Multiple Liner Regression Research Articles

간호대학생의 비판적 사고성향과 간호전문직관이 의료정보보호 인식도에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study was to investigate the influence of critical thinking disposition and nursing professionalism on health information protection awareness by nursing students with clinical practice experience. Methods Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 124 3rd and 4th graders with clinical practice experience enrolled in nursing departments at two universities located in Chungbuk and Jeonnam. For the collected data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple liner regression analysis were used using SPSS/WIN 25.0 statistical program. Results Critical thinking disposition had a statistically significant positive correlation with nursing professionalism (r=.607, p<.001) and health information protection awareness (r=.455, p<.001). Nursing professionalism also had a statistically significant positive correlation with health information protection awareness (r=.387, p<.001). As a result of multiple regression analysis, the factors significantly influencing the health information protection awareness were critical thinking disposition (β=.35, p<.001) and nursing professionalism (β=.18, p=.003), with a total explanatory power of 21.3% was. Conclusions The development and application of educational programs that can improve nursing students' critical thinking disposition and nursing professionalism, and various curricula should be operated.

간호대학생의 비판적 사고성향과 간호전문직관이 의료정보보호 인식도에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study was to investigate the influence of critical thinking disposition and nursing professionalism on health information protection awareness by nursing students with clinical practice experience. Methods Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 124 3rd and 4th graders with clinical practice experience enrolled in nursing departments at two universities located in Chungbuk and Jeonnam. For the collected data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple liner regression analysis were used using SPSS/WIN 25.0 statistical program. Results Critical thinking disposition had a statistically significant positive correlation with nursing professionalism (r=.607, p<.001) and health information protection awareness (r=.455, p<.001). Nursing professionalism also had a statistically significant positive correlation with health information protection awareness (r=.387, p<.001). As a result of multiple regression analysis, the factors significantly influencing the health information protection awareness were critical thinking disposition (β=.35, p<.001) and nursing professionalism (β=.18, p=.003), with a total explanatory power of 21.3% was. Conclusions The development and application of educational programs that can improve nursing students' critical thinking disposition and nursing professionalism, and various curricula should be operated.

Association Between Positive Mental Character and Humanistic Care Ability in Chinese Nursing Students in Changsha, China.

AimTo investigate the status of positive mental characters and humanistic care ability among Chinese nursing students, and confirm the association between positive mental characters and humanistic care ability.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted. Nine hundred eighty-one Chinese nursing students were recruited from hospitals and community healthcare services in Changsha, Hunan, China. Three different self-reported questionnaires were applied: The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Humanistic care ability of Nursing Undergraduates Assessment Scale and Positive Mental Characters Scale for Chinese College Students. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple liner regression analysis were performed to analyze the association between positive mental character and humanistic care ability for Chinese nursing students.ResultsThe mean scores of nursing students' humanistic care ability and positive mental character were 125.94 ± 21.19, 233.18 ± 38.59, respectively. The Pearson correlation results showed that positive mental character (r = 0.655, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with humanistic care ability. Multiple liner regression analysis indicated that positive mental characters, four dimensions of courage, humanity, justice and transcendence in positive mental character, care from classmates were found to be independent predictors of humanistic care ability.ConclusionPositive mental characters are important considerations in the development, implementation and evaluation of humanistic care ability interventions.

Could thymoglobulin increase hemorrhagic risk in the perioperative transplantation period of sensitized kidney recipients?

ObjectiveIt has been described that thymoglobulin could increase the risk of infections and malignancies, in comparison to basiliximab. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are also more common within the first days after transplantation among thymoglobulin patients. Our objective was to analyze bleeding complications in this subset of patients. Material and methodsBleeding complications were evaluated among 515 renal transplants carried out at our institution between 2012 and 2018. We compared patients treated with thymoglobulin (Group 1, N=91) with those treated with basiliximab (Group 2, N=424). ResultsWe found differences in platelet decrease: 95,142.2 (55,339.6) in Group 1 and 52,364.3 (69,116.6) in Group 2 (P=0.001), number of patients with severe thrombocytopenia (<75,000/mm3) (20.8% vs. 3.7%, P=0.001), number of blood units transfused (3.25 (0.572) vs. 2.2 (0.191, P=0.028) and percentage of patients that required surgery due to bleeding (18.2% vs. 7.7%, P=0.046). In a multiple lineal regression multivariable analysis (dependent variable was number of blood units transfused), only age [OR 0.037, 95% CI (0.003–0.070)] and type of immunosuppression [OR 1.592, 95% CI (1.38–2.84)] showed statistical significance. ConclusionsThe use of thymoglobulin in the perioperative transplantation period could increase bleeding complications. In our series, in the group of patients with thymoglobulin, severe thrombocytopenia was 6 times more frequent, and active bleeding that required surgery was also 2.5 times more frequent. One way to continue with the use of this immunosuppression agent, might be to adjust the dose instead of discontinuing it. The use of thymoglobulin should be a factor to consider in the postoperative period of these patients.

The Influence of Influencers, Digital Marketing, and Discounts on Purchase Decisions at Sidoarjo Dimsum Shops

This study aims to detect the influence of influencers, digital marketing, and price discounts on purchasing decisions at Kedai Dimsum Sidoarjo partially or simultaneously. This type of research is a descriptive quantitative research type. This research was conducted at Kedai Dimsum Sidoarjo, which is located on Jalan Sumorame Candi, Sidoarjo Regency. The population in this research are buyers at "Kedai Dimsum Sidoarjo" who have a number that is not recorded with certainty. In taking samples using purposive sampling technique. The number of samples in this research was determined by the Rao formula, which obtained 100 samples. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. In collecting data using a questionnaire method in the form of Google Form. Data were analyzed by multiple liner regression analysis. This study concludes that influencers, digital marketing, and price discounts individually and simultaneously significantly influence purchasing decisions.

