Multiple Mobile Routers Research Articles

Cross-layer optimization with MIPv6-based multiple mobile routers for cognitive networks

To allow secondary and primary concurrent transmissions achieving the increment of optimal mobile network performance in heterogeneous cognitive networks, this paper proposes a cross-layer optimization framework with a distributed cooperative MIPv6-based multiple mobile routers using adaptive opportunistic route optimization entitled Mobile IPv6 Route Optimization for Cognitive radio networks (MIROC) protocol. A gripping slant of MIROC protocol is the benefit to develop mobile cognitive routers based on MIPv6. The proposed protocol is elaborated in details from angular RO and multiangular routing which can be utilized in practical network deployment. The performance in M/M/n and M/M/? Queue and evaluation of cognitive mobile Network with multiple mobile routers using stochastic process in Markov chain model are analyzed.

중첩 이동 네트워크에서 Multi-layered Perceptron을 이용한 최적의 이동 라우터 지정 방안

ABSTRACT In the nested mobile network environment, the mobile node selects one of multiple mobile routers. The MR(Mobile Router) by existing top-down or bottom-up methods may not be the optimal MR if the numbers of mobile nodes and routers are substantially increased, and the scale of the network is increased drastically. Since an inappropriate MR decision causes handover or binding renewal to mobile nodes, determining of the optimal MR is important for efficiency. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that decides on the optimal MR using MR QoS(Quality of Service) information, and we describe how to understand the various structured MLP(Multi-Layered Perceptron) based on the algorithm. In conclusion, we prove the ability of the suggested neural network for a nesting mobile network through the performance analysis of each learned MLP. 키워드 : 중첩 이동 네트워크, 이동 라우터, 다층 퍼셉트론, 네트워크 이동성 Key word : Nested Mobile Networks, Mobile Router, Multi-layered Perceptron, Network Mobility Journal of the Korea Institute of Information andCommunication Engineering

Route optimization in mobile IPv6 NEMO

Network Mobility NEMO gives us network communication when whole network is on the move. The need for mobile networks is addressed by NEMO Basic Support Protocol BSP proposed by IETF. Although, the proposed protocol gives us network mobility but there are some disadvantages in using NEMO BSP. These disadvantages include inefficiency in routing the data packets, delay and high latency rate. The latest research in NEMO is mainly focuses on providing solution for efficient routing of data packets. In general scenario of mobile network; a hierarchy is formed with the multiple mobile routers with their mobile nodes which are joined together in hierarchical way with a top level mobile router. The nesting of mobile network increases when new mobile routers join it. The inefficient routing becomes more vital if the nesting of mobile network is high. One feature of NEMO BSP is that the mobile network maintains location privacy for the mobile network nodes. Recent research for optimizing the route tries to solve the issue with a compromise made to location privacy of mobile network nodes. In this paper ROMIN Route Optimization in Mobile IPv6 NEMO we proposed a solution to solve inefficiency of routing with location privacy. The proposed solution is simulated in NS2 and achieves better throughput and less end to end delay as compared to NEMO BSP.

Multihoming in IPv6 mobile networks: progress, challenges, and solutions

In this article we present how all the benefits of multihoming could be obtained in a mobile IPv6 network with multiple mobile routers. Along with the motivations and problems that arise in such a situation, we define a set of requirements that potential solutions should consider. After a brief overview of the current state of the art, we present a new protocol that brings all of the envisioned benefits of multihoming while remaining fully transparent to the end-nodes located in the mobile network.

A seamless handover scheme for vehicles across heterogeneous networks

Next generation heterogeneous networks require an effective handover scheme, optimised specially to support network mobility. The paper proposes an architecture to support seamless mobility of mobile networks across heterogeneous networks. We consider the vehicular scenario where a vehicle is provided with mobility through different internet service providers (ISPs) and propose to use multiple mobile routers-based handover scheme in vehicles. The multiple mobile routers architecture is extended to include multiple home agents (HAs) where each HA belongs to different administrative domains. We carry out comparative performance evaluation of the handover performance of the proposed scheme in regard to UDP and TCP throughput, service disruption time, and signalling overhead. Moreover, we analyse the impact of vehicle speed and overlapping distance of access routers on packet loss during handover period. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides a mobile network with seamless mobility across heterogeneous networks. The overlapped reception of packets from different access routers significantly minimises packet losses during handover even without reducing handover latency.

NEMO-based Path Aggregation System Using Mobile Routers on Multiple Vehicles

This paper describes the implementation and the evaluation of a link aggregation system using Network Mobility (NEMO). The link aggregation system, called NEMO SHAKE, constructs a temporal network (called an alliance) between multiple mobile routers (MRs) carried by vehicles and aggregates external links between multiple MRs and the Internet to provide a fast and reliable transmission with mobile devices in vehicles carrying MRs. We also designed a system for controlling alliances. By estimating the distance and the link condition between MRs, it can achieve a high throughput and the stability of the aggregated paths between vehicles and the Internet. We evaluated the usefulness of NEMO SHAKE and its alliance-control mechanism in real vehicular networks. We confirmed that the alliance-control mechanism can achieve a high throughput by changing the member of the alliance dynamically.

