Multiple Paradigms Research Articles

Scalable parallel photonic processing unit for various neural network accelerations

In recent years, integrated optical processing units (IOPUs) have demonstrated advantages in energy efficiency and computational speed for neural network inference applications. However, limited by optical integration technology, the practicality and versatility of IOPU face serious challenges. In this work, a scalable parallel photonic processing unit (SPPU) for various neural network accelerations based on high-speed phase modulation is proposed and implemented on a silicon-on-insulator platform, which supports parallel processing and can switch between multiple computational paradigms simply and without latency to infer different neural network structures, enabling to maximize the utility of on-chip components. The SPPU adopts a scalable and process-friendly architecture design, with a preeminent photonic-core energy efficiency of 0.83 TOPS/W, two to ten times higher than existing integrated solutions. In the proof-of-concept experiment, a convolutional neural network (CNN), a residual CNN, and a recurrent neural network (RNN) are all implemented on our photonic processor to handle multiple tasks of handwritten digit classification, signal modulation format recognition, and review emotion recognition. The SPPU achieves multi-task parallel processing capability, serving as a promising and attractive research route to maximize the utility of on-chip components under the constraints of integrated technology, which helps to make IOPU more practical and universal.

A phenomenon-based approach to handling multiple paradigms: Investigating power in international knowledge transfer through active categorization

In this article, we propose a phenomenon-based approach as a suitable way of handling multiple paradigms in practice. We implement the phenomenon-based approach by means of active categorization to be differentiated into three steps – differentiation, integration, and patterning – and apply this approach to international knowledge transfer (IKT) in multinational enterprises (MNE). Via differentiation, we classify the IKT literature into six theoretical perspectives. Via integration, we identify power as the common element underlying knowledge transfer in MNEs. This leads us to conceptualize power as an influence on IKT through the paradigms and power assumptions of the Burrell-Morgan matrix and the characteristics of power proposed by Clegg. Via patterning, we draw implications for phenomenon-based multi-paradigm research, such as the dominance of regulative and functionalist power-assumptions over interpretive and critical ones and structural power lenses over rules of practice. We deduce recommendations and propose research questions for multi-paradigm research. With our conceptual frame, we enable researchers and practitioners to conceptualize power in more sophisticated ways. We contribute to multi-paradigm studies in Cross Cultural Management by exemplifying the benefits and implications of a phenomenon-based approach as a way to handle multiple paradigms in practice and propose further fields of application.

Multidevice spinal cord stimulation trials: shared decision making in the era of multiple neuromodulation paradigms.

Aim: There is a lack of evidence-based standards for matching spinal cord stimulation (SCS) paradigm to individual patients. We aim to determine the feasibility and safety of a new alternative trial strategy, a sequential multidevice trial.Materials & methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 116 patients who underwent SCS trials, single device or sequential multidevice (tonic and high-frequency), for chronic low back pain to assess feasibility and compare trial-to-implantation rate and explantation rate.Results: Multidevice SCS trials are feasible and safe. There was no statistically significant difference in the trial-to-implantation and explantation rates between the two groups.Conclusion: Multidevice SCS trial, prioritizing patient preference, may serve as an alternative trial strategy to improve long-term success of SCS.

Mitochondria transfer-based therapies reduce the morbidity and mortality of Leigh syndrome.

Mitochondria transfer is a recently described phenomenon in which donor cells deliver mitochondria to acceptor cells1-3. One possible consequence of mitochondria transfer is energetic support of neighbouring cells; for example, exogenous healthy mitochondria can rescue cell-intrinsic defects in mitochondrial metabolism in cultured ρ0 cells or Ndufs4-/- peritoneal macrophages4-7. Exposing haematopoietic stem cells to purified mitochondria before autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation allowed for treatment of anaemia in patients with large-scale mitochondrial DNA mutations8,9, and mitochondria transplantation was shown to minimize ischaemic damage to the heart10-12, brain13-15 and limbs16. However, the therapeutic potential of using mitochondria transfer-based therapies to treat inherited mitochondrial diseases is unclear. Here we demonstrate improved morbidity and mortality of the Ndufs4-/- mouse model of Leigh syndrome (LS) in multiple treatment paradigms associated with mitochondria transfer. Transplantation of bone marrow from wild-type mice, which is associated with release of haematopoietic cell-derived extracellular mitochondria into circulation and transfer of mitochondria to host cells in multiple organs, ameliorates LS in mice. Furthermore, administering isolated mitochondria from wild-type mice extends lifespan, improves neurological function and increases energy expenditure of Ndufs4-/- mice, whereas mitochondria from Ndufs4-/- mice did not improve neurological function. Finally, we demonstrate that cross-species administration of human mitochondria to Ndufs4-/- mice also improves LS. These data suggest that mitochondria transfer-related approaches can be harnessed to treat mitochondrial diseases, such as LS.

