Multiple Threats Research Articles

Family Caregivers' Trajectories of Distress While Caring for a Person With Serious Mental Illness.

Serious mental illness (SMI) can significantly impact the lives of individuals and their families. These families often experience great emotional distress over time due to the early onset of SMI, which in turn leads to long-term trajectories and only partial recovery. However, we do not fully understand the emotional distress of family caregivers. Thus, our aim was to enrich the understanding of the lived experiences of family caregivers' emotional trajectories of distress while caring for persons with SMI. We conducted a secondary analysis using a hermeneutic approach to the narratives of seven family caregivers from a study on living with voices unheard by others. Participants' trajectories of emotional distress came forth as being thrust on an unpredictable, intensely worrisome, and indefinite journey. The following themes highlighted this tumultuous journey: fumbling in the dark trying to grasp the incomprehensible, "on your toes"-enduring unpredictability, facing different forms of fear, and battling waves of sadness and regret. Caregivers face multiple threats to their well-being and sometimes even to their health. Their distress appeared to vary according to their relationship with the person with SMI, whether they lived with the ill person, illness trajectory, and amount of violent or suicidal behavior. The results underscore the need for individualized and timely information, opportunities for dialogue with healthcare providers with and without the person with SMI, and inclusion in care planning. Caregivers who have experienced trauma, threats of violence, and rejection require special attention.

Summer and winter surveys of deep waters of the Hellenic Trench, Greece, provide insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of odontocetes

The Mediterranean Sea provides habitat for globally threatened cetaceans. The Hellenic Trench is an Important Marine Mammal Area, providing core habitat for sperm whalesPhyseter macrocephalusand Cuvier’s beaked whalesZiphius cavirostris. Surveys have characterized distributions of these species in near-shore areas (<2000 m deep). Sparse survey effort in deeper waters during winter has allowed speculation that it is not an important habitat in winter. We used passive acoustic monitoring from towed arrays to document cetaceans during summer and winter, covering 18366 km of trackline off the Peloponnese and Crete. We confirmed the acoustic presence of 5 odontocetes: sperm whales (n = 49 encounters; mean depth (x̄): 3360 m; range (R): 1250 to 4210 m), Cuvier’s beaked whales (n = 4;x̄: 3070 m;R: 1970 to 3770 m), Risso’s dolphinsGrampus griseus(n = 5;x̄: 3340 m;R: 2250 to 4440 m), striped dolphinsStenella coeruleoalba(n = 2;x̄: 2980 m;R: 2490 to 3470 m) and rough-toothed dolphinsSteno bredanensis(n = 1; 3650 m). We also encountered 224 unidentified delphinids, including a potential blackfish (3020 m). We confirmed that these species are present in the Hellenic Trench throughout the year. Given the impact of multiple threats on sperm and Cuvier’s beaked whales in the Hellenic Trench, we suggest that policymakers follow the precautionary approach in managing human activities in the area. Ongoing seismic surveys, hydrocarbon extraction and uncontrolled shipping could have potentially negative effects on these species at the population level and we advise caution in permitting such activities in future

Network security in multiple threats: A critical study

Any organization nowadays needs a secure network. High-speed wireless networks and internet services are becoming increasingly unsafe as a result of the daily rise in security threats. Threats to information security come from within the company, in close to 80% of cases. With the latest trend of mobility (portable devices such as laptops and smartphones etc.), ubiquitous 3G connectivity and this trend increases but as more web-based applications are manufactured and available over the Internet, the instances of insider threats have been rising at an alarming rate. Current or former workers, contractors, or business partners who have permission to access the organization's network and servers are typically the source of insider threats. Confidential information is frequently stolen for monetary gain or wellful harm. Access to hacking tools via the Internet, USB drives, and wireless connectivity make break-ins simple. Here, Millions of dollars in losses in the event of IP theft, and customer / individual information theft are yet too considered. This article provides insight into Insider dangers, attackers, and their rationales and recommendations for organizational-level mitigation methods.

