Multiple Shadows Research Articles

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung: clinicopathological analysis in seven adult patients

As the origin and pathology of inflammatory pseudotumor is not clearly understood, there has recently been some confusion regarding the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor. We performed clinicopathological analyses in seven patients with inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung histologically diagnosed after surgical resection. The seven patients, selected from patients admitted to Kawasaki Medical School Hospital between April 1989 and December 2005, consisted of four men and three women (average age, 60.4 years). The detection method was from clinical symptoms in two patients and from health examinations in five patients. Five patients had a solitary nodular shadow on chest radiographs and the other two patients had multiple shadows. Because it was difficult to distinguish pseudotumor from lung cancer by chest computed tomography in the five patients showing a solitary nodular shadow, the final diagnosis was obtained by surgical resection. In the other two patients, with multiple shadows, one of whom had nodular shadows with cavitary lesions, surgical resection was performed to distinguish the pseudotumor from metastatic lung cancer. The histological types according to the criteria of Matsubara were fibrous histiocytic in five patients, organizing pneumonia in one, and lymphoplasmocytic in one. The histological types according to the World Health Organization criteria were compact spindle-cell pattern in six patients and hypocellular fibrous pattern in one. Because it is difficult to make a preoperative diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor by radiological findings or histological findings using specimens obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy, surgical resection, such as video-assisted thoracic surgery or open lung biopsy, is required to differentiate inflammatory pseudotumors from primary or metastatic lung cancers.

Multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia

A 22-year-old woman was evaluated for multiple round shadows in the lower parts of her lungs at chest X-ray. At childhood she often had nose bleeding, but now she did not reveal any …

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-negative, API2-MALT1 Fusion-negative Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Lymphoma in a Young Male

A 22-year-old male presented with multiple bilateral nodular shadows in the lungs by chest radiograph. He had been asymptomatic and showed no significant abnormal findings in laboratory examinations. He underwent a diagnostic partial lobectomy, and was diagnosed as having primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma; i.e. bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma/BALToma. Neither t(11;18)(q21;q21) chromosomal translocation nor API2-MALT1 chimeric transcript was found at diagnosis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was also not detected in lymphoma cells. He had been a nonsmoker, and had also never shown any associated autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammatory lung diseases or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, he had suffered from moderate atopic dermatitis on his arms from childhood. It appears necessary to clarify whether atopy might play a role in the pathogenesis of API2-MALT1(-) BALT lymphoma for HIV(-) young patients who do not exhibit any other antecedent chronic antigenic stimulations.

Shadow elimination for effective moving object detection by Gaussian shadow modeling

This paper presents a novel approach for eliminating unexpected shadows from multiple pedestrians from a static and textured background using Gaussian shadow modeling. First, a set of moving regions are segmented from the static background using a background subtraction technique. The extracted moving region may contain multiple shadows from various pedestrians. In order to remove these unwanted shadows completely, a histogram-based method is proposed for isolating each pedestrian from the extracted moving region. Based on the results, a coarse-to-fine shadow modeling process is then applied for eliminating the unwanted shadow from the detected pedestrian. At the coarse stage, a moment-based method is first used for obtaining the rough shadow boundaries. Then, the rough approximation of the shadow region can be further refined through Gaussian shadow modeling. The chosen shadow model is parameterized with several features including the orientation, mean intensity, and center position of a shadow region. With these features, the chosen model can precisely model different shadows at different conditions and provide good capabilities for completely eliminating the unexpected shadows from the scene background. Due to the simplicity of the proposed method, all the shadows can be eliminated immediately (in less than 0.5 s). Experiments demonstrate that approximately 94% of shadows can be successfully eliminated from the scene background.

Extragonadal Retroperitoneal Embryonal Carcinoma Successfully Treated with Chemotherapy

A 27-year-old Japanese man visited our hospital for further evaluation of multiple shadows on his chest X-ray. A 6 cm hard mass was palpable in the left lower abdominal region. Histological examination revealed that the lung tumor resected by the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was an embryonal carcinoma (EC). He was diagnosed as retroperitoneal EC with multiple lung metastases. He underwent chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin, followed by 3 courses. A curative surgical operation revealed that there were no malignant cells in the lung lesions and primary lesion. This patient responded well to chemotherapy and achieved complete remission by chemotherapy.

Observations of Mountain Wave–Induced Precipitation Shadows over Northeast Pennsylvania

Abstract WSR-88D depictions of two mountain wave–induced precipitation shadows observed near the Wyoming Valley of northeast Pennsylvania are presented. These mountain waves developed in similar synoptic environments that featured a strong south to southeast low-level jet, a stable layer situated near mountaintop level, and cross-barrier flow that decreased with height. One event was associated with a well-defined, singular precipitation shadow, while the second event displayed multiple precipitation shadows. Subtle differences in the vertical distribution of temperature and wind shear between the two cases appeared to be instrumental in defining what type of structure the mountain wave and their associated precipitation shadows displayed. This is supported by calculations of Froude number, Brunt–Vaisala frequency, Scorer parameter, and horizontal wavelength for the two events. These mountain waves appear to have a significant effect on the local precipitation distribution in and near the heavily populate...