MP: A steady-state visual evoked potential dataset based on multiple paradigms

MP: A steady-state visual evoked potential dataset based on multiple paradigms

Statistical Learning Facilitates Access to Awareness

Statistical learning is a powerful mechanism that enables the rapid extraction of regularities from sensory inputs. Although numerous studies have established that statistical learning serves a wide range of cognitive functions, it remains unknown whether statistical learning impacts conscious access. To address this question, we applied multiple paradigms in a series of experiments (N = 153 adults): Two reaction-time-based breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) experiments showed that probable objects break through suppression faster than improbable objects. A preregistered accuracy-based b-CFS experiment showed higher localization accuracy for suppressed probable (versus improbable) objects under identical presentation durations, thereby excluding the possibility of processing differences emerging after conscious access (e.g., criterion shifts). Consistent with these findings, a supplemental visual-masking experiment reaffirmed higher localization sensitivity to probable objects over improbable objects. Together, these findings demonstrate that statistical learning alters the competition for scarce conscious resources, thereby potentially contributing to established effects of statistical learning on higher-level cognitive processes that require consciousness.

Borderlands: A Place of Transformation for Nursing-Where Nepantleras Thrive.

Spaces produced in healthcare settings and research institutions tend to perpetuate marginalized populations' state of social otherness. We believe nurses from borderlands are best suited to walk between dominant (striated) spaces and margins in healthcare settings. Borderlands is a liminal space where multiple identities, places, cultures, paradigms, or ways of thinking intersect. We believe nurses can navigate these spaces by becoming walkers/travelers between worlds or as nepantleras Anzaldúa's critical rhetorical analysis framework can assist borderlands nurses to create geographies of inclusion for equity-denied groups as it is within these borderlands spaces that the dominant narratives are relegated to the margins and new spaces are imagined.

Sensing physical properties for subjective meanings: Putting Emergent Consumer Perceived Value (ECPV) into the marketers’ toolbox

AbstractMarketers need to understand consumers in both theory and practice to create offerings that are valuable to them. Hence, the marketing discipline has conceptualized consumers’ subjectively perceived value in various ways, using multiple paradigms. Nevertheless, its constituents remain unclear. We argue that this is because the ontological and epistemological premises are both vague and narrow. Consequently, consumers’ value perceptions are still difficult to study or manage. With the aim of making a conceptual leap, our paper is the first to apply a critical realist (CR) approach to the phenomenon. CR’s stratified ontology and subjectivist/pluralist epistemology reconcile the positivist and interpretivist/constructionist paradigms, allowing the simultaneous existence of external socio-natural and internal subjective realities. Using these premises, we examine, from a marketer’s perspective, how consumers perceive value, which is a subjective, phenomenological, and socially constructed act embedded in the natural world. Our CR theorizing deploys Bhaskar’s (2010) RRREIC schema and includes a review of the extant subjective value conceptualizations (consumer perceived value, value-in-use, value-in-experience) and retroduction of the key mechanisms generating the phenomenon: meaning-making and sensory perception. Finally, we propose a novel conceptualization for Emergent Consumer Perceived Value formation (ECPV) as an open system. As its integral component, we introduce the concept of Sensory Value Affordance, explaining how consumers transform physical properties into subjective meanings. These conceptual tools cater especially to B2C managers and account for both the phenomenological and sociocultural as well as the corporeal and perceptual. Finally, we present broader implications for value research, the field of marketing, and society.