A fast handover scheme based on multiple mobile router cooperation for a train-based mobile network

True broadband access for high-speed train passengers has become a new trend in the world. To support the newly emerged mobile applications effectively, the mobile network's handover latency and packet losses during handover need to be as small as possible. To address this issue, a fast handover scheme based on multiple mobile router cooperation for mobile networks is proposed in this paper. Its basic idea is to take advantage of the features of the fixed line and routing information in the railway passenger transportation system in order to configure the mobile router's next care-of-address (CoA) in advance, thus reducing the new CoA configuration time. Moreover, two or more mobile routers spatially separated by a certain distance are configured on the railway train that enables different mobile routers to access different subnets during handover and cooperatively receive packets from each other. The overlapped reception of packets from deferent subnets makes the packet loss independent of the handover latency, and reduces packet losses during handover. The mathematical analysis and simulation experiments are presented to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Load sharing and session preservation with multiple mobile routers for large scale mobile networks

By means of NEtwork MObility (NEMO) support, users can organise their various communication devices into a subnet called mobile network. The Mobile Router (MR) provides the connectivity to the internet and mobility management transparency for the rest of the mobile nodes in the mobile network. So, the MR must assure reliable communications and a high data rate for the group of nodes behind it. In support of broadband wireless communications, the use of multiple MRs would allow the transfer of large volumes of data to a group of mobile nodes. This paper addresses the protocol issues arising from the use of multiple MRs, and analyses the influence of mobility patterns on load sharing and session preservation. Then, two mobility-aware selection schemes are proposed, which select a MR. Firstly, the best-connected MR selection scheme is designed for regular mobility and is based on the fact that the most recently updated binding remains effective for the longest period of time. It preserves the connection from the mobile network to the internet whether the accessible area is continuous or not, and this even in a fast handoff environment. Secondly, the most-beneficial MR selection scheme is designed for random mobility. The simulation results show that the performance varies depending on the hardware configuration. Based on these results, it was found that application-awareness is critical to achieve good performance.

A Transparent Failover Mechanism for a Mobile Network with Multiple Mobile Routers

In a mobile network that is multihomed by multiple mobile routers, a mobile router that loses link connectivity can be replaced by the other mobile routers. We propose a transparent failover mechanism (TFM) to provide seamless Internet services to nodes in the mobile network, which is validated by implementing a real test-bed. Compared to the network mobility basic support protocol, TFM does not require the nodes attached to the failed mobile router to change their addresses, and hence has two advantages: (a) IP connectivity is maintained transparently, and (b) failover is quickly accomplished by avoiding the address re-configuration process in each node.

Route Optimization Using Tree Information Option for Nested Mobile Networks

Mobile IP is the basic solution to provide host mobility, whereas network mobility refers to the concept of collective mobility of a set of nodes. In the simplest scenario, a mobile network moves as a single unit with one mobile router (MR) that connects it to the global Internet. Also, multiple mobile networks can be nested in a hierarchical form, e.g., a wireless personal area network (PAN) in a vehicular network. In a nested mobile network, multiple MRs form a tree hierarchy in which the root MR is called the top-level mobile router (TLMR). Nested mobile networks exhibit the pinball routing problem, which becomes worse in proportion to the number of nested levels in the hierarchy. To solve this problem, we propose a routing optimization scheme using a tree information option (ROTIO) that extends the NEMO basic support protocol. In the ROTIO scheme, each MR in the nested mobile network sends two binding updates (BUs): one to its home agent and the other to the TLMR. The former BU contains the TLMR's home address, while the latter contains routing information between the issuing MR and the TLMR. This alleviates the pinball routing problem significantly. Now, a packet from a correspondent node only needs to visit two transit nodes (the home agents of the MR and the TLMR), regardless of the degree of nesting. Moreover, the ROTIO scheme provides location privacy and mobility transparency. We also extend ROTIO to perform routing between two mobile network nodes inside the same nested mobile network more efficiently and to substantially reduce the disruption when a mobile network hands off.

Mobility-Aware Mobile Router Selection and Address Management for IPv6 Network Mobility

Network mobility (NEMO) extends IP mobility to moving networks, which are groups of nodes that often constitute a subnet of a mobile router (MR). To realize this collective mobility, there are a number of important issues such as addressing and multihoming. With the proliferation of mobile nodes connected to the Internet, the efficient allocation/deallocation of addresses is becoming a vital requirement. We propose a collaborative address management scheme for network mobility, where the home DHCPv6 agent of a mobile network performs prefix delegation, while the mobile DHCPv6 agent (in the mobile network) allocates the IPv6 address to each mobile node. Also, network mobility with multiple MRs is taken into consideration. To provide a mobile network that has multiple MRs with robust Internet connectivity, we propose mobility-aware mobile router selection schemes. The concept of "mobility awareness" refers to the capability of a moving network in a vehicle (e.g., a train) to pinpoint the most stable Internet connectivity, by choosing the mobile router based on the vehicle's movement pattern. The simulation shows that the proposed scheme outperforms a round-robin mobile router selection scheme in terms of the amount of carried traffic.