気胸時のＣＴ検査で発見されたびまん性過誤腫性肺脈管筋腫症の１例

We report a case of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis discovered current with a spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient was a 21-year-old female with chest pain. X ray on admission revealed right pneumothorax. Chest CT showed multiple cystic shadows in the whole lung field. Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis was diagnosed histopathologically by thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Relatively few cysts were observed on the CT, and their sizes were small. Pulmonary function tests were normal. Therefore, this case may be in a relatively early stage. The patiant is currently being treated with progesterone therapy. Unfortunately, though the patient has been treated for about 1 year, cystic shadows on chest CTs have increased in number and size, and pulmonary function data have slightly declined.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSING HEMANGIOMA OF THE LUNG -REPORT OF A CASE-

A 22-year-old woman had multiple nodular shadows in the left S4 of the lung on chest X-ray examination. There wre innumerable lesions on chest CT and the main nodules were well-demarcated and solid. On chest MRI, the main nodules were well enhanced and, on the dynamic study, gradually enhanced but no connection between vessels and nodules was seen on MRA. By transbronchial lung biopsy, the proliferation of type II alveolar cell and thickening of the basement membrane were found. Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma, hamartoma or granuloma was suspected. But we had difficulty in diagnosis. Partial resection of the lung was performed and, in the exised lung, various sizes of white nodules existed. Histopathologically, the main nodules were composed of cavernous hemangioma like portion, solid cellular, fibrosis, calcification and we diagnosed them as sclerosing hemangioma. On the other hand, small nodules were all solid, not demarcated well and had no blood pooling.

A CASE OF NON-INVASIVE BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSED BY MRI AND DUCTOENDOSCOPY

A 50-year-old woman was seen at the hospital upon noticing bloody nipple discharge from solitary duct of the left breast. Cytodiagnosis and CEA of the discharge were negative. Mammography, ultrasound of the breast and ductgraphy disclosed no apparent findings. However, magnetic resonance imageing (MRI) revealed multiple shadows with higher signals than that in breast tissues. Together with the ductoendoscopic findings suggested was malignancy that spread to the ducts.Microdochectomy leads to the diagnosis of non-invasive ductal carcinoma, corrborating the histpathological findings. In MRI of the breast using a contrast medium Gd-DTPA, the contrast medium, due to its nature, appears early in the cancer tissue, including that of non-invasive ductal carcinoma, before it dose in the surrounding tissues. The combination of MRI and ductoendoscopic findings of the breast will improve preoperative diagnosis and be an effective examination to determine the indications for breast conserving surgery.

Effects of shadowing types on ground-measured visible and near-infrared shadow reflectances

We analyzed the effect on the visible and near-infrared reflectance of shadows cast by a building, a conifer, and a hardwood on three different surfaces (grass, bare soil, and asphalt). Ground-measured radiances were collected with a radiometer measuring the SPOT-HRV bands and with a spectroradiometer measuring in the SPOT-HRV and LANDSAT-TM bands as well as giving the whole spectrum from 400 nm to 900 nm. We considered two types of reflectances: the “sunlit reflectance” and the “shadow reflectance,” which is calculated, using as irradiance, the radiance of the sunlit reference panel and of the shadowed reference panel, respectively. An analysis of variance showed that visible and near-infrared reflectances of shadows are significantly affected by the surface type and the shadow type. F-test values are higher for sunlit reflectances than for shadow reflectances as well as for near-infrared reflectances than for visible reflectances. Reflectances of hardwood shadows are generally higher and more variable than the ones of conifer shadows. Building shadows generally have lower reflectances than hardwood shadows and similar reflectances as conifer shadows. These reflectances were used to calculated two vegetation indices (NDVI and ARVI). They are also affected by the surface and shadow types. Whatever the object casting the shadows, spectra measured in the shadow are typical of the surface type (grass, bare soil, or asphalt). Further studies are needed on multiple shadows and penumbra effects, which are particularly important in the case of forest canopies.

Intraoperative sonography of intramedullary spinal cord tumours.

Intraoperative spinal sonography was performed 23 times in 20 patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumours, and the sonographic features were examined. Eight cases of astrocytoma were classified into three types: type 1, seen in 3 children, had intramedullary, circular or oval, hyperechogenic multiple tumour shadows; type 2 presented inter-multimyelomere, relatively well-defined single tumour shadows corresponding to grade III and I for two juvenile and aged cases each, respectively; and type 3 appeared ill-defined and diffusely infiltrating. The relationships between these types, the ages of patients and histological grades were considered a potential clue to mechanisms of occurrence and infiltration of astrocytoma. All 7 ependymomas had syrinxes, of three types; central canal was very large, the tumour lying within it like an island; or the tumour was in contact with a cephalocaudal side part of the syrinx; or the tumour had a syrinx or cyst. Sonographic images thus differ according to the tumour, but differential diagnosis is currently limited. Development of sonographic equipment, with upgrading its resolving power are hoped for.

