Multiple Surveys Research Articles

Personalizing the Way of Teaching LSP

Introduction. The problem of effective teaching language for special purposes (LSP) to the students of non-linguistic professions has been discussed for a long time and in full details by academicians both in Russia and foreign countries. As the result of multiple and thorough surveys general problems of the given situation have been revealed, the way out being defined as special training/retraining of LSP teachers. But in language education publications it is hardly possible to find the description of the program aiming at the training of the above mentioned teachers. The aim of the article is to present effective approaches to teaching LSP and offer the developed master program “Methods of teaching LSP” as a means to solve the problems mentioned above. Materials and Methods. The research methods used are a combination of analytical review of studies by Russian and foreign researchers and interpretation of the results obtained by interviewing university teachers specializing in teaching foreign languages to students completing Bachelorʼs or Masterʼs degree programs. The survey was conducted to assess the level of readiness of professional educators to design the structure and content of programs for teaching LSP, and actually conduct classes within the specified language-teaching area, 81 teachers being responders. Results. As a result of the undertaken review of theoretical works and analysis of the conducted survey a master program “Methods of teaching LSP” was designed for training graduates who will then teach English or Russian as a foreign language at industry-specific higher schools. The developed program focuses on instructing future LSP educators to work out a personalized educational route adjusted to the level of foreign language skills of a student and their prospective professional activities. Discussion and Conclusion. The master program developed by the authors as well as the content of the subjects suggested as its integral part are expected to become a productive way of training LSP educators who are supposed to acquire a number of special skills and competences described in the article. Distant learning and e-learning technologies are also engaged in the program to facilitate learners’ more efficient independent activities. The master program is seen as one of the means of modernizing LSP teachers’ professional training which meets the long-term needs of the Russian education system.

Evidence for a male bias in Atlantic blue crab pot‐based sampling

AbstractObjectiveThe Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus (hereafter, “blue crab”) is an ecologically and economically important species that supports one of the highest valued commercial fisheries in coastal South Carolina, USA. Researchers at the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources conduct multiple surveys to monitor the status of the blue crab by using a variety of gear configurations. Demographic characterizations can often be influenced by sampling gear‐related biases.MethodsWe compared blue crab sex ratios between passive, pot‐based sampling and active, trawl‐based sampling in the fall across three estuaries and for year‐round sampling in a single estuary (Ashley River, South Carolina).ResultDuring the fall, there was a difference of 20.1% between the percentage of males collected in pot‐based sampling (73.5%) and the percentage of males in trawl‐based sampling (53.4%). Furthermore, an overall male bias of 23.0% was observed for year‐round sampling in the Ashley River; however, this bias was only significant in certain months.ConclusionOur findings suggest that although particular sampling gears may have specific advantages, such as greater suitability to effectively sample certain habitats, the resulting characterizations of blue crab population demographics can differ among gear types. Recognizing gear‐related biases is important for ensuring that field surveys are representative of population demographics, particularly when sex‐specific modeling approaches are used as part of stock assessments to determine population status.

Diverse Methods for Diverse Systems: A Large-Scale Comparison of Reptile Sampling Methods

Abstract Reptiles play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem health, yet many species face increasing threats due to various anthropogenic factors. Enhancing our understanding of reptile diversity and habitat use worldwide necessitates evaluating the effectiveness of diverse survey techniques. The relative efficacy of different methods may vary significantly across regions or communities, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach using multiple survey methods over extensive spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of seven survey methods – pitfall traps, funnel traps, spotlighting, arboreal cover boards, incidental encounters, camera traps, and passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) – for assessing reptile biodiversity over several years across an extensive spatial range in open eucalypt woodlands throughout eastern Australia. Pitfall and funnel traps were the most effective methods for detecting reptiles across all sites and latitudes. A combination of pitfall and funnel traps accumulated species the quickest, had high detection probabilities, and accounted for nearly 90% of all different reptile species detected in this study. However, with a decrease in latitude reptile diversity increased and other survey methods became necessary to document the full extent of the reptile communities. Reptile assemblages captured by different survey methods varied significantly, except for the communities captured by pitfall and funnel traps. No single method captured all species, and no species was detected by every method. Passive acoustic monitoring failed to detect any reptiles and may not be viable for assessing reptile biodiversity in Australia. Pitfall and funnel traps proved highly effective for detecting terrestrial reptiles within open eucalypt woodlands in Australia, however, the selection of methods for evaluating reptile biodiversity depends on the objectives and target fauna, and when possible, to maximize species richness, survey designs should incorporate an array of concurrently deployed methods, particularly in regions with higher overall species richness. Nevertheless, if resources and time are limited, pitfall and funnel traps, combined with incidental encounters, should capture the majority of species.

