Multiple Rating Research Articles

A Hierarchical BERT-Based Transfer Learning Approach for Multi-Dimensional Essay Scoring

The task of automated essay scoring (AES) continues to attract interdisciplinary attention due to its commercial and educational importance as well as related research challenges. Traditional AES approaches rely on handcrafted features, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Neural network approaches have recently given fantastic results in AES without feature engineering, but they usually require extensive annotated data. Moreover, most of the existing AES models only report a single holistic score without providing diagnostic information about various dimensions of writing quality. Focusing on these issues, we develop a novel approach using multi-task learning (MTL) with fine-tuning Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for multi-dimensional AES tasks. As a state-of-the-art pre-trained language model, a BERT-based approach can improve AES tasks with limited training data. Meanwhile, we deal with long texts by proposing a hierarchical method and using the attention mechanism to automatically determine the contribution of different fractions of the input essay to the final score. For the multi-topic essay scoring tasks on the ASAP dataset, results reveal that our approach outperforms the average quadratic weighted Kappa (QWK) score by 4.5% compared with the strong baseline. We propose a self-collected dataset of C hinese E FL L earners’ A rgumentation (CELA) to provide valuable information about writing quality from multiple rating dimensions, including holistic and five analytic scales. For the multi-rating dimensional essay scoring tasks on the CELA dataset, experimental results demonstrate that our model increases the average QWK score by 8.1% compared with the strong baseline.

The Role of Audio and Visual Media in Improving English-Speaking Proficiency from Saudi College Students’ Perspective

This study aims to deeply explore the Saudi college students’ perspective about the role of audio and visual English media in developing their English-speaking proficiency. To arrive to the best results possible a survey was used as a data collection tool. A focus group of five college students who were interested in improving their English proficiency was formed. Following the brainstorming technique, they created a questionnaire of six multiple choice, checkbox, rating, and scale questions which was reviewed by three experts and then piloted on 30 students, improved accordingly, created by Google Forms, and finally distributed online via WhatsApp groups. College students who were interested in improving their English-speaking proficiency and used to listen to and/or watch English media were requested to respond to the questionnaire. A sample of 65 college students’ responses were received and the data was analyzed by Google Forms. The major results revealed that: -the immense majority of students believed the English media could affect their speaking proficiency, -YouTube, social media, songs, and movies were the most repetitively and continuously used by students. -YouTube and movies were the types of media that affected the speaking proficiency the most. -Pronunciation was the most affected area by the media. Related educational recommendations and deeper further studies were suggested.

Utility Indifference Valuation for Defaultable Corporate Bond with Credit Rating Migration

Credit risk modeling by debt pricing has been a popular theme in both academia and practice since the subprime crisis. In this paper, we devote our study to the indifferent price of a corporate bond with credit risk involving both default risk and credit rating migration risk in an incomplete market. The firm’s stock and a financial index on the market as tradable assets are introduced to hedge the credit risk, and the bond price is determined by the indifference of investors’ utilities with and without holding the bond. The models are established under the structural framework and result in Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) systems regarding utilities subject to default boundary and multiple migration boundaries. According to dynamic programming theory, closed-form solutions for pricing formulas are derived by implementing an inverted iteration program to overcome the joint effect of default and multiple credit rating migration. Therefore, with the derived explicit pricing formulas for the corporate bond, the models can be easily applied in practice, and investors can generate their strategies of hedging the credit risk by easily analyzing the impacts of the parameters on the bond price.

Multidimensional breathlessness assessment during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy adults.