Multiple existential threats and attitudes towards Muslims in Finland and Italy during the COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractWe are currently living in a time of several existential threats: the global pandemic COVID‐19, climate change, and the ‘refugee crisis’ caused by violent conflicts and humanitarian catastrophes in Syria, Afghanistan, and Ukraine. These threats do not only affect our well‐being but also our sense of control and security, as well as identities and worldviews having also intergroup consequences. In this study, we investigated the links between perceived existential threats (i.e. COVID‐19, climate change, and refugee crisis in 2015 that multiplied Muslim population in Europe), national and religious identities, and attitudes towards Muslims (i.e. Muslim refugees, Muslim minority, and Muslim converts) among Christian national majority group members in Finland and Italy in 2020. The results were analysed with multigroup structural equation modelling, and they demonstrated some key differences between how threats perceived from climate change and the refugee crisis in 2015 are translated into the reactions towards Muslims. While threats associated with the refugee crisis were detrimental to outgroup attitudes, climate change threats elicited more positive attitudes towards the outgroups studied. Our preliminary analyses suggested that COVID‐19, in turn, seems to elicit feelings of worldview defence through higher levels of national identification with no negative attitudinal ramifications. While Abrahamic identity as a believer was directly associated with more positive attitudes towards Muslims in Italy, it did not account for the link between existential threats and outgroup attitudes. The results are discussed in light of how different threats increase or decrease intergroup harmony.

Long-term anthropogenic stressors cause declines in kingfisher assemblages in wetlands in southwestern India

Fragile wetland habitats are susceptible to multiple threats from anthropogenic activities. Direct waste deposition, habitat modification and overexploitation of fish have caused alternations in food webs in wetlands. Kingfishers are ecological indicators with the potential ability to respond to the minute changes in their microenvironment. Their abundance and distribution at wetland habitats are affected by multiple environmental factors. We studied the kingfisher assemblages in India to determine proximate and ultimate causes of their decline. We recorded the abundance of five species of kingfishers across five wetland habitats from 2011 to 2020 in Kerala, southwest coast of India. Kingfishers were counted twice in a month between 6.00 and 12.00 hrs. Air temperature, water temperature, humidity and turbidity were recorded. We measured fish diversity and abundance and organic waste as an additional explanatory variable. One-way ANOVA, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model and structural equation modelling were used to determine which explanatory variables affected kingfisher populations. Air temperature, water temperature and turbidity increased significantly during the study and had negative effects on the abundance of kingfishers. Humidity decreased significantly but had no effect on the kingfisher abundance. Fish abundance declined and had a strong positive effect on the abundance of kingfishers. The analysis of incidence of wastes across the study areas revealed that, all the sites were severely polluted. We also observed drastic decline in the abundance of all the species of kingfishers studied across the sites with a rapid decline in Pied Kingfisher and slower decline in White-throated Kingfisher. Black-capped Kingfisher is a local migrant to the study areas and is already red listed and categorized as Vulnerable (VU). This study suggests that kingfisher assemblages are declining along with the health status of the habitat. Urgent action is needed to help in designing and implementing effective management strategies for the sustainability of wetlands in the region.

Mapping socio-environmental pressures to assess Portuguese soil vulnerability

Soil degradation has concerning impacts on ecosystem functions and biodiversity, decreasing essential processes such as food production or sustaining water quality. We studied eight soil threats to assess degradation processes: hydrogeological risks, soil sealing, salinization, desertification, contamination, compaction, erosion and decline in soil organic matter. A knowledge-based methodology was used measure the importance of 15 anthropogenic and environmental variables, with top weights of water availability (0.11), rate of land use change (0.09) and agricultural practices (0.09). Variables were combined into one additive model per threat to assess its distribution in Portugal. Merged soil threat vulnerability maps provided a spatial representation of the distribution of aggregated soil vulnerability, to find a 58% of moderate vulnerable soils where multiple threats coexist and are key for future management changes, a 32% of low vulnerable soils with reduced levels of soil threats, where temperature and precipitation are the main drivers of soil degradation and a 10% of highly vulnerable soils, which encompasses populated urban areas and rural civil parishes, where contamination and high rates of land turnover are the main drivers. Our maps can be used to make informed decisions on soil management and establish strategic policies for a sustainable use of land.