Proofing Field and Laboratory Species Identification Procedures Developed for the Non-Native Osmerid Species Wakasagi (Hypomesus nipponensis) Using SHERLOCK-Based Genetic Verification

Accurate species identification is critical to monitoring programs because mis-identifications can lead to incorrect assessments of population status and trends. In the San Francisco Estuary, efforts to monitor the imperiled osmerid Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) using morphology can be challenging because of the presence of the similar-looking non-native osmerid Wakasagi (Hypomesus nipponensis). In 2017, the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s field office in Lodi implemented a two-stage verification process for Wakasagi to help prevent Delta Smelt from being mis-identified as Wakasagi. Under this process, Wakasagi are initially identified in the field, independently identified a second time by an experienced staff member in the laboratory, then stored on-site where they can be made available for future studies. Using the recently developed Specific High-sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter un-LOCKing (SHERLOCK) assay for Wakasagi, we evaluated how well verification protocols performed by genetically identifying a subset of Wakasagi collected during routine sampling between 2017 and 2021. Through this study, we found that the protocols have served as an effective quality control measure for over 4 years and across multiple surveys. With the development of field-deployable genetics tools such as SHERLOCK, genetic identification will likely play an increasingly important role in ecological monitoring. We expect that hybrid approaches that combine morphological identifications by trained field crew with application of field-based genetic tools may offer an effective and efficient approach to ensuring data accuracy in the future.

THE CANNABIS AND OLDER PERSONS STUDY: WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

Abstract The Cannabis and Older Persons Study has examined the increasing use of cannabis among Americans over 60 years old since 2016 reflecting a variety of disciplinary perspectives and methodological approaches. The project team has published a dozen peer reviewed manuscripts and has secured competitive funding swards in California, Colorado, Illinois and Iowa. In this symposium, results from multiple COPS surveys collected from older adults are reviewed with three goals in mind. The first is to demonstrate how older cannabis users are not comparable to younger cannabis users in terms of motives and self-reported outcomes of use. The second is to distinguish therapeutic from recreational cannabis use among older persons by examining survey answers provided by persons with arthritis, cancer, caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and terminal illnesses. The third goal is to differentiate life-time from naïve cannabis users and consider how cannabis may serve as an opioid avoidance or harm reduction strategy. Discussion considers the critical role policy makers, program administrators and clinicians assume in facilitating or hindering cannabis use, and directions for future research.

Polypharmacy in patients with multiple sclerosis and the impact on levels of care and therapy units.

The aim of this study was to examine the societal costs of polypharmacy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We therefore focused on the association between the number of medications on the level of care (LOC), the German classification of the need for care, and the number of therapy sessions (TTU). In addition to demographic information and medication, 101 MS patients performed the Multiple Sclerosis Health Resource Utilization Survey (MS-HRS). Medications were subdivided into a total number of medications (TD), MS-related medication [MSD, i.e., disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) and symptomatic treatment (SD)], and medication for comorbidities (CDs). Multivariate linear regression models were performed to estimate if the amount of each medication type affects LOC or TTU. Polypharmacy appeared in 54 patients at the time of the survey. The relative risk (RR) of LOC 1 increased significantly by 2.46 (p = 0.001) per TD and by 2.55 (p = 0.004) per MSD, but not per CD (RR 1.44; p = 0.092). The effect of RR on MSD was driven by SD (RR 2.2; p = 0.013) but not DMD (RR 2.6; p = 0.4). RR of MSD remained significant for LOC 2 (1.77; p = 0.009) and LOC 3/4 (1.91; p = 0.015), with a strong trend in RR of SD, but not DMD. TTU increased significantly per MSD (p = 0.012), but not per TD (p = 0.081) and CD (p = 0.724). The number of MSDs is related to the likelihood of a higher level of care and the number of therapy sessions and is therefore a good indication of the extent of the societal costs.