This study explored if healthy adults could discriminate between different breathlessness dimensions when rated immediately one after another (successively) during symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing (CPET) using multiple single-item rating scales. Fifteen apparently healthy adults (60% male) aged 22 ± 2years performed six incremental cycle CPETs separated by ≥ 48h. During each CPET (at rest, every 2-min and at end exercise), participants rated different breathlessness sensations using the 0-10 modified Borg scale using one of six assessment protocols, randomized for order: (1) 'BREATHLESSALL' = breathlessness sensory intensity (SI), breathlessness unpleasantness (UN), work/effort of breathing (SQW/E), and unsatisfied inspiration (SQUI) assessed; (2) SI and UN assessed; and (3-6) SI, UN, SQW/E, and SQUI each assessed alone. Physiological responses to CPET were also evaluated. Physiological and breathlessness responses to CPET were comparable across the six protocols, with the exception of SI rated lower at the highest submaximal power output (220 ± 56 watts) during the BREATHLESSALL protocol (0-10 Borg units 4.2 ± 1.7) compared to SI + UN (5.2 ± 2.1, p = 0.03) and SI alone (5.1 ± 1.9, p = 0.04) protocols. Ratings of SI and SQW/E were not significantly different when assessed in the same protocol, and were significantly higher than UN and SQUI, which were comparable. In healthy younger adults, use of two separate single-item rating scales to assess breathlessness during CPET is feasible and enables the distinct sensory intensity and affective dimensions of exertional breathlessness to be assessed.

Assessment of Ataxia Rating Scales and Cerebellar Functional Tests: Critique and Recommendations.

We assessed the clinimetric properties of ataxia rating scales and functional tests, and made recommendations regarding their use. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the instruments used to rate ataxia symptoms. The identified rating scales and functional ability tests were reviewed and ranked by the panel as "recommended," "suggested," or "listed" for the assessment of patients with discrete cerebellar disorders, using previously established criteria. We reviewed 14 instruments (9 rating scales and 5 functional tests). "Recommended" rating scales for the assessment of symptoms severity were: for Friedreich's ataxia, the Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale, the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA); for spinocerebellar ataxias, ICARS and SARA; for ataxia telangiectasia: ICARS and SARA; for brain tumors, SARA; for congenital disorder of glycosylation-phosphomannomutase-2 deficiency, ICARS; for cerebellar symptoms in multiple sclerosis, ICARS; for cerebellar symptoms in multiple system atrophy: Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale and ICARS; and for fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome, ICARS. "Recommended" functional tests were: for Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia Functional Composite Score and Composite Cerebellar Functional Severity Score; and for spinocerebellar ataxias, Ataxia Functional Composite Score, Composite Cerebellar Functional Severity Score, and SCA Functional Index. We identified some "recommended" scales and functional tests for the assessment of patients with major hereditary ataxias and other cerebellar disorders. The main limitations of these instruments include the limited assessment of patients in the more severe end of the spectrum and children. Further research in these populations is warranted. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Executive functioning rating scales: Ecologically valid or construct invalid?

Executive functions are commonly measured using rating scales and performance tests. However, replicated evidence indicates weak/nonsignificant cross-method associations that suggest divergent rather than convergent validity. The current study is the first to investigate the relative concurrent and predictive validities of executive function tests and ratings using (a) multiple gold-standard performance tests, (b) multiple standardized rating scales completed by multiple informants, and (c) both performance-based and ratings-based assessment of academic achievement-a key functional outcome with strong theoretical links to executive function. A well-characterized sample of 136 children oversampled for ADHD and other forms of child psychopathology associated with executive dysfunction (ages 8-13; 68% Caucasian/non-Hispanic) completed a counterbalanced series of executive function and academic tests. Parents/teachers completed executive function ratings; teachers also rated children's academic performance. The executive function tests/ratings association was modest (r = .30) and significantly lower than the academic tests/ratings association (r = .63). Relative to ratings, executive function tests showed significantly higher cross-method predictive validity and significantly better within-method prediction; executive function ratings failed to demonstrate improved within-method prediction. Both methods uniquely predicted academic tests and ratings. These findings replicate prior evidence that executive function tests and ratings cannot be used interchangeably as executive function measures in research and clinical applications, while suggesting that executive function tests may have superior validity for predicting academic behavior/achievement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Multiple Credit Rating: Triple Rating under the Requirement of Dual Rating in Korea

ABSTRACT The paper investigates a unique phenomenon where triple rating gained popularity while dual rating is required in Korea. Triple rating may improve information production by introducing increased competition among CRAs (credit rating agencies) while it may exacerbate rating inflation through more rating shopping and rating catering on the ground of greater bargaining power shifted toward the issuer. We examine the effect of triple rating on rating inflation, information production, and rating changes. Triple rating on average has a lower rating and a greater information production effect than dual rating after controlling for endogeneity. The rating level appears to be a significant factor in shaping the future rating mandates in triple rating. The propensity that splits are resolved through rating upgrades in triple rating significantly existed but has noticeably faded away since the strict regulatory changes in 2009.

