Multiple Places Research Articles

Exploring multi-local working: challenges and opportunities for contemporary cities

ABSTRACTAn increasing phenomenon in contemporary cities is to work in multiple places, such as home, offices, and coffee shops, while simultaneously using ICT devices and networks. However, little attention has been paid to the new socio-spatial demands facing city services. This phenomenon has been empirically studied through a comparative case study in the city centre of Helsinki, Finland, by conducting observations of one public library (Library 10) and one coffee shop (Café Köket), as well as semi-structured interviews with the multi-local workers and managers of the two places. This comparative case study shows that multi-local workers with different profiles (age, level of education, contract of employment) and varied socio-spatial working practices use the library and coffee shop for several working purposes, such as individual or collective informal offices, or as temporary workplaces of a larger city network with urban ambiance. Thus, discussion of this phenomenon has shifted to a re-conceptualizing of the third place as well as future visioning of the business model of coffee shops and service concepts of libraries. The results might be useful to managers, architects, planners and policy makers when developing the network of facilities within the cities as well as the multi-functionality of urban spaces.

Seasonal mobility and well-being of older people: The case of ‘Snowbirds’ to Sanya, China

Seasonal retired migrants have increased rapidly in developing countries in recent years. This article adopts a relational perspective to understand the relationships between older people's seasonal mobility and well-being. It shows that the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of seasonal mobility and the non-western sociocultural context influence older people's relations with their places of origin and destination, which in turn shape their well-being experiences during seasonal mobility. Narrative analysis of interview data from five pairs of ‘snowbirds’ to Sanya, China, reveals that seasonal mobility and well-being of older people are evolving processes, interwoven with risks and opportunities. Older people construct routinized daily activities, stable social relations, and peer-supporting and active-aging environments in their place of destination to maintain short-term well-being. However, they encounter difficulties in integrating the corporeal and social dimensions of their bodily experiences and constructing long-term well-being due to their separations from their lifelong relations in their places of origin. But overall, seasonal mobility creates alternative options for aging across multiple places and promotes leisure-oriented aging life.

How Language Teacher Identities Conflict in Light of Bourdieu’s Concepts of Habitus, Capital, and Field

Author(s): Alshareefy, Rajwan | Abstract: Adopting Bourdieu’s (1986, 1977) concepts of habitus, field, and capital as a framework, I reflect on my multiple fluid identities as I study, teach, and live within two socially, culturally, and politically distinct places (Iraq and the United States). I examine my privileged and/or marginalized self throughout my journey and the way this privilege/marginalization influences my language teaching and learning experiences. The narratives used in this paper include poems I wrote, my literacy autobiography, and a few Facebook posts. Through my reflection, I provide an example of identity construction of a scholar and a teacher as he inhabits multiple space and places.

New forms of multi-local working: identifying multi-locality in planning as well as public and private organizations’ strategies in the Helsinki region

ABSTRACTOver the last decades, there has been a significant development towards new forms of multi-locality, particularly for job-related reasons. In addition to offices, many can work in multiple places (such as the home, co-working spaces, coffee shops and public libraries). In addition to workers in start-ups and small entrepreneurs, who are traditionally known to be more mobile, white-collar workers employed by organizations are increasingly becoming multi-local. However, little is known about the ways in which multi-locality is addressed within the urban regions. This phenomenon has been studied at Aalto and NMBU University within the BEMINE research project by analysing recent policy and planning documents, as well as organizations’ strategies within the Helsinki region. In addition to a literature review, a qualitative analysis of planning documents was conducted as well as semi-structured interviews with five organizations (both private and public) in Finland employing mobile white-collars. The findings reveal that while policy-makers and city planners have not yet addressed the complexity of multi-locality, both private and public organizations are focusing on more concrete multi-local strategies and working practices. More dialogue is needed amongst policy-makers, city planners and organizations to address multi-locality at different levels of analysis and planning.

The Methodology for the CLER National Report of Findings 2018.

The Methodology for the CLER National Report of Findings 2018.

Quantifying the Nature and Extent of Children's Real-time Exposure to Alcohol Marketing in Their Everyday Lives Using Wearable Cameras: Children's Exposure via a Range of Media in a Range of Key Places.