WRAP: A Tool for Efficient Cross-Identification of Proper Motion Objects Spanning Multiple Surveys

We introduce the Wide-field Retrieval of Astrodata Program (WRAP), a tool created to aid astronomers in gathering photometric and astrometric data for point sources that may confuse simple cross-matching algorithms because of their faintness or motion. WRAP allows astronomers to correctly cross-identify objects with proper motion across multiple surveys by wedding the catalog data with its underlying images, thus providing visual confirmation of cross-associations in real time. Developed within the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, WRAP aims to aid in the characterization of faint, high motion sources by this collaboration (and others).

Political trust and government performance in the time of COVID-19

Governments around the world have exhibited markedly different levels of effectiveness in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, and these variations have not been adequately explained by conventional correlates of good governance. This paper advances a co-production perspective, arguing that citizens’ predisposition to support and comply with government policies has played a crucial role in shaping countries’ pandemic performance. Analyzing a cross-country dataset that combines COVID-related cases and deaths with a new measure of political trust constructed from multiple international surveys, we show that the numbers of casualties from the pandemic are significantly lower in societies where citizens have greater trust in their governments. This relationship continues to hold even when we focus only on wealthy, democratic countries where the data quality is more reliable. Additional analyses suggest that higher political trust contributes to both greater compliance with mitigation measures by citizens and more decisive response by government. These findings underscore the importance of citizen—government collaboration for effective governance and the perils of declining political trust in advanced democracies.

Factors influencing parents' choice of palliative treatment goals for children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: A multi-site longitudinal survey study.

Many parents of children with advanced cancer report curative goals and continue intensive therapies that can compound symptoms and suffering. Factors that influence parents to choose palliation as the primary treatment goal are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine experiences impacting parents' report of palliative goals adjusted for time. The authors hypothesized that awareness of poor prognosis, recall of oncologists' prognostic disclosure, intensive treatments, and burdensome symptoms and suffering would influence palliative goal-setting. The authors collected prospective, longitudinal surveys from parents of children with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma at nine pediatric cancer centers across the United States, beginning at relapse and continuing every 3months for 18months or until death. Hypothesized covariates were examined for possible associations with parental report of palliative goals. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate factors associated with parents' report of palliative goals at different time points. A total of 96 parents completed surveys. Parents were more likely to report a primary goal of palliation when they recalled communication about prognosis by their child's oncologist (odds ratio [OR], 52.48; p = .010). Treatment intensity and previous ineffective therapeutic regimens were not associated with parents' report of palliative goals adjusted for time. A parent who reported new suffering for their child was less likely to report palliative goals (OR, 0.13; p = .008). Parents of children with poor prognosis cancer may not report palliative goals spontaneously in the setting of treatment-related suffering. Prognostic communication, however, does influence palliative goal-setting. Evidence-based interventions are needed to encourage timely, person-centered prognostic disclosure in the setting of advanced pediatric cancer. Many parents of children with poor-prognosis cancer continue to pursue curative treatments that may worsen symptoms and suffering. Little is known about which factors influence parents to choose palliative care as their child's main treatment goal. To explore this question, we asked parents of children with advanced neuroblastoma across the United States to complete multiple surveys over time. We found that the intensity of treatment, number of treatments, and suffering from treatment did not influence parents to choose palliative goals. However, when parents remembered their child's oncologist talking about prognosis, they were more likely to choose palliative goals of care.

Tracking the push towards extinction: combining dispersal and management data to monitor Asian longhorned beetle eradication in the U.S.

Based on the threat posed by the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), many countries including the United States have adopted policies of eradication. The eradication of infestations that cover hundreds of square kilometers can require multiple visual surveys of millions of individual trees. At these scales, eradication may take several decades and span multiple beetle generations. During this period the infestation of new trees adds spatially-explicit risk to the landscape while surveys and the removal of infested trees reduce it. To track dynamic risk on the landscape we have developed the Asian Longhorned Beetle Hazard Management and Monitoring Tool. The geospatial tool combines data documenting; the locations, levels of infestation, and dates of detection of infested trees; the locations, methods, and timing of survey and host removal activities; and a reconstruction of beetle movement within the infested landscape to generate annual spatial estimates of infestation risk based on the combination of beetle dispersal and survey and host removal activities. The analyses of three eradication programs highlight similar patterns in risk through time with risk peaking at the time infestations are detected and declining as management activities slow beetle spread and reduce risk through surveys. However, the results also highlight differences in risk reduction among the eradication programs associated with differences in beetle dispersal among infestations and the size of the infested landscape, highlighting the importance of applying local information to structure eradication programs. The Asian Longhorned Beetle Hazard Management and Monitoring Tool provides a quantitative repeatable approach to tracking changes in infestation risk using local beetle behavior and management efforts. In addition to this, the tool may provide a structure to optimize eradication efforts by allowing managers to estimate expected risk reduction based on proposed survey and host removal strategies.

