielectric measurements on two Schiff's based liquid crystalline materials exhibiting multiple phase transitions.

We report high-resolution calorimetric, optical and dielectric studies on two Schiff's based liquid crystalline materials, 4O.5 and 5O.5, which exhibit multiple phase transitions. The study goes beyond the commonly studied isotropic-to-nematic (I-N) and nematic-to-smectic A (N-SmA) phase transitions and explores higher-order smectic phase transitions. The critical exponent, α values, for different phase transitions has been explored. For the I-N, N-SmA, SmA-SmC, SmC-SmF, SmF-CrG and SmB-CrG transitions, α values close to 0.5 and amplitude ratios A-/A+ ~ 1.6 and D-/D+ ~ 1 indicate a first-order nature. Notably, for the SmA-SmB transition, although α (≈ 0.64) is larger than the tricritical value of 0.5, A-/A+ ~ 1.2 and D-/D+ ~ 1, and the study reports an order parameter critical exponent (β) of 0.26 ± 0.002, which supports a tricritical nature for this transition. Importantly, the ratios of A-/A+ and D-/D+ are found to have similar values across all three-measurement methods, indicating consistency and agreement among these methods.

Not So Windy After All: MUSE Disentangles AGN-driven Winds from Merger-induced Flows in Galaxies along the Starburst Sequence

Poststarburst galaxies are believed to be in a rapid transition between major merger starbursts and quiescent ellipticals, where active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback is suggested as one of the processes responsible for the quenching. To study the role of AGN feedback, we constructed a sample of poststarburst candidates with AGN and indications of ionized outflows in optical. We use MUSE/VLT observations to spatially resolve the properties of the stars and multiphase gas in five of them. All galaxies show signatures of interaction/merger in their stellar or gas properties, with some at an early stage of interaction with companions ∼50 kpc, suggesting that optical poststarburst signatures may be present well before the final starburst and coalescence. We detect narrow and broad kinematic components in multiple transitions in all the galaxies. Our detailed analysis of their kinematics and morphology suggests that, contrary to our expectation, the properties of the broad kinematic components are inconsistent with AGN-driven winds in three out of five galaxies. The two exceptions are also the only galaxies in which spatially resolved NaID P-Cygni profiles are detected. In some cases, the observations are more consistent with interaction-induced galactic-scale flows, an often overlooked process. These observations raise the question of how to interpret broad kinematic components in interacting and perhaps also in active galaxies, in particular when spatially resolved observations are not available or cannot rule out merger-induced galactic-scale motions. We suggest that NaID P-Cygni profiles are more effective outflow tracers, and use them to estimate the energy that is carried by the outflow.

Competition between external and internal electric fields induced multiple transitions of pole and pyroelectric currents in tetracobalt diniobate

Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) related internal electric field (Eint) is found to influence the pyrocurrent of multiferroics greatly, but its effect on the pole current of magnetoelectric (ME) materials has never been studied. In this article, ME antiferromagnet tetracobalt diniobate is cooled under an external electric field (Eext) from 125 K to generate the TSDC related Eint. Under a magnetic field (H), the pole current while cooling in the presence of Eint and Eext, and the subsequent pyrocurrent while heating without applying Eext is studied. Competition between Eext and Eint induces multiple transitions of pole current, and some transitions gradually disappear with increasing H. The pyrocurrent shows three transitions that are ascribed to the domain switching by Eint, depolarization of negative and positive domains, respectively. With increasing H, the transition at the highest temperature gradually disappears, indicating that the polarization is easier to be switched under a stronger H, which is explained both from the aspects of electrostatic potential energy and the special magnetic structure responsible for magnetoelectricity.

PH Indicators for Strong Molecular Bases: A Theoretical Approach.

The transition points in hexamethylphosphoramide are theoretically studied for a series of acid-base indicators. Three new indicators with multiple transition points and deeply colored low-nucleophilic anions are designed. A general basicity scale is established for highly basic hexamethylphosphoramide solutions, expanding beyond the basicity of the strongest currently known molecular bases.

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analytical Methods for the Quantitation of p-Cresol Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate in Human Matrices: Biological Applications and Diagnostic Potentials.