Children's exposure to alcohol marketing is typically measured using self-report data, television viewing data or street marketing audits, which are subject to bias and often do not provide quantifiable measures of daily exposure. This article describes an innovative methodology to capture the world in which children live using wearable cameras. Children wearing wearable cameras were exposed 4.5 times per day to alcohol marketing in multiple places and via a range of marketing media. The results reinforce calls for legislative restrictions and a global response to alcohol marketing in order to protect children and reduce alcohol-related harm. Children aged 11-13 years (n = 167) wore cameras that automatically captured images approximately every 7 s for a 4-day period between June 2014 and July 2015. Content analysis of images (n = 700,000) was manually undertaken to assess children's exposure to alcohol marketing. On average, children were exposed to alcohol marketing 4.5 (95% CI: 3.3, 6.0) times per day, excluding within off-licence retailers, on screens and product packaging. Children were exposed at home (47%), on-licence alcohol retailers (19%), off-licence shop fronts (16%) and sporting venues (12%), and via sports sponsorship (31%) and shop front signage (31%) and merchandise (25%). The highest exposure rates were found among Māori (5.4 times higher than New Zealand European) and Pacific (3.0 times higher than New Zealand European), and boys (2.0 times higher than girls). These findings highlight the urgent need to implement strict legislative restrictions on all forms of alcohol marketing to fulfil the World Health Organization Global Alcohol Strategy.

Relational spaces and relational care: Campus sexual violence, intimate geopolitics and topological polis

Critical care ethics argues that care's political potential lies in its relationality. Geographic scholarship on relationality can provide an avenue for unpacking the politics of care. This paper explores how a spatial relational care approach illuminates how caring agencies occurring in particular places have political reach to people and places well beyond those initial sites. A spatial relational care approach seeks to bring visibility to the diversity of caring and non‐caring relationalities that occur between multiple people, places, events, times and structural underpinnings. Such geographic relational scholarship on care brings attention to the ways that people and places are non‐autonomous through caring relations. This paper suggests that the frameworks of topological polis and intimate geopolitics can extend our relational understandings of care and offer insights into aspects of social life that care research has yet to explore. Empirically, this paper draws on a high‐profile campus sexual assault case to argue that the spaces of care need to be understood beyond where the initial care act took place, that responding to care creates relational poleis and that the site of the body is relationally bound with care and violence.

GenomeTrakr proficiency testing for foodborne pathogen surveillance: an exercise from 2015.

Pathogen monitoring is becoming more precise as sequencing technologies become more affordable and accessible worldwide. This transition is especially apparent in the field of food safety, which has demonstrated how whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can be used on a global scale to protect public health. GenomeTrakr coordinates the WGS performed by public-health agencies and other partners by providing a public database with real-time cluster analysis for foodborne pathogen surveillance. Because WGS is being used to support enforcement decisions, it is essential to have confidence in the quality of the data being used and the downstream data analyses that guide these decisions. Routine proficiency tests, such as the one described here, have an important role in ensuring the validity of both data and procedures. In 2015, the GenomeTrakr proficiency test distributed eight isolates of common foodborne pathogens to participating laboratories, who were required to follow a specific protocol for performing WGS. Resulting sequence data were evaluated for several metrics, including proper labelling, sequence quality and new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Illumina MiSeq sequence data collected for the same set of strains across 21 different laboratories exhibited high reproducibility, while revealing a narrow range of technical and biological variance. The numbers of SNPs reported for sequencing runs of the same isolates across multiple laboratories support the robustness of our cluster analysis pipeline in that each individual isolate cultured and resequenced multiple times in multiple places are all easily identifiable as originating from the same source.

Positional Accuracy of Online Geocoding Services: Case Study of Bhaktapur District

Data is food for Information Systems and location data is basis for GIS services. Geocoding services provide this data by converting Street Addresses like NCIT, Balkumari to corresponding geographic coordinates. These coordinates are then used in data processing to deliver services. Many services (especially location based), FourSquare, Uber, depend on these services for operation. Nepalese market is also increasingly using these services like Tootle, sarathi cab. Till now nobody knows how accurate the result of such services are. There exist multiple places with same name. Some names are not actual but referential. Accuracy of the services depend on the underlying database, the method used, the actual geographic location and also the actual query. Different methods yield different results. The assessment of accuracy and suitability of the geocoding services has not been conducted, yet they are being used extensively. The objective of this study is to compare the positional difference between two Geocoding methods, OpenStreetMap (OSM) Nominatim Service and Google Geocoding Services and compare them with standard government datasets to measure their discrepancy. For reference, settlement data from NGIID was used. Addresses were first geocoded to street level and positional difference in the results were calculated using havensire formula. The discrepancies were categorized into intervals of 100m. Out of 267 location points, 118 result were found in Nominatim, whereas only 86 were found in Google. Average discrepancy for Nominatim result was 175m and for Google it was 1810m. Comparisons show minimal difference in median and minimum values, while there were larger differences in the maximum value. Nominatim delivered comparatively accurate results and found more addresses than google. Google on the other hand gave huge mismatches for some cases. The study found out that the databases are missing in both cases as shown by the no of “not found" cases and that the results from Nominatim are more reliable than that of Google because of its hierarchical matching system and user friendly interface.