Learning in an Immersive VR Environment: Role of Learner Characteristics and Relations Between Learning and Psychological Outcomes

In an immersive virtual reality (IVR) environment, this study investigated: (1) the role of learner characteristics in various learning and psychological outcomes, including knowledge retention, perceived learning, cognitive load, self-efficacy, enjoyment, presence, and usefulness; and (2) the relationship among these intended outcomes. Forty adult participants experienced an IVR nature trail tour involving science learning topics, followed by a knowledge test and multiple surveys. Multivariate analysis of covariance results indicated age by gender interaction effects on perceived presence and usefulness as well as an age by IVR prior experience interaction effect on perceived presence. Additionally, multiple correlational relationships were detected among the intended outcomes. This study contributes to the limited research on the role of learner characteristics in STEM learning and psychological outcomes in IVR environments.

Measuring the Impact of Patient Engagement in Health Research: An Exploratory Study Using Multiple Survey Tools.

Studies report various ways in which patients are involved in research design and conduct. Limited studies explore the influence of patient engagement (PE) at each research stage in qualitative research from the perspectives of all stakeholders. We established two small research groups, a Patient Researcher-Led Group and an Academic Researcher-Led Group. We recruited patient research partners (PRP; n = 5), researchers (n = 5), and clinicians (n = 4) to design and conduct qualitative research aimed at identifying candidate attributes related to patient preferences for tapering biologic treatments in inflammatory bowel disease. We administered surveys before starting, two months into, and post-project work. The surveys contained items from three PE evaluation tools. We assessed the two groups regarding the influence and impact each stakeholder had during the different research stages. PRPs had a moderate or a great deal of influence on the critical research activities across the research stages. They indicated moderate/very/extremely meaningful engagement and agreed/strongly agreed impact of PE. PRPs helped operationalize the research question; design the study and approach; develop study materials; recruit participants; and collect and interpret the data. The three tools together provide deeper insight into the influence of PE at each research stage. Lessons learnt from this study suggest that PE can impact many aspects of research including the design, process, and approach in the context of qualitative research, increasing the patient-centeredness of the study. More comprehensive validated tools are required that work with a more diverse subject pool and in other contexts.

Revisiting chromatin packaging in mouse sperm.

Mammalian sperm show an unusual and heavily compacted genomic packaging state. In addition to its role in organizing the compact and hydrodynamic sperm head, it has been proposed that sperm chromatin architecture helps to program gene expression in the early embryo. Scores of genome-wide surveys in sperm have reported patterns of chromatin accessibility, nucleosome localization, histone modification, and chromosome folding. Here, we revisit these studies in light of recent reports that sperm obtained from the mouse epididymis are contaminated with low levels of cell-free chromatin. In the absence of proper sperm lysis, we readily recapitulate multiple prominent genome-wide surveys of sperm chromatin, suggesting that these profiles primarily reflect contaminating cell-free chromatin. Removal of cell-free DNA, and appropriate lysis conditions, are together required to reveal a sperm chromatin state distinct from most previous reports. Using ATAC-seq to explore relatively accessible genomic loci, we identify a landscape of open loci associated with early development and transcriptional control. Histone modification and chromosome folding profiles also strongly support the hypothesis that prior studies suffer from contamination, but technical challenges associated with reliably preserving the architecture of the compacted sperm head prevent us from confidently assaying true localization patterns for these epigenetic marks. Together, our studies show that our knowledge of chromosome packaging in mammalian sperm remains largely incomplete, and motivate future efforts to more accurately characterize genome organization in mature sperm.