辺縁明瞭な多発性小結節影と両側肺門リンパ節腫張を呈した肺サルコイドーシスの1例

辺縁明瞭な多発性小結節影と両側肺門リンパ節腫張を呈した肺サルコイドーシスの1例

TWO CASES OF INTUSSUSCEPTION ASSOCIATED WITH INTESTINAL LIPOMA

Two adult patients with intussusception due to intestinal lipoma were reported. Excision of the ileocecum was undertaken for lipoma of the ileal end in Patient 1. Partial excision of the ascending colon was undertaken for lipoma of the ascending colon in Patient 2. There are many cases where the presence of intestinal lipoma is unknown before the occurrence of the complication of intussusception, etc. Even in surgical cases, it is difficult to make a preoperative diagnosis. The correlation between intestinal lipoma and intussusception was studied with reference to the past literature. The importance of a coil ring appearance in CT and multiple concentric shadows on the echogram in diagnosis of intussusception was also discussed.

Generating soft shadows with a depth buffer algorithm

A pragmatic approach is taken to develop an algorithm that combines an existing shadowing method with a popular visible surface rendering technique, called a depth buffer, to generate soft shadows resulting from light sources of finite extent. The method extends F. Crow's shadow volume algorithm (1977) to produce multiple shadows overlapped to yield the characteristic soft edges of a shadow penumbra.

Radiographic anatomy of the paranasal sinuses. I. Waters' view.

THE NEED FOR a more complete knowledge of the radiographic anatomy of the skull is frequently demonstrated by the radiologist and otolaryngologist alike. In otolaryngology, x-rays are of great importance in the diagnosis and evaluation of infectious and neoplastic processes, traumatic injuries, and developmental anomalies. The obvious and marked changes can be easily recognized in most cases, but without sufficient anatomical orientation, many subtle changes go unnoticed, and many normal variants are thought to be pathological changes. The study of the radiographic anatomy of the skull is quite different from the study of its gross anatomy. This is partly due to the fact that in the gross anatomical examination, one single part and one single plane at a time can be examined. In the radiographic examination, however, each of the 22 bones of the skull casts multiple shadows and a large number of these are superimposed. Not only is there

THE MECHANISM OF THE SHADOW REFLEX IN CIRRIPEDIA. I. ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE SUPRAESOPHAGEAL GANGLION AND OCELLAR NERVE

1. The electrical activity of various parts of the nervous system under changing conditions of illumination in four species of barnacles has been studied. 2. The primary event at the photoreceptor is an "on" response that takes the form of a simple ERG similar to that described for the retinula cells in a number of other arthropods. 3. Evidence is presented that suggests that this information is transmitted to the second order neurons in the supraesophageal ganglion via electrotonic spread, but this cannot as yet be regarded as conclusive. 4. The second order neurons respond in a pure "off" fashion and are inhibited at "on." In Balanus this response, monitored at the circumesophageal connectives is tonic, while in Lepas and Mitella, recordings at the same position display a phasic response. It is suggested that, at best, third order neurons are responsible for the phasic response in the latter two genera. 5. Evidence is presented that both the primary "on" response and the second order "off" response are graded with intensity of illumination. 6. Failure to respond to multiple shadows is evident in the motor output of all species except Mitella, in which the stalk nerves respond repeatedly to multiple shadows. A possible explanation for the latter and a possible advantage of the former is offered.

Radiological Appearances in the Development of Coal Miners' Pneumokoniosis

(1) Thirty-one miners, who had been found to have coal miners' pnemuokoniosis, were re-X-rayed at an interval of three and a half or four years; those examined at the longer interval were also tomographed. (2) It appears evident that simple nodulation may develop into coalescent nodulation. Coalescent nodulation, multiple fluffy shadows, and, though there is less evidence of this, apical homogeneous shadows, may develop into massive shadows. (3) Apart from the specific, solid lesions of coal miners' pneumokoniosis, there develops in the more advanced cases a diffuse, streaky fibrosis, which by scarring and contraction, may be a factor in the production of generalised emphysema. Probably this diffuse fibrosis also plays a part in the formation of the more advanced lesions by binding together the original discrete nodules. (4) The tomograph cases were few, but clearly demonstrated that the disease may be more advanced than appears on the straight X-ray film. It supported the view that this advance in the di...

Pyelogram illustrating the Breaking of Two Shadows into Multiple Shadows as the Result of Injection of Sodium. Bromide

Pyelogram illustrating the Breaking of Two Shadows into Multiple Shadows as the Result of Injection of Sodium. Bromide