Application of Inverse Perspective Mapping for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems in Automotive Embedded Systems

<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In the recent times vehicle manufactures and automotive suppliers are progressing towards building vision based subsystems for provisioning driver assistance while targeting the automotive safety critical needs. While the acquired images constitute the fundamental input for any vision based system, transforms on images become essential to derive and gain insight into certain specific features. These derived features are used and reused at multiple places for varied automotive applications. This situation warrants a scalable and flexible image processing platform for a class of automotive applications. An attempt is made in this Research work to propose architecture that, specially, includes a layer of image transformations and to implement a prototype image processing platform. Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM), a widely used class of transforms is emphasized in the present architecture alongside other nominal transforms. Lane departure warning system is implemented on this platform for the purpose of illustration and to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed architecture</span>

Spatial period doubling, invariant pattern, and break point in economic agglomeration in two dimensions

Mechanisms of an economic agglomeration of multiple places in a square lattice economy are elucidated by a comparative study with a racetrack economy. As a common mechanism to engender fewer larger agglomerations in both economies, doubling of their spatial period is advanced. The replicator dynamics in these economies accommodates characteristic agglomeration patterns that are solutions of the governing equation for any values of transport cost. A break point is used to index the onset of a bifurcation breaking uniformity as the transport cost decreases. Analytical formulas for this point that can synthetically encompass both economies are derived for an economic geography model.

Surfing and ocean-based death ritual: the paddle-out ceremony

This paper is based on interviews with self-identified surfers from both Australia and Hawaii who have extensive histories of participation in the surfing funeral or post-funeral ritual of the paddle-out ceremony. The paddle-out is an ocean-based death ritual in which the deceased are symbolically, and often materially through cremains, placed in the ocean and farewelled through highly physical ritual actions. In a paddle-out, surfing communities located at specific, and sometimes multiple places, come together to acknowledge, remember and tell stories of a member who is missing in the line-up. As a rite of passage, the paddle-out does not neatly fit anthropology’s, and particularly van Gennep’s idea of the funeral as primarily a separation ritual. Indeed, our research suggests that ideas of separation and connection, departure and continuing to mingle with the living all operate in how the ritual is experienced and interpreted. While co-extensive with Hawaiian surfing traditions, the paddle-out is also an adaptive, modern, flexible ritual open to personalisation in its form and meaning. The paddle-out ceremony is a rite passage for both the living and the dead and the deeply physical nature of the ritual provides a transformational experience of emotional release while also creating and renewing bonds and group solidarity. The circle formation, a key symbolic practice in the ritual, is central to production and self-recognition of community as participants face each other with the bereaved often placed inside the circle’s centre in a visual, physical act of support. The deceased are also symbolically placed in the centre as the ritual mourns their loss and invariably celebrates their life and surfing identity.

Re-engaging with places: Understanding bio-geo-graphical disruption and flow in adult brain injury survivors

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults worldwide. After a period of rehabilitation, many ABI survivors still face complex mind/body conditions when they try to take up their former life again. Besides lasting visible impairments such as weakness and loss of body balance, there are often less obvious disabilities such as extreme fatigue, hypersensitivity for stimuli, memory, concentration and attention problems or personality changes. The aim of this paper is to understand how ABI survivors and their significant others renegotiate their engagements with everyday places, using the concepts of bio-geo-graphical disruption and flow. We conducted in-depth interviews and did a place-mapping exercise with 18 adult ABI survivors and their significant others. The data were analysed according to the principles of thematic analysis, with use of Atlas.ti. In the struggles of ABI survivorsˈ relations with place, our findings show diversity in personal experiences and strategies, as well as commonalities at a more general level. First, having access to meaningful places, old and new, and coming to terms with the fact that some places may not be accessible anymore, appeared to be vital in the participants’ process of healing. Second, the interplay or, as we call it, reciprocity, between different places can contribute to wellbeing: for instance, the security and continuity found at home may enable ABI survivors to handle a trip to a crowded city centre. Thus, by framing mind/body problems of ABI survivors in terms of a network of meaningful places rather than as a body with lost functions, our study shows how the reciprocity between multiple places has a potentially positive effect on life post-ABI.