Evaluating Human Scoring Using Generalizability Theory

ABSTRACT Many high-stakes examinations in the United Kingdom (UK) use both constructed-response items and selected-response items. We need to evaluate the inter-rater reliability for constructed-response items that are scored by humans. While there are a variety of methods for evaluating rater consistency across ratings in the psychometric literature, we apply generalizability theory (G theory) to data from routine monitoring of ratings to derive an estimate for inter-rater reliability. UK examinations use a combination of double or multiple rating for routine monitoring, creating a more complex design that consists of cross-pairing of raters and overlapping of raters for different groups of candidates or items. This sampling design is neither fully crossed nor is it nested. Each double- or multiple-scored item takes a different set of candidates, and the number of sampled candidates per item varies. Therefore, the standard G theory method, and its various forms for estimating inter-rater reliability, cannot be directly applied to the operational data. We propose a method that takes double or multiple rating data as given and analyzes the datasets at the item level in order to obtain more accurate and stable variance component estimates. We adapt the variance component in observed scores for an unbalanced one-facet crossed design with some missing observations. These estimates can be used to make inferences about the reliability of the entire scoring process. We illustrate the proposed method by applying it to real scoring data.

Bulgarian consumers\u2019 objective understanding of front-of-package nutrition labels: a comparative, randomized study

BackgroundBulgaria continues to lag behind other EU Member States with respect to chronic disease morbidity and mortality prevention.MethodsIn line with efforts targeting the improvement of dietary practices, this comparative study assessed objective understanding of five different front-of-package labels (FOPL) (Reference Intakes, Multiple Traffic Lights, Warning label, Nutri-Score, and Health Star Rating) in a sample of 1010 Bulgarian adults. Objective understanding was assessed by comparing the results of two nutritional quality ranking tasks (with and without FOPL) in an online randomized experiment featuring three food categories (pizza, cakes, breakfast cereals). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models within and across food categories were fit.ResultsCompared with the Reference Intakes group, participants randomized to Nutri-Score exhibited the largest improvement in product ranking ability across food categories (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.55–3.51), followed by those randomized to Health Star Rating (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.32–3.00). Nutri-Score also performed best within two (pizza and breakfast cereals) of the three food categories. The Multiple Traffic Lights and Warning label groups did not display any significant improvement in objective understanding either within or across food categories compared with the Reference Intakes group.ConclusionNutri-Score, which is a summary, interpretive, polychromatic FOPL, emerged as the most effective model in the Bulgarian context, with the potential to help consumers better understand the nutritional quality of food. The findings are of particular interest to public health policymakers in the region and across Europe, as the debate about an EU-wide FOPL model continues to gather momentum.Trial registrationRegistration number ACTRN12618001221246. Trial registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.

On a multiple credit rating migration model with stochastic interest rate

In this paper, we explore a pricing model for corporate bond accompanied with multiple credit rating migration risk and stochastic interest rate. The bond price volatility strongly depends on potentially multiple credit rating migration and stochastic change of interest rate. A free boundary problem of partial differential equation is presented, which is the equivalent transformation of the pricing model. The existence, uniqueness, and regularity for the free boundary problem are established to guarantee the rationality of the pricing model. Due to the stochastic change of interest rate, the discontinuous coefficient in the free boundary problem depends explicitly on the time variable but is convergent as time tends to infinity. Accordingly, an auxiliary free boundary problem is constructed, whose coefficient is the convergent limit of the coefficient in the original free boundary problem. With some constraint on the risk discount rate satisfied, we prove that a unique traveling wave exists in the auxiliary free boundary problem. The inductive method is adopted to fit the multiplicity of credit rating. Then we show that the solution of the original free boundary problem converges to the traveling wave in the auxiliary free boundary problem. Returning to the pricing model with multiple credit rating migration and stochastic interest rate, we conclude that the bond price profile can be captured by a traveling wave pattern coupling with a guaranteed bond price with face value equal to one at the maturity.