Indoxyl sulfate (IxS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) are toxic uremic compounds with documented pathological outcomes. This review critically and comprehensively analyzes the available liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods quantifying IxS and pCS in human matrices and the biological applications of these validated assays. Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until December 2023 to identify assays with complete analytical and validation data (N = 23). Subsequently, citation analysis with PubMed and Scopus was utilized to identify the biological applications for these assays (N = 45). The extraction methods, mobile phase compositions, chromatography, and ionization methods were evaluated with respect to overall assay performance (e.g., sensitivity, separation, interference). Most of the assays focused on human serum/plasma, utilizing acetonitrile or methanol (with ammonium acetate/formate or formic/acetic acid), liquid-liquid extraction, reverse phase (e.g., C18) chromatography, and gradient elution for analyte separation. Mass spectrometry conditions were also consistent in the identified papers, with negative electrospray ionization, select multiple reaction monitoring transitions and deuterated internal standards being the most common approaches. The validated biological applications indicated IxS and/or pCS were correlated with renal disease progression and cardiovascular outcomes, with limited data on central nervous system disorders. Methods for reducing IxS and/or pCS concentrations were also identified (e.g., drugs, natural products, diet, dialysis, transplantation) where inconsistent findings have been reported. The clinical monitoring of IxS and pCS is gaining significant interest, and this review will serve as a useful compendium for scientists and clinicians.

Modulation on structure and electric properties by tantalum of lead‐free NaNbO3 ceramics

AbstractThe variation of structural and electric properties is investigated via different characterization methods for NaNbO3 ceramics modified with Ta5+ ions. At room temperature, substitution of Ta5+ ions can effectively induce the phase coexistence and transition between orthorhombic antiferroelectric P and orthorhombic ferroelectric Q phase in NaNb1‐xTaxO3 ceramics. Thus, the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties could be regulated with the maximum value of d33 (~37.3) at x = 0.05. Besides, with increasing temperature, multiple phase transitions are demonstrated through dielectric, XRD, and in situ Raman results. Moreover, the temperature of various phase transitions gradually shifts toward lower temperature with increasing Ta5+ ions. Correspondingly, the modulation mechanism is also discussed based on the evolution of Raman vibration. This work is instructive for regulatable applications of NaNbO3‐based materials.

PhD holders at the boundaries and knowledge brokering

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of PhDs pursuing careers at the boundaries between academic and non-academic sectors, particularly with multiple transitions and dual appointments. However, the professional links that PhD holders pursuing non-academic careers maintain with academia and how these relate to different knowledge brokering activities across sectors remain unexplored. To fill this gap, 39 PhD holders working beyond academia in Spain in the fields of Social Sciences, Humanities, and STEM were interviewed. The results revealed that PhD holders navigate diverse professional links with academia, including both organisational and individual-based links, and are involved in a variety of knowledge brokering activities gathered in four distinct qualitative profiles: the professional co-creator, the valuable knowledge holder, the bridge builder, and the knowledgeable associate lecturer. The profiles highlighted a complex relationship with academia, suggesting that in some cases deploying academic links does not secure or explain brokering activities. Moreover, results underscore the influence of career factors such as the organisational culture and support, the research performance in their primary job position, and the disciplinary background. Several research and practical implications of the study are discussed.

LVSP and LBBP result in similar or improved LV synchrony and hemodynamics compared to biventricular pacing

Abstract Background The effect of left ventricular myocardial septal pacing (LVSP) and left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) on ventricular synchrony and LV hemodynamics is poorly understood in unselected cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients. Aim To investigate the impact of LBBP and LVSP on ultra-high-frequency ECG (UHF-ECG) ventricular synchrony and hemodynamics in CRT patients. Methods In consecutive CRT patients with LBBB, ventricular synchrony was assessed using UHF-ECG. LV hemodynamics was assessed using invasive systolic blood pressure measurement during multiple transitions between LBBP, LVSP, and biventricular pacing (BVP). LV synchrony was assessed by LV lateral wall delay (LVLWd) from the first to the last from V5-V8 activations. Hemodynamic effects were expressed as relative changes in systolic blood pressure. Results Thirty patients with an LVEF of 29 ± 6% and mean QRSd of 169 ± 24 ms were included. Twenty had non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. QRSd during BVP, LVSP, and LBBP was the same, but LBBP provided shorter LVLWd than BVP (-9 ms (-16; -4), p = 0.004); the difference between LVSP and BVP was not significant (-4 ms (-10;2), p = 0.2). LBBP was associated with higher systolic blood pressure than BVP (4% (2; 5) p < 0.001), while LVSP was not (1% (1; 2), p = 0.1. LV hemodynamic improvements during LBBP and LVSP vs. BVP were more pronounced in non-ischemic than ischemic patients. Conclusion The differences in ventricular synchrony between LBBP, LVSP, and BVP were demonstrated using UHF-ECG but not QRSd. LBBP, but not LVSP, was associated with better LV synchrony and hemodynamics than BVP.Local activation times in V1–V8Ventricular dyssynchrony and hemodynamic