Comparisons of sequential water balances between 1920-2018 in the municipality of Serra Talhada and São Bento do Una – Pe, Brazil

A sequential water balance was performed using the Thorn Thwaite and Mather method in order to verify the contribution of water storage and damming in the municipality of São Bento do Una in relation to the water crisis. The monthly average climatological precipitation data were grouped into 95 years, characterizing a period of climatological normal, where the software was used in electronic spreadsheets to extract the values ​​of the monthly, annual averages of precipitation for the period from 1920 to 2018. Were estimated by the multiple regression line methods applied to the T-estima software, taking into account the geographic coordinates. Climatic impacts have caused changes in the region's water balance in the last decade. Environmental degradation, the local effect of human action, has by itself accelerated the process of modifying the regional climate, thus directly affecting the conditions of the rainfall regime and the availability of water in the soil. It is extremely necessary to use rainwater harvesting and other storage sources for human, animal and plant survival, thus contributing to the agricultural and poultry sector in the region. Climatic impacts may cause changes in the region's water balance, as heavy and short-lived rains are expected, leading to a drop in poultry and agricultural production.

Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students in the first wave: A cross-sectional survey.

AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological impact on nursing students at the end of period of confinement during the first wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain.DesignA cross‐sectional study reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.MethodsNursing students were invited to complete an online questionnaire at the end of the 2019–2020 academic year using convenience sampling. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic factors, work, and life experiences in relation to COVID‐19, habits and lifestyle using the World Health Organization Five Well‐Being Index (WHO‐5) and the Generalized Anxiety disorder‐7 scale. Variables related to anxiety were analysed using multiple lineal regression analysis,ResultsThe prevalence of low psychological well‐being in the 203 students was 44.3% and of anxiety 55.7%. In the multivariate analysis the variables associated with anxiety were having worked in the pandemic, having had symptoms of COVID‐19 and having been afraid of getting infected.ConclusionsThe levels of anxiety due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in nursing students have been high, and levels of psychological well‐being have been low. The fact of having worked during the pandemic, having had symptoms compatible with COVID‐19 or being afraid of getting infected are associated with the highest scores for anxiety.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study gives more evidence on the psychological impact on nursing students during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain. This can be used to design anxiety management programmes for inclusion into teaching syllabuses. It also gives arguments for the setting up of psychological and emotional support services for these students and other healthcare professionals working during the pandemic.

Inducción con timoglobulina: ¿incrementa el riesgo hemorrágico en receptores renales sensibilizados?

ObjectiveIt has been described that thymoglobulin could increase the risk of infections and malignancies, in comparison to basiliximab. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are also more common within the first days after transplantation among thymoglobulin patients. Our objective was to analyze bleeding complications in this subset of patients. Material and methodsBleeding complications were evaluated among 515 renal transplants carried out at our institution between 2012 and 2018. We compared patients treated with thymoglobulin (Group 1, N=91) with those treated with basiliximab (Group 2, N=424). ResultsWe found differences in platelet decrease:95142.2 (55,339.6) in Group 1 and 52,364.3 (69,116.6) in Group 2 (P=.001), number of patients with severe thrombocytopenia (<75,000/mm3) (20.8% vs. 3.7%, P=.001), number of blood units transfused (3.25 (0.572) vs. 2.2 (0.191, P=.028) and percentage of patients that required surgery due to bleeding (18.2% vs. 7.7%, P=.046). In a multiple lineal regression multivariable analysis (dependent variable was number of blood units transfused), only age [OR 0.037, 95% CI (0.003-0.070)] and type of immunosuppression [OR 1.592, 95% CI (1.38-2.84)] showed statistical significance. ConclusionsThe use of thymoglobulin in the perioperative transplantation period could increase bleeding complications. In our series, in the group of patients with thymoglobulin, severe thrombocytopenia was 6 times more frequent, and active bleeding that required surgery was also 2.5 times more frequent. One way to continue with the use of this immunosuppression agent, might be to adjust the dose instead of discontinuing it. The use of thymoglobulin should be a factor to consider in the postoperative period of these patients.

PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN TERHADAP MINAT BERKUNJUNG PADA DUNGUS FOREST PARK DI MADIUN

This purpose of this reserch was to determine: (1) The effect of the product on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. (2) The influence of place on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. (3) The effect of price on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. (4) The effect of promotion on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. (5) The effect of product, place, price, and promotion on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. The method in this study uses quantitative methods. The data collection method uses questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis, data instrument test, classical assumption test, multiple regression line analysis, and multiple determinant coefficient (R2).&#x0D; The results showed that: (1) There was a significant effect of the product on interest in visiting the Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. (2) There is a significant influence of place on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. (3) There is a significant effect of price on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. (4) There is a significant effect of promotion on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun. (5) There is a significant effect of product, place, price, and promotion on interest in visiting Dungus Forest Park in Madiun.

Analysis of the Influence of Product Quality, Promotion, and Brand Image on the Purchase Decision of Honda Brand Motorcycles

The development of the motorcycle business, especially in the country, has recently experienced a fairly high increase. Business competition in this field is automatically getting tougher. Purchasing decisions are an important element in maintaining and growing the company. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