Impact of sugar taxes and front-of-package nutrition labels on purchases of protein, calcium and fibre

Taxes and front-of-package (FOP) labels can be effective interventions for reducing consumption of sugar, saturated fat, and sodium; however, few studies have examined their impact on intake of ‘positive’ nutrients. The current study explored the impact of sugar taxes and FOP labels on the protein, calcium and fibre density of snack food purchases. A total of 3584 Canadians aged 13 years and older participated in an experimental marketplace using a 3 × 8 between-within group experiment. Participants received $5 and viewed images of 20 snack food products available for purchase. Participants were randomized to one of five FOP label conditions (no label, high in, multiple traffic light, health star rating, or nutrition grade) and completed three within-subject purchasing tasks with different sugar tax conditions (no tax, 20%, tiered). Upon conclusion, participants received the product and any change from one of the purchasing tasks. The results indicate that participants purchased snack foods with higher fibre density when either sugar tax was applied (+0.1 g/100 kcal) compared to no tax, and when they were assigned to see the multiple traffic light (+0.4 g/100 kcal) or health star rating (+0.3 g/100 kcal) FOP labels, compared to no FOP label. There were no significant differences in the protein or calcium density of snack foods purchased across the tax or FOP labelling conditions. Overall, the findings suggest that as consumers respond to tax or labelling policies by moving away from sugars, sodium, and saturated fat, there may be no downside—or even an increase—in ‘positive’ nutrient density.

Free boundary problem pricing defaultable corporate bonds with multiple credit rating migration risk and stochastic interest rate

In this paper, valuation for a defaultable corporate bond subject to multiple credit rating migration risk and stochastic volatility of interest rate is addressed in the structure framework through a free boundary problem, which is derived by a series of transformations. The existence, uniqueness and regularity of solution to the free boundary problem are obtained to verify the rationality of the bond pricing model. Furthermore, we show that the solution of the free boundary problem is convergent to a close form steady status, which may provide some information on the developing characteristics of the bond price. As the coexistence of stochastic interest rate and defaulting boundary, this convergence is achieved through an auxiliary free boundary problem and a Lyapunov argument. Interestingly, the converged steady status can be explicitly solved, which is not the case in the existing literatures on multiple credit rating migration. Finally, we present an explicit formula for valuating this defaultable bond with multiple credit rating migration risk and stochastic interest rate.

Clinical features of multiple system atrophy with or without rapid eye movement behavior disorder: a cross-sectional study in southwest China.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rapid eye movement behavior disorder (RBD) in Chinese patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and to compare motor and non-motor symptoms and sleep disturbance of MSA patients with and without RBD. A total of 55 patients who were consecutively admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2016 to 2019 and subsequently diagnosed with probable MSA were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The diagnosis of RBD was based on the results of video polysomnography (PSG) and a history of abnormal sleep-related behaviors. The patients were divided into two groups: those with RBD and those without. These two groups were then compared in terms of severity of motor symptoms (Unified Multiple System Arophy Rating Scale) and non-motor symptoms (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination score, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and sleep parameters as recorded on PSG. Of the 55 patients (35 males), 18 (33%, 13 males) were diagnosed with RBD. Patients with or without RBD did not differ in demographic characteristics, clinical features, or sleep parameters based on PSG. There was no difference in motor and non-motor symptoms between MSA patients with or without RBD, indicating that the presence of RBD may not be significantly associated with the severity of motor or non-motor dysfunction in MSA.