Health Risks of Selected Mass Gatherings in the Philippines in 2015 and Implications for Public Health Preparedness

Background. Mass gatherings (MG) are events that draw together a large number of people in one or several occasions happening in single or multiple places for a definite period of time. These can lead to different public health risks through exposure to infectious diseases, trauma, and environmental factors. The Philippine Department of Health (DOH) in 2015 participated in special planned events that constituted mass gatherings namely the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings, the Black Nazarene procession, and the Papal Visit.
 Objective. The study aimed to describe the different health risks arising from the three (3) identified mass gathering events in the Philippines in 2015 and relate them to public health preparedness.
 Methods. This was a descriptive study of the health risks arising from the MG events. Sources of data were reports submitted by deployed medical teams to the Operations Center (Opcen) that closely monitored the MG.
 Results. The study found infectious causes, trauma, temperature-related conditions, and noncommunicable diseases to be the important categories of health risks in the specified mass gatherings. These validated the common health risk categories observed in previously well-studied mass gatherings.
 Conclusion. The study highlighted important health risks and factors for consideration in public health preparedness for mass gatherings in terms of appropriate and effective public health strategies that should be established to minimize health risks and reduce health system impacts of mass gatherings.

Small and medium cities and development of Mexican rural areas

Like the rest of Latin America, Mexico is a highly-urbanized country. Yet rural populations, geographies and economic activities continue to play a significant role in national development, while there are persistent and large rural-urban inequalities in well-being and opportunities. Promoting rural-urban linkages has been proposed as a strategy to reduce spatial inequalities, but there is much academic and policy debate about whether urban development has positive (spread) or negative (backwash) effects on rural development. This could translate into synergistic or predatory urban-rural linkages. This study examines how proximity to cities, and population and per capita income in cities, affect population growth and welfare in rural places in Mexico. Using data for 2000 and 2010, our findings include: (a) 75% of rural people live within 90 min of an urban area, and 60% within 60 min; (b) proximity to a city increases rural population growth and welfare; (c) adverse (backwash) effects on rural areas due to increases in urban per capita income are very small and of no economic significance; (d) cities with populations in the 350,000–500,000 range appear to have more positive effects on rural areas than smaller or larger cities; (e) rural localities interact with multiple urban places simultaneously.

Food Safety and Contract Edamame: The Geopolitics of the Vegetable Trade in East Asia

This paper examines how the proliferation of the new Japanese food‐safety regime has influenced the edamame industries of China and Taiwan—the two largest producers of edamame beans in the world. Edamame is not only a popular cuisine in the Asia‐Pacific region, it is also responsible for the largest‐scale frozen vegetable flow in East Asia. This study addresses how the interaction between geopolitical realities and the subcontracting of edamame crops has created an access regime governing the vegetable trade in East Asia. By addressing the complexity of the geopolitics related to contract farming, this study considers the extent to which the Japanese edamame trade has subordinated edamame producers in multiple places in Asia, while Taiwan's edamame industry has positioned itself to obtain preferential access to the edamame flow between Japan, Taiwan, and China.

Bullying in youth sport training: A nationwide exploratory and descriptive research in Portugal

We describe and analyse the incidence and nature of bullying behaviours in male adolescent athletes (n = 1458), from 9 different sports, and 97 sport clubs, across Portugal. We collected information about the prevalence of roles in bullying, types of bullying, the frequency and duration of episodes, the location and activities in which they occur, the number of athletes involved, the feelings of those involved, communication of victims and bullies about their involvement in bullying episodes, the reasons ascribed, coping strategies and victim support sources. Altogether about 10% of athletes reported having been victimized, 11% participated in bullying episodes as bullies, and 35% as bystanders. Bullying episodes were usually characterized by low frequency and low duration and were most frequently verbal bullying inside the sport club. However, when episodes became repeated and with long duration,this tended to generalize to multiple types of bullying (especially verbal and social) and multiple places where episodes occurred, in sport clubs and also in competition. We conclude that bullying in youth sport training is an important topic; there is a need for both prevention and early broadly based intervention which involves coaches, peers and family.