Organizational culture and management practices at technical vocational education and training colleges

<span lang="EN-US">Building an effective organizational culture of high performance has proven to be elusive amongst strategic and operational managers of selected public technical vocational education and training (TVET) colleges in the Gauteng province in the post-merger period of 2007 to 2010. Poor organizational culture demonstrated by a lack of the Ubuntu principles of humanness and teamwork; management inefficiency and instability undermined the role of public TVET colleges in the Gauteng province, South Africa. The identified knowledge gap is a paucity of information on how the values of Ubuntu are infused into management practices to improve organizational management practices. A mixed methods research approach that adopted multiple case studies, unstructured interviews and survey questionnaires was undertaken to assess an organizational culture and management practices by strategic and operational managers, and lecturers at selected public TVET colleges. Descriptive statistical and thematic analyses were employed to generate, interpret, and analyze the findings from participating managers and lecturers. The findings revealed the need to re-purpose public TVET colleges in South Africa to align with the strategic priorities and goals of the National Development Plan: Vision 2030. Strategic and operational managers should also be capacitated with stakeholder relations building and management skills to create student workplace opportunities with businesses and industries.</span>

Properties and Mechanisms of Seawater Exchange in Marian Cove, King George Island, West Antarctic Peninsula

AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula is one region that has recently experienced warming substantially more rapidly than the global mean over the past 50 years. Marian Cove is located in the South Shetland Islands connected to the Bransfield Strait via Maxwell Bay between King George Island and Nelson Island. In this study, we identified properties and mechanisms of seawater exchange in Marian Cove from multiple hydrographic surveys and a single bottom‐mounted mooring installed at the entrance to Marian Cove. Regardless of the season, the mean current velocity profiles at the entrance to Marian Cove were constant because of the influence of tidal forcing. Wind was the primary force that determined the variation in surface current; in response, a countercurrent occurred near the bottom area. We estimated salt transport to understand what effects Maxwell Bay′s saline water intrusion has on the Marian Cove environment. When the daily easterly wind was at its maximum of 18.5 m s−1, the salinity could increase to 7.20 × 10−4 g kg−1 in 1 day. In addition, the average freshwater residence time in Marian Cove for the quantitative evaluation of seawater exchange was approximately 9 days. However, the freshwater residence time was reduced to less than 2 days when there were extreme easterly winds.

Dominant group backlash? Majority responses to minority participation in the police

Security sector reform often involves integrating marginalized groups into the police. Extensive discussion surrounds the benefits of inclusion to the marginalized group, but we know little about impacts on the dominant group. I argue that exposure to out-group police can increase dominant group civilians’ trust in the out-group, opening the door for further reforms and increasing the likelihood of peace. I explore dominant group citizens’ responses to out-group police officers in Israel. First, using a survey experiment, I find no evidence that exposure to Arab (marginalized) police officers leads to backlash by Jewish (dominant) civilians. Then, drawing on multiple surveys and panel data on the identity of officers at every station over six years, I find that exposure to Arab police is associated with increased trust in Arabs among Jews. This trust extends to both everyday situations like willingness to live next door to an Arab and to beliefs about Arabs’ intentions to commit political violence. Collectively, these results contradict fears that backlash by the dominant group might spoil peace, opening the door for police integration as an important part of peace processes.

United Kingdom physiotherapists injection therapy practice for musculoskeletal complaints: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundPhysiotherapists in the United Kingdom (UK), who have received additional training can adopt injection therapy for the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. ObjectivesThe objective of this practice survey was to explore (i) the frequency of use of injection therapy by UK physiotherapists for MSK disorders; and (ii) the clinical reasoning for selection of injectate, dose and pre/post injection practice. DesignCross-sectional online survey. MethodsThe online survey was disseminated via social media and professional networks over a 3-month period. Responses to closed multiple choice survey questions were analysed with descriptive data, with reporting of confidence intervals at 95%. Open questions were analysed using content analysis. ResultsThe survey received 320 responses. The majority (86.6%, n = 277) used landmark guided approaches. The highest frequency of injections administered were for trigger digits, sub acromial pain and the knee joint. Corticosteroid drugs were widely used (99.7%, n = 319, CI 95% 98 to 100) with Triamcinolone (Kenalog) being the most frequently utilised for both joints (58.8%, n = 160, 53 to 65) and soft tissues (46.3%, n = 126, 40 to 52). Drug choice was largely based on availability in clinic (47.1%, n = 128, 41 to 53). Drug doses for common injection sites varied among the respondents with variation also evident in pre and post-injection practice. ConclusionMarked variation across some elements of injection therapy practice was evident. Notable differences in corticosteroid preparation used, the doses of drug injected, and the use of local anaesthetic were reported by respondents. Injecting physiotherapists should endeavour to ensure practice is aligned to best available evidence.