Post‐colony swimming migration in the genus Uria

Seabirds within the Alcini subfamily have a unique breeding strategy, with their offspring leaving the colony flightless, at only a quarter of adult body size, accompanied by the father and fledge (become independent) out at sea. In this study we test several hypotheses about this elusive second part of the breeding season, termed swimming migration, for common guillemots Uria aalge and Brünnich's guillemots Uria lomvia by tracking 34 chicks (of which 17 transmitted data) equipped with satellite linked Argos PTTs (Platform Transmitter Terminals) at Bjørnøya, a major colony in the European Arctic. All chicks, presumably accompanied by their fathers, swam actively towards species‐specific autumn staging areas, rather than passively drifted away from the colony with a swim speed generally twice that observed of surrounding surface currents. They swam fastest during the first two days after departure. This coincides with the only time they actively crossed a current and the time needed to leave the area of prey depletion around the colony. They otherwise took advantage of available currents, while still swimming actively during the remainder of their migration towards species‐specific autumn staging areas. These staging areas corresponded to areas used by breeding adults during their moulting period (as confirmed by complementary light‐level logger tracking of adults), rather than being specific nursery areas. Migration duration correlated with distance resulting in species‐specific migration periods that were only a fraction of previously reported fledging periods out at sea, indicating that not only the swimming migration, but also known adult autumn staging regions constitute in effect breeding areas. This work has important implications for our understanding of population dynamics within the Alcini subfamily and the management of these species under multiple threats, while providing the foundation to investigate swimming migrations across their distributional range.

Tipping points in freshwater ecosystems: an evidence map

Freshwater ecosystems face numerous threats, including habitat alteration, invasive species, pollution, over extraction of resources, fragmentation, and climate change. When these threats intensify and/or combine with each other, their impacts can shift the ecosystem past a tipping point, producing a major and potentially irreversible shift in state, called a regime shift. We generated an evidence map to assess the current state of knowledge on tipping points in freshwater ecosystems. Our evidence mapping exercise revealed large knowledge gaps. Specifically, there are relatively few studies that explore the effects of tipping points in relation to (1) lotic systems (i.e., rivers, streams), (2) amphibians, mammals, or reptiles, and (3) the interactive impacts of multiple threats. In addition, most studies tended to have short study durations (<1 year), and few studies explored the reversibility of an ecosystem change after a tipping point was crossed. Concentrating future research on these gaps to improve understanding of tipping points in freshwater ecosystems in a holistic manner is important to help develop tools to forecast (and thus mitigate) the emergence and effects of tipping points, as well as to guide restoration actions.

Dynamic assessment of restored ecosystem health based on pressure‐state‐response subsystem‐system model in a karst trough valley

AbstractLimited soil and water resources in a sloping karst trough valley have negatively affected the local population and ecosystem health. A deeper understanding of karst ecosystem health and its driving mechanism are important for ecosystem management and restoration. In recent decades, the karst trough valley has been exposed to multiple threats from various natural and anthropogenic factors. Assessment of which is essential to understand the state of the karst ecosystem and to develop a suitable, scientifically proven management strategy. Based on the pressure‐state‐response‐subsystem‐system (PSR‐SS) model, the restored ecosystem health of karst trough valley was assessed from 2000 to 2015 at the grid scale. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was adopted to explore the factors driving ecosystem health change. It is found that from the years of 2000 to 2015, there was an improvement in ecosystem health in karst trough valley ecosystem. Land use analysis maps indicate a slight decrease in woodland and grassland and increase in cropland and urban buildup, and the Land coverage increased from 84.87% to 87.64%. The area of karst rock desertification decreased by 75.3 km2 from 2000 to 2015. The AEH indices of 0.27 (2000), 0.45 (2005), 0.46 (2010) and 0.68 (2015), which indicate moderate warning, pre‐warning, early warning and generally healthy, respectively. The 17 selected driving factors were grouped into two broad categories by PCA, one is national policy, and the other one is natural condition and local activities. National policy was to be found the most important influence on ecosystem health. Our findings emphasize the key role of government in ecosystem health change, which would give directions to the sustainable development of karst trough valley areas.

Voice of incarcerated male youths in Malawi’s semi-urban prisons: a qualitative study

ObjectiveIncarcerated male youths in Malawi’s detention facilities face multiple threats to their health and well-being. The most common challenges are overcrowding, poor sanitation and a lack of access to basic...