Dear teachers, Do you know? The era of teaching is over, only learning prevails

Traditional teacher-centered teaching causes significant difficulties for both teachers and students. In this model, the teacher is active, delivering knowledge, while the student remains passive, attempting to absorb it. This approach often results in frustration for students as they struggle to memorize the teacher's words without truly understanding the subject matters. Traditional teaching methods not only cause suffering and pain for both teachers and students, but they also stifle students' creativity. These methods promote rote memorization of the teacher's words. Therefore, it is urgent to replace traditional teaching with more effective learner centred approaches. The main objective of this study is to analyze the pain, suffering, and challenges I faced with traditional teaching methods and how these experiences prompted changes in my pedagogy. I used multiple paradigms, and autoethnography as a strategy of inquiry, which combines personal experience and writing. I selected three participants based on their availability and willingness to be interviewed: a former colleague who teaches social studies and two of my former social studies students. In this study, I present my teaching experiences at the school level in the first section and at the university level in the second section. Initially, while teaching at the school level, I adopted traditional teacher centred teaching methods. Gradually, I recognized the weaknesses in these methods. Despite this realization, my teaching approach remained teacher-centered during my time at the school level. When I began teaching at the university level, I realized the need to improve my pedagogical practices. Consequently, I adapted my pedagogical practices to meet the needs of the students. This student-centered teaching method enabled the development of the knowledge, skills, and competencies I aimed to cultivate in them.

Proximal femoral multiple myeloma pathological fractures, impending and actual fractures – a patient survival study

IntroductionThe femur is a common site for Multiple Myeloma (MM) involvement. This study explores the impact of preventive surgery for anticipated femoral pathological fractures (IFF), based on Mirels classification, versus treatment of pathological femur fracture (PFF) on MM patient mortality and morbidity.MethodsRetrospective cohort of 33 patients undergoing surgery due to femoral MM involvement (2004–2015), 18 patients with PFF, 15 patients with IFF, followed up until deceased or to July 2016. Demographic data, oncological, pathological, radiation, surgical reports, outpatient clinical records, and imaging studies were studied. Exclusion criteria included patients who had surgery at other medical centers.ResultsThe mean age was 70.4 ± 13.6 and 62.6 ± 12.2 years (p = 0.1) in the PFF and the IFF cohorts, respectively, primarily women (55.6% and 46.7%, respectively). The average Mirels' score was 10.4 ± 1.2. Post-operative complications were observed in 25% of patients, with no difference between IFF & PFF. We did not find a difference in mortality between IFF and PFF cohorts (p = 0.59).ConclusionThe femur is commonly involved in MM. This study found that actual fractures, compared to imminent fractures, do not affect MM morbidity or mortality. Our study shows that proximal femoral MM behaves differently from proximal femoral metastatic disease regarding the impact of surgery on life span. Due to the fracture healing potential of MM, an IFF can probably be treated initially conservatively unless it progresses to an actual fracture needing surgery. Future, more extensive studies are required before revolutionizing the proximal femoral Multiple Myeloma-related involvement treatment paradigm.

Paradigmatic reflections in cross-cultural management to make sense of a VUCA world

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the concept of VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) in the field of cross-cultural management.Design/methodology/approachThe related literature has been analysed from various paradigmatic lenses.FindingsAs the VUCA world concept originates from business circles, several key articles were published in non-academic journals. Two distinct groups of publications can be identified: consulting literature and academic literature on the VUCA world. While both consulting literature and academic literature about the VUCA world can be associated with functionalism, alternative research paradigms can easily accommodate new studies in connection with the VUCA world: interpretive, critical and postmodern works would fit the features of the VUCA world, along with multi-paradigm studies.Research limitations/implicationsIt is advisable to investigate emergent contemporary issues, often labelled VUCA, according to multiple paradigms and to conduct multi-paradigmatic research.Originality/valueWhile consulting literature on the VUCA world implicitly assumes functionalist paradigms, academic literature might provide alternative assumptions. Interpretative, critical and postmodern paradigms more accurately address the issues raised by VUCA.