Safety and efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate in multiple system atrophy (PROMESA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Multiple system atrophy is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterised by aggregation of α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes and neurons. The polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and reduces associated toxicity. We aimed to establish if epigallocatechin gallate could safely slow disease progression in patients with multiple system atrophy. We did a randomised, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled clinical trial at 12 specialist centres in Germany. Eligible participants were older than 30 years; met consensus criteria for possible or probable multiple system atrophy and could ambulate independently (ie, were at Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-3); and were on stable anti-Parkinson's, anti-dysautonomia, anti-dementia, and anti-depressant regimens (if necessary) for at least 1 month. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to epigallocatechin gallate or placebo (mannitol) via a web-generated permuted blockwise randomisation list (block size=2) that was stratified by disease subtype (parkinsonism-predominant disease vs cerebellar-ataxia-predominant disease). All participants and study personnel were masked to treatment assignment. Participants were given one hard gelatin capsule (containing either 400 mg epigallocatechin gallate or mannitol) orally once daily for 4 weeks, then one capsule twice daily for 4 weeks, and then one capsule three times daily for 40 weeks. After 48 weeks, all patients underwent a 4-week wash-out period. The primary endpoint was change in motor examination score of the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) from baseline to 52 weeks. Efficacy analyses were done in all people who received at least one dose of study medication. Safety was analysed in all people who received at least one dose of the study medication to which they had been randomly assigned. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02008721) and EudraCT (2012-000928-18), and is completed. Between April 23, 2014, and Sept 3, 2015, 127 participants were screened and 92 were randomly assigned-47 to epigallocatechin gallate and 45 to placebo. Of these, 67 completed treatment and 64 completed the study (altough one of these patients had a major protocol violation). There was no evidence of a difference in the mean change from baseline to week 52 in motor examination scores on UMSARS between the epigallocatechin gallate (5·66 [SE 1·01]) and placebo (6·60 [0·99]) groups (mean difference -0·94 [SE 1·41; 95% CI -3·71 to 1·83]; p=0·51). Four patients in the epigallocatechin gallate group and two in the placebo group died. Two patients in the epigallocatechin gallate group had to stop treatment because of hepatotoxicity. 48 weeks of epigallocatechin gallate treatment did not modify disease progression in patients with multiple system atrophy. Epigallocatechin gallate was overall well tolerated but was associated with hepatotoxic effects in some patients, and thus doses of more than 1200 mg should not be used. ParkinsonFonds Deutschland, German Parkinson Society, German Neurology Foundation, Lüneburg Foundation, Bischof Dr Karl Golser Foundation, and Dr Arthur Arnstein Foundation.

Evolution of prodromal parkinsonian features in a cohort of GBA mutation-positive individuals: a 6-year longitudinal study

ObjectivesGBA1 mutations are a frequent risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical features in a group of GBA1 mutation–positive individuals over a...

The Investigation of Multiple Product Rating Based on Data Mining Approaches

Ratings and product reviews could be considered as one of the main features determining the quality of a product in online store systems, especially in deciding whether to place a product as part of an online store's inventory. Online vendors are attracted by product reviews and ratings in order to study on potential products and related predictions. In this way, different machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine, Bayesian Networks, Random Forests and Logistic Regression are investigated. The performance of each model is evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity and F1 score on the data from amazon online store website, 1996 to 2014. It is noteworthy to mention that the results of this paper can be used as an initial input to long-term product rating predictions. Keywords : Rating, Machine Learning Algorithm, Text mining, Classification, Resampling DOI : 10.7176/CEIS/10-5-03 Publication date :June 30 th 2019

Evaluation of the frequency of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease in adult patients with Gaucher disease type 1

BackgroundGaucher disease (GD) is caused by deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) due to biallelic variations in the GBA1 gene. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition. The classic motor symptoms of PD may be preceded by many non-motor symptoms (NMS), which include hyposmia, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, constipation, cognitive impairment, and depression. Population studies have identified mutations in GBA1 as the main risk factor for idiopathic PD. The present study sought to evaluate the prevalence of NMS in a cohort of patients with GD type 1 from Southern Brazil.MethodologyThis is an observational, cross-sectional study, with a convenience sampling strategy. Cognition was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCa), daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Scale, depression by the Beck Inventory, constipation by the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale, and REM sleep behavior disorder by the Single-Question Screen; hyposmia by the Sniffin’ Sticks. Motor symptoms were assessed with part III of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. All patients were also genotyped for the GBA1 3′-UTR SNP (rs708606).ResultsTwenty-three patients (female = 13; on enzyme replacement therapy = 21, substrate reduction therapy = 2) with a mean age of 41.45 ± 15.3 years (range, 22–67) were included. Eight patients were found to be heterozygous for the 3′-UTR SNP (rs708606). Fourteen patients (8 over age 40 years) presented at least one NMS; daytime sleepiness was the most frequent (n = 10). Two patients (aged 63 and 64, respectively) also presented motor symptoms, probably drug-related.ConclusionsNMS were prevalent in this cohort. We highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary follow-up focusing on earlier diagnosis of PD, especially for patients with GD type 1 over the age of 40.