Research on obstacle avoidance path planning of UAV in complex environments based on improved Bézier curve

Obstacle avoidance path planning is considered an essential requirement for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to reach its designated mission area and perform its tasks. This study established a motion model and obstacle threat model for UAVs, and defined the cost coefficients for evading and crossing threat areas. To solve the problem of obstacle avoidance path planning with full coverage of threats, the cost coefficients were incorporated into the objective optimization function and solved by a combination of Sequential Quadratic Programming and Nonlinear Programming Solver. The problem of path planning under threat full coverage with no solution was resolved by improving the Bézier curve algorithm. By introducing the dynamic threat velocity obstacle model and calculating the relative and absolute collision cones, a path planning algorithm under multiple dynamic threats was proposed to solve the difficulties of dynamic obstacle prediction and avoidance. Simulation results revealed that the proposed Through-out method was more effective in handling full threat coverage and dynamic threats than traditional path planning methods namely, Detour or Cross Gaps. Our study offers valuable insights into autonomous path planning for UAVs that operate under complex threat conditions. This work is anticipated to contribute to the future development of more advanced and intelligent UAV systems.

Conservation priorities for endangered trees facing multiple threats around the world.

Trees are vital to the survival of numerous species and to forest ecosystem functioning. However, the current distribution, vulnerability to extinction, and conservation priorities of globally endangered trees are not well known. We mapped the global distribution of 1686 tree species listed as endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List and identified conservation priority for them based on species richness, life-history traits, evolutionary distinctiveness, future climate change, and intensity of human activities. We also evaluated the impacts of various threats to these endangered tree species and evaluated the effectiveness of their protection based on the percentage of the species' range inside protected areas. The worldwide distribution of endangered trees, from the tropics through temperate zones, was uneven. Most endangered tree species were not protected in their native ranges, and only 153 species were fully protected. Hotspots of tree diversity occurred primarily in the tropics, and 79.06% of these were highly vulnerable to threats. We identified 253 areas of high priority for the conservation of endangered trees that are highly threatened and insufficiently protected. In particular, 43.42% of unprotected tree species in priority areas lacked recommended conservation measures or had no associated conservation plan. The priority conservation areas and unprotected trees we identified serve as a guideline for future management underpinning the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

Hematology and Blood Chemistry Reference Intervals for Antillean Manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Colombia

Hematology and blood chemistry tests constitute an easy-to-apply veterinary tool that evaluates an organism’s systemic functioning and disease process by comparing the level of specific analytes against species norms. Such analyses help monitor marine mammals’ health and nutritional status. Although reference values have been published for a few manatee populations, there are none for Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Colombia. We aim to establish the reference values for hematology and serum chemistries for these manatees and determine if there are variations between individuals of different age groups and sex. Thus, we obtained whole blood and serum samples from 45 rehabilitated manatees from Colombia between 1992 and 2021. Complete Blood Count and Comprehensive Metabolic Panel values were calculated, and differences between age groups and sex were determined. Results were compared with published reference intervals of other Antillean manatee populations, Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris), and Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis) from Brazil. We determined the reference intervals of hematology and serum chemistry for manatees in Colombia for different age and sex categories. No relevant clinical variations were found in hematological parameters due to sex. Marked differences were found between age groups, mainly among young animals with an expected faster metabolism. There were significant variations between hematological and blood chemistry values when the Colombian manatees were compared to manatees from Puerto Rico and Amazonian manatees from Brazil. Such variations are likely influenced by evolutionary history and environmental factors associated with differences in habitat salinity and diet. We recommend that future studies correlate these blood tests with specific panels. We further recommend conducting wild manatee health assessments as this information will yield essential data for species management schemes needed due to the multiple anthropogenic and environmental threats that manatees face today which put the Colombian manatee’s health and ultimate survival at risk.

A blockchain-enabled, trust and location dependent - Privacy preserving system in VANET

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) heavily relies on the unique mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) known as the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). The convenience that the Location Based Service (LBS), security issues arising from VANETs' great portability. Among the most widely used privacy-preserving techniques, distributed k-anonymity does not consider users' reliability, which results in hostile vehicle tracking. Therefore, Blockchain-enabled, Trust and Location dependent-Privacy Preserving (BTLB-PP) authentication system in VANET to overcome issues. Trust Management (TM) based on Dirichlet distribution, client and member will only collaborate with vehicles they confide by explicitly examining various prerequisites of claimed vehicle and collaborative vehicle during construction of unidentified obfuscation region and integrating attributes of these two functions. Using blockchain, a data structure has been proposed to promptly register trust of vehicles on publicly available blocks, allowing any vehicle to retrieve. In the trials, tests on various datasets have been run. Suggested system is resistant to multiple trust model threats, improving the security of vehicles' confidentiality and privacy. The performance evaluation metrics are precision, recall, f-measure and false positive rate (FPR) are used to evaluate the proposed system. Results from the simulation show that the proposed method is efficient and practical in reality. The suggested method was tested in a simulated traffic situation to verify its effectiveness.