Pre-agricultural plant management in the uplands of the central Zagros: the archaeobotanical evidence from Sheikh-e Abad

Prior to the emergence of agriculture in southwest Asia, increasingly sedentary human communities were experimenting with a diverse range of wild plants over a prolonged period. In some cases, this involved the cultivation of taxa that would go on to be domesticated and form the foundation of future agricultural economies. However, many forms of plant use did not follow this trajectory, and in multiple places farming was only taken up later as an established ‘package’ of crops and management practices. In this paper, we present new archaeobotanical evidence from the Early Neolithic site of Sheikh-e Abad in the central Zagros mountains of western Iran. Sheikh-e Abad is unique in being the only settlement known to date within southwest Asia that lies at an altitude above 1,000 m and which has occupation spanning the agricultural transition (9800–7600 bc). Thus, it provides a rare opportunity to examine pre-agricultural plant management strategies in an upland zone. Our analyses of the plant remains from Sheikh-e Abad suggest that from its earliest occupation the site’s inhabitants were ‘auditioning’ a group of locally available wild grasses, which ultimately were never domesticated. We discuss the possible reasons for this from a socio-ecological perspective, considering both the biology and ecology of the plant species in question, as well as the ways in which they were potentially managed.

Dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in urban areas in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil: Importance of virological and entomological surveillance.

BackgroundVector control remains the sole effective method to prevent dengue virus (DENV) transmission, although a vaccine for dengue has recently become available and testing of its efficacy and coverage is being performed in multiple places. Entomological surveillance is a key factor in alerting authorities to possible outbreaks, but until now natural DENV infection of mosquito populations has been scarcely used as an early warning system to monitor fluctuating prevalence of infected mosquitoes. The purpose of this study was to determine the burden of adult and larval/pupae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus with DENV in urban areas in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.Methodology/Principal findingsImmature insect forms (larvae and pupae) were collected from April 2011 to March 2012, whereas the collection of adults was conducted along 3 years: May 2011 to April 2014. Total RNAs of the samples were extracted and the nested reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detecting and typing DENV was performed. Of the 1333 immature insects collected during the study period, 1186 (89%) were A. aegypti and 147 (11%) A. albopictus. DENV-4 was identified in pools of A. aegypti larvae. The rate of DENV infection in immature A. aegypti was expressed as MIR = 3.37. DENV wasnot detected in immature A. albopictus. A total of 1360 adult female mosquitoes of the Aedes genus were captured from May 2011 to April 2014. Of this total, 1293 were A. aegypti (95%) and 67 were A. albopictus (5%). From the 130 pools studied, 27 (20.7%) were positive for DENV. DENV-1 was identified in 2/27 (7.4%) pools; 1of A. albopictus and 1 of A. aegypti. DENV-2 was identified in only 1/27 (3.7%) A. aegypti pools. DENV-4 was the most prevalent, identified in 24/27 (88.8%) of the positive pools, with 19 being of A. aegypti and 5 of A. albopictus pools. The minimum infection rate for adults of the Aedes genus was 19.8, considering both A. aegypti and A. albopictus.Conclusions/SignificanceThis work represents the most complete study to date on the interaction between dengue viruses and Aedes mosquitoes in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, and raises important questions about a possible role of A. albopictus in the transmission of dengue virus in Brazil.

MONITORING OF HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS AND TOWER TRANSMITTERS BY MEANS OF GROUND-BASED INTERFEROMETRIC RADAR

Abstract. The paper describes possibilities of the relatively new technics – ground based radar interferometry for precise determining of deformation of structures. Special focus on the horizontal movements of high-rise buildings and on the tower transmitters is presented. The technology of ground based radar interferometry can be used in practice to the contactless determination of deformations of such structures with accuracy up to 0.01 mm in real time. It is also possible to capture oscillations of the object with a frequency up to 50 Hz in real time. Deformations can be determined simultaneously in multiple places of the object, for example in the case of high-rise buildings it is possible to monitor the horizontal vibration of the whole object at its different height levels intervals of one or more meters. It is possible to detect and determine the compound oscillations that occur in some types of such buildings. This allows to obtain both overall and detailed information about the properties of the structure during its dynamic load e.g. by wind. Then prevent any damage or even disasters in these objects. In addition to the necessary theory basic principles of using radar interferometry for determining of deformation of structures are given. Practical examples of determining of horizontal movements of high-rise building and tower transmitter are also given. The IBIS-S interferometric radar of the Italian IDS manufacturer was used for the measurements.