Pupillary dysfunction of multiple system atrophy: Dynamic pupillometric findings and clinical correlations

IntroductionAlthough autonomic dysfunction is the prominent clinical feature in multiple system atrophy (MSA), little is known about the pupillary autonomic aspect of MSA. We aimed to evaluate pupillary autonomic function in MSA patients using dynamic pupillometry, which can quantify the pupillary light reflex. MethodsDynamic pupillometry parameters were compared in 21 MSA patients and 21 healthy controls. Pupillometric parameters were correlated with total Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) scores and autonomic symptom severity. ResultsAverage constriction (p = 0.034) and dilation (p = 0.003) velocities were significantly slowed in MSA patients compared with controls. Total UMSARS correlated with the average constriction (r = −0.527, p = 0.017) and maximum constriction (r = −0.658, p = 0.003) velocities. Autonomic symptom severity correlated with average constriction (r = −0.544, p = 0.013), maximum constriction (r = −0.607, p = 0.005) and average dilation (r = −0.499, p = 0.025) velocities. ConclusionDynamic pupillometry may provide useful information about pupillary autonomic dysfunction, which correlated with the clinical severity, in patients with MSA.

Angularly continuous light‐field format: Concept, implementation, and evaluation

AbstractIn this paper, we present the concept, the implementation, and the evaluation of our novel angularly continuous light‐field format. We compared the subjective visual performance of our format with the perspective camera format through a series of subjective and objective tests. In our extensive subjective study, we used multiple absolute and comparative rating scales and various visual stimuli with different contents and angular resolutions. The perceived quality was assessed by a total of 36 test participants, who were separated based on their scientific expertise. The objective quality was evaluated through the degradations caused by three well‐known compression methods. The obtained results indicate that our light‐field format may outperform the conventional format, and it generally can provide at least equivalent visual quality. Furthermore, these findings open the way for data size optimization, without compromising the achieved level of perceived quality.

Prevalence of and factors associated with postural deformities in Chinese patients with multiple system atrophy

ObjectiveThe prevalence of postural deformities in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) has varied among previous studies. The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with postural deformities in Chinese MSA patients. MethodsA total of 732 MSA patients were consecutively enrolled in the current study. Clinical data including age, sex, age of onset, disease duration, onset symptom and treatment were collected. The Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) was used to evaluate the severity of the disease. ResultsOne hundred and fourteen (15.6%) patients presented with camptocormia. Thirty-one (4.2%) patients manifested with Pisa syndrome. Twenty-four (3.3%) patients presented with antecollis. Patients who exhibited postural deformities were more common among the MSA patients with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) (P < 0.05). In addition, MSA patients with postural deformities had a longer disease duration compared to those patients without postural deformities (P < 0.001). After adjusting for disease duration, compared with patients without postural deformities, MSA patients with postural deformities presented with higher score of UMSARS-I (P < 0.001), UMSARS-II (P < 0.001), UMSARS-IV (P < 0.001), and total UMSARS (P < 0.001) scores. The binary logistic regression model indicated that the factors associated with postural deformity in MSA patients were the total UMSARS score (OR = 1.076, P < 0.001) and MSA-P subtype (OR = 3.870, P < 0.001). ConclusionPostural deformities were common in Chinese MSA patients. Camptocormia was the most common type of postural deformity, followed by Pisa syndrome and antecollis. The factors associated with postural deformity were the severity of the disease and MSA-P subtype.