Urban nitrogen budgets: Evaluating and comparing the path of nitrogen through cities for improved management

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) released to the environment is a cause of multiple environmental threats. While Nr flows are often only analyzed in an agricultural context, consumption and emission takes place in the urban environment, and opportunities for Nr recycling and effective policy implementation for mitigation often appear in cities. Since little information is available on the bigger picture of Nr flows through the urban environment, these opportunities often remain unexploited. Here we developed a framework to model Nr pathways through urban and surrounding areas, which we applied to four test areas (Beijing and Shijiazhuang (China), Vienna (Austria), and Zielona Góra (Poland)). Using indicators such as recycling rates and Nr surplus, we estimated environmental risks and recycling potentials based on Nr flows and their entry and exit points. Our findings show marked differences between the core and surrounding areas of each city, with the former being a site of Nr consumption with largest flows associated with households, and the latter a site of (agricultural) production with largest flows associated with industry (fertilizers) and urban plants. As a result, Nr transgresses the core areas in a rather linear manner with only 0–5 % being re-used, with inputs from Nr contained in food and fuels and outputs most commonly as non-reactive N2 emissions to the atmosphere from wastewater treatment and combustion processes. While the peri-urban areas show a higher Nr recycling rate (6–14 %), Nr accumulation and emissions from cultivated land pose significant environmental challenges, indicating the need for mitigation measures. We found potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency through improved Nr management on cultivated areas and to increase Nr recycling using urine and sewage sludge as synthetic fertilizer substitutes. Hence our framework for urban nitrogen budgets not only allows for consistent budgeting but helps identify common patterns, potentially harmful flows and Nr recycling potential.

Basin-scale riverine ecosystem services vary with network geometry

Riverine ecosystems provide a variety of services supporting biodiversity, human livelihoods, and the maintenance of river health. Multiple anthropogenic threats to riverine ecosystem services (RES) have been identified and considered in river management strategies. However, the way in which the river network is spatially arranged across the landscape – river network geometry – may also play a role in the delivery of RES. Here we studied the effect of river network geometry on the delivery of five RES in 14 catchments of the Great Barrier Reef region, Australia. Our investigation has three parts. First, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on modelled RES, holding all non-geometric catchment characteristics, other than catchment size and slope, constant to allow attribution of modelled differences directly to differences in geometry. Second, we analysed the relationships between observed RES and network structural indices. Third we compared observed RES with modelled results. Modelled results suggest that RES are sensitive to the differences in river network geometry. Furthermore, correlation analyses show good agreement between observed RES and network structural indices, and there is good correlation between the modelled and observed RES. These results suggest an important role of river network geometry in the delivery of multiple RES by mediating upstream inputs as they pass through the river network. A one size fits all approach to river management may thus be ineffective and specific management interventions will be needed in catchments of different network geometries.

Enabling Multicentric Participatory Disease Surveillance for Global Health Enhancement: Viewpoint on Global Flu View.

Participatory surveillance (PS) has been defined as the bidirectional process of transmitting and receiving data for action by directly engaging the target population. Often represented as self-reported symptoms directly from the public, PS can provide evidence of an emerging disease or concentration of symptoms in certain areas, potentially identifying signs of an early outbreak. The construction of sets of symptoms to represent various disease syndromes provides a mechanism for the early detection of multiple health threats. Global Flu View (GFV) is the first-ever system that merges influenza-like illness (ILI) data from more than 8 countries plus 1 region (Hong Kong) on 4 continents for global monitoring of this annual health threat. GFV provides a digital ecosystem for spatial and temporal visualization of syndromic aggregates compatible with ILI from the various systems currently participating in GFV in near real time, updated weekly. In 2018, the first prototype of a digital platform to combine data from several ILI PS programs was created. At that time, the priority was to have a digital environment that brought together different programs through an application program interface, providing a real time map of syndromic trends that could demonstrate where and when ILI was spreading in various regions of the globe. After 2 years running as an experimental model and incorporating feedback from partner programs, GFV was restructured to empower the community of public health practitioners, data scientists, and researchers by providing an open data channel among these contributors for sharing experiences across the network. GFV was redesigned to serve not only as a data hub but also as a dynamic knowledge network around participatory ILI surveillance by providing knowledge exchange among programs. Connectivity between existing PS systems enables a network of cooperation and collaboration with great potential for continuous public health impact. The exchange of knowledge within this network is not limited only to health professionals and researchers but also provides an opportunity for the general public to have an active voice in the collective construction of health settings. The focus on preparing the next generation of epidemiologists will be of great importance to scale innovative approaches like PS. GFV provides a useful example of the value of globally integrated PS data to help reduce the risks and damages of the next pandemic.