Evaluation of XR Applications: A Tertiary Review

Extended reality (XR) applications—encompassing virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality—are finding their way into multiple domains. Each area has different motivations for employing and different criteria for evaluating XR. Multiple surveys describe XR and its evaluation in particular fields. However, these surveys do not always agree on the definition of XR. This lack of consensus makes it hard to compare and use learnings from XR research across areas. Through a tertiary systematic literature review, we analyzed 81 surveys from several fields to provide a comprehensive summary of the state of XR research regarding the evaluation of XR applications. We seek to understand (i) how is XR defined? (ii) why is XR employed? (iii) how is XR evaluated? (iv) what are the main criticisms and future research paths outlined by the surveys? and (v) how good are the surveys? We present our findings describing XR research in 10 categories. Given our findings, we propose that future research should build upon a solid XR taxonomy and depart from effectiveness into efficiency research—to understand not only if but also how XR achieves the desired outcomes.

A pragmatic retrofitting approach to enhancing the thermal, energy and economic performance of an educational building: a case study in Malaysia

Abstract Building retrofit procedures play a crucial role in improving the energy performance and economic indicators of a building. In this context, an energy audit is typically recommended, but it is seldom used as a comprehensive approach due to the complexity and associated costs. This article aims to conduct a holistic energy audit approach for a university building in Malaysia, with the objective of diagnosing energy efficiency deficiencies, identifying areas of energy waste and proposing practical retrofit measures accordingly. The approach involved multiple stages, including measurements, surveys and simulation work. Eight energy-saving measures were proposed, targeting improvements in envelope elements, cooling and lighting systems, and operation and control. The Design-Builder software was utilized for energy simulation, assessing the annual energy savings. Economic evaluation indices, such as net present value and simple payback period, were used to assess the economic feasibility of the measures. The results demonstrated significant potential for energy reduction, with each measure achieving annual energy reductions ranging from 2% to 18%, and a cumulative impact of 41% on annual energy consumption when combined. The investment payback period for the energy-saving measures varied from 0.8 to 8.9 years, with a payback period of 3.9 years for the combined energy-saving measures. Furthermore, the net present value was positive, indicating the economic feasibility of investing in the proposed energy-saving measures. These findings provide valuable energy-saving opportunities that can be applied to improve similar buildings on the university campus.

Self-reported electronic symptom monitoring in older patients with multimorbidity treated for cancer: Development of a core dataset based on expert consensus, literature review, and quality of life questionnaires

IntroductionIn cancer care, symptom monitoring during treatment results in improved clinical outcomes such as improved quality of life, longer survival, and fewer hospital admissions. However, as the majority of patients with cancer are older and have multimorbidity, they may benefit from monitoring of additional symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify a core set of symptoms to monitor in older patients with multimorbidity treated for cancer, including symptoms caused by treatment side effects, destabilization of comorbidities, and functional decline. Materials and MethodsDuring a scoping literature search, 17 quality of life questionnaires were used to select 53 possible symptoms to monitor. An expert panel of cancer and geriatrics specialists was asked to participate in multiple online surveys to indicate whether these symptoms were not relevant to monitor, only relevant to monitor in a specific patient group, or relevant to monitor in all patients. In a subsequent round the list was reduced and the panel indicated how frequently these symptoms should be monitored during cancer treatment and after cancer treatment completion. Finally, a digital consensus meeting was organised to decide when symptoms had to trigger a recommendation to the patient to get in touch with their medical team. ResultsIn total, 30 healthcare professionals participated in the online surveys. After two rounds, a dataset of 19 symptoms related to cancer, cancer treatment, functional decline, and destabilization of comorbidities was agreed upon for monitoring. Five symptoms were selected for daily monitoring during treatment, seven for weekly, and seven for monthly. After treatment completion, the panel agreed upon less frequent reporting. Additionally, nine symptoms to be monitored only in patients with specific cancer types or treatment types were chosen, such as “cough up blood” in lung cancer. DiscussionThis study is the first to identify a core set of symptoms to monitor in older patients with multimorbidity treated for cancer. Future research is needed to investigate whether the monitoring of these symptoms is feasible and improves clinical outcomes in older patients with multimorbidity treated for cancer.