A combined EEG motor and speech imagery paradigm with automated successive halving for customizable command selection

ABSTRACT The classification performance of endogenous electroencephalogram (EEG) brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can be improved by hybridizing the paradigm through the use of commands from multiple paradigms. Hybrid paradigms using motor imagery (MI) and speech imagery (SI) have shown promise, but there is a lack of research into: i) their effectiveness when compared to pure MI and SI for multiclass problems, and ii) automated command selection. This study investigates multiclass MI and SI hybrid paradigms and compares the results to those obtained using pure MI and SI. Performance was assessed using F1 score and accuracy. The performances of all possible hybrid paradigm designs were assessed. The analysis indicated that hybridization does not always guarantee improved performance when compared to the pure paradigms, and there is inter-subject variation in the best paradigm. This confirmed the need for automated subject-specific hybrid paradigm designs. An automated hybrid paradigm selection technique using successive halving (SH) for expedited computational times was developed and results were compared to those obtained using a standard grid search. The SH approach resulted in an improvement in F1 score of 21.09% and 36.86% compared to MI and SI and led to a reduction in computational times of 82.80% compared to grid search.

Testing biased competition between attention shifts: The new multiple cue paradigm.

While the classic Posner cuing paradigm has been used to study cuing of a single endogenous shift of attention, we present a new multiple cue paradigm to study the competition between multiple endogenous shifts of attention. The new paradigm enables us to manipulate the number of competing attention shifts and their relative importance. In three experiments, we demonstrate that the process of selecting one among other relevant attention shifts is governed by limited capacity and biased competition. We show that the probability of performing the most optimal attention shift is influenced by the total number of attention shifts competing for execution and that reward is a determining factor for the selection between attention shifts. We explain our results with a recent mathematical model of biased selection of response sets (the model of intention selection [MIS]). Our new paradigm offers a critical test of MIS and is an important new tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying the retrieval of response sets from long-term memory (LTM). The model (MIS) and the new multiple cue paradigm can provide a new perspective on LTM representations of response sets for instrumental action and on habitual and goal-directed processing in action control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

76‐5: Invited Paper: Sensor Integration into a Multifunctional µLED Display ‐ New Paradigms

With the advent of µLED displays, multiple paradigm shifts in the overall system architecture will offer new opportunities and dramatically change the requirements of display management and general sensing. This work focuses on the required system architecture of a microLED display with embedded sensing functionality.

Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pemrograman Python Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Siswa SMKN 5 Palu

Python programming is a multipurpose interpretive programming language with a design philosophy that focuses on code readability. Python is a language that combines capabilities with very clear code syntax and is equipped with the functionality of a large and comprehensive standard library. Python supports multiple programming paradigms. One of the features available in Python is that it is a dynamic programming language equipped with automatic memory management. This Community Service Activity is carried out by providing training material starting from a basic introduction to the Python programming language, basic rules for writing Python syntax, an introduction to variables and data types in Python, operators in Python, and learning structures and functions in Python. The mentoring process is also carried out to provide direct experience to students. This activity went well and received appreciation from the school, and the students hope that this activity can be continued so that students are able to apply Python programming well.

A novel deep transfer learning framework integrating general and domain-specific features for EEG-based brain–computer interface

The statistical variability of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals across individuals poses a common challenge for brain–computer interfaces (BCI). Specifically, the reuse of pre-recorded data from previous subjects presents a significant obstacle in decoding new subjects. To address these challenges, this paper introduces EEGTransferNet, an end-to-end modular transfer learning framework that enhances the similarity of statistical distributions across subjects. It utilizes convolutional neural networks as backbones for feature extraction and incorporates statistical distribution alignment and domain adaptation in different network layers to learn general features and domain-specific features respectively. The robust generalization design of EEGTransferNet enables it to handle multiple BCI paradigms using a single network making it efficient and effective. Its modular structure facilitates customization of backbone and transfer modules for diverse tasks. The optimal structure of EEGTransferNet was determined through analysis and extensive experimentation. We validated it on motor imagery (MI), error-related negativity (ERN), and rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) datasets, which exhibits competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of EEGTransferNet.

Shining a light on the road towards conducting principle-based co-production research in rehabilitation.

Moving from participatory approaches incorporating co-design to co-production in health research involves a commitment to full engagement and partnership with people with lived experience through all stages of the research process-start to finish. However, despite the increased enthusiasm and proliferation of research that involves co-production, practice remains challenging, due in part to the lack of consensus on what constitutes co-production, a lack of guidance about the practical steps of applying this approach in respect to diverse research methods from multiple paradigms, and structural barriers within academia research landscape. To navigate the challenges in conducting co-produced research, it has been recommended that attention be paid to focusing and operationalising the underpinning principles and aspirations of co-production research, to aid translation into practice. In this article, we describe some fundamental principles essential to conducting co-production research (sharing power, relational resilience, and adopting a learning mindset) and provide tangible, practical strategies, and processes to engage these values. In doing so, we hope to support rehabilitation researchers who wish to engage in co-production to foster a more equitable, ethical, and impactful collaboration with people with lived experience and those involved in their circle of care.

Teacher-student collaborated multiple instance learning for pan-cancer PDL1 expression prediction from histopathology slides

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1), as an important biomarker, is quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with few established histopathological patterns. Deep learning aids in histopathological assessment, yet heterogeneity and lacking spatially resolved annotations challenge precise analysis. Here, we present a weakly supervised learning approach using bulk RNA sequencing for PDL1 expression prediction from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides. Our method extends the multiple instance learning paradigm with the teacher-student framework, which assigns dynamic pseudo-labels for intra-slide heterogeneity and retrieves unlabeled instances using temporal ensemble model distillation. The approach, evaluated on 12,299 slides across 20 solid tumor types, achieves a weighted average area under the curve of 0.83 on fresh-frozen and 0.74 on formalin-fixed specimens for 9 tumors with PDL1 as an established biomarker. Our method predicts PDL1 expression patterns, validated by IHC on 20 slides, offering insights into histologies relevant to PDL1. This demonstrates the potential of deep learning in identifying diverse histological patterns for molecular changes from H&E images.

Community Radio and the promotion of gender equality. A case study of Nyabihoko Sub-County, Ntungamo District

One of the primary roles played by media within communities is fostering unity among people and society as a whole. Community radio serves as a crucial tool in achieving this objective. It is widely acknowledged that community media can encompass various aspects, such as shared interests, locality, and cultural identity. This study focuses on the intersection of community radio and women's empowerment, examining how community media uniquely challenges discriminatory traditions and empowers women. Drawing on multiple development paradigms and feminist theories, the research investigates the extent to which community radio stations contribute to promoting gender equality. The study employs a case study approach in Nyabihoko sub-county, Ntungamo district, Uganda. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, data was gathered from various stakeholders, including clan elders, religious leaders, local council representatives, community-based organizations, and youth, through surveys and qualitative interviews. The research revealed that community radio plays a significant role in enhancing women's empowerment, serving as a vital catalyst for positive change. The findings demonstrate that community radio support significantly contributes to bolstering women's empowerment. After analyzing the collected data, including mean and standard deviation calculations, it became evident that there exists a notable relationship between women's empowerment and gender equality. These findings shed light on the strategies and mechanisms employed by community radio to address gender disparities within the local context. They offer valuable insights for policymakers, media practitioners, and development institutions seeking to leverage the potential of community media for social transformation and empowerment. Keywords: Women empowerment, Radio, Media, Gender equality

Mizrahi Politics, Religion, and Ethnic Thinking

In recent decades two major approaches sought to explain the intersection of Mizrahi ethnicity and citizenship in Israel. Since the early 1990s, Yoav Peled’s Multiple Citizenship paradigm has become dominant in explaining the differential, hierarchical and fragmented incorporation regime. Accordingly, affiliation to Jewish religion was part of an ethno-national discourse of citizenship which confined Mizrahim (Jews emanating from Muslim countries) to be trapped between the hegemonic Ashkenazim (Jews of European descent) and the Palestinian citizens. Recently, a counter explanation was offered, based on the interpretive repertoires that shape the political behavior of Ashkenazim and Mizrahim. Contrary to the liberal presuppositions of the Multiple Citizenship paradigm, this explanation places greater emphasis on cultural rather than material factors shaping political behaviours and even broader worldviews, while identifying each ethnic group with opposing cultural repertoires. By proposing the idea of “ethnic thinking” this article focuses on the entanglements of religiosity in Mizrahi politics in two case studies – the Mizrahi Democratic Rainbow (the Keshet) and New Mizrahim. Rejecting the tendency to identify Mizrahim as predisposed to traditionalism, this article challenges both approaches that arguably fail to account for the performative aspects of Mizrahi citizenship.