Exploring the link between home garden use and severe obesity: Insights from a nationwide survey in Tuvalu.

Obesity is prevalent and increasing but understudied across Pacific Islanders. Tuvalu is a South Pacific country with a high obesity rate and faces multiple threats of food insecurity. Home garden serves as a sustainable food source and can be a possible intervention for the obesity pandemic in Tuvalu. This study investigated Tuvaluans' home garden use and obesity, and explored factors associated with increased use of home gardens. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional study in Tuvalu during 2022. Structured questionnaires were administered during the in-person interviews, and trained interviewers measured the height and weight of each participant. The association between home garden use, obesity and severe obesity were tested with univariate and multivariable logistic regression. We also applied overlapping weights to balance the distribution of baseline demographic factors. The average body mass index was 34.87 kilogrammes (kg) / square metre (m2) among the study population of 1024 adults (630 from Funafuti and 394 from other islands in Tuvalu). Overall, people having home gardens was associated lower odds for severe obesity compared to those without a home garden in overlap weighting models (odds ratio (OR) = 0.946, 95% CI = 0.897-0.997, P = 0.039) and the association was stronger in Funafuti (OR = 0.927, 95% CI = 0.866-0.991, P = 0.027) than in the outlying islands (OR = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.889-1.052, P = 0.435). Furthermore, increased age was positively associated with having a home garden in Funafuti, and smoking showed an inverse association. Having a home garden is associated with lower odds of severe obesity in Tuvalu, and the association is stronger in Funafuti. Smokers are less likely to have home gardens, and increased age is positively associated with having home gardens. These findings promote more home garden utilisation and provide evidence for targeted interventions in Tuvalu.

Large Old World Fruit Bats on the Brink of Extinction: Causes and Consequences

Large Old World fruit bats (LOWFBs), species of Pteropus, Acerodon, and related genera of large bats in the pteropodid subfamily Pteropodinae, play important roles as agents of dispersal and pollination across the Paleotropics. LOWFBs are also collectively the most threatened group of bats in the world, with 71% of extant species assessed as threatened by International Union for Conservation of Nature. As highlighted here, contrary to other bats, the vast majority of LOWFBs face multiple simultaneous threats. Most importantly, biological and ecological traits, in particular life history characteristics, diet, movement, social ecology, and physiology, intensify threats and accelerate species declines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LOWFBs are to be considered keystone species and express concern about the erosion of this role and the cascading effects expected on native ecosystems. In response to this alarming situation, we advance general recommendations and identify overarching research and conservation actions.

Threats to Mangrove Ecosystems and Their Impact on Coastal Biodiversity: A Study on Mangrove Management in Langsa City

The coastal area is a complex and interconnected system of diverse ecosystems, with mangrove ecosystems standing out as one of the most productive. However, global mangrove ecosystems, including those in Langsa City, face multiple threats from human activities and natural hazards. This study focuses on examining the various threats impacting the mangrove ecosystem in Langsa City, including tourism and urban development, climate change, regional development, human activities, and sedimentation. Mangrove ecosystems have specific requirements for survival, making these threats particularly concerning. Through field observations and analysis, this study explores the impact of these threats on the mangrove ecosystem's well-being and its correlation with the overall coastal biodiversity. Additionally, the research delves into the management practices implemented by the local government to preserve the mangrove ecosystems. The findings reveal the severity of threats to the mangrove ecosystem's viability and its implications for coastal biodiversity sustainability. The study also sheds light on the local government's mangrove management system, providing valuable insights into current conservation efforts. By understanding the threats faced by the mangrove ecosystem and the management practices in place, this research contributes to the preservation and sustainable use of this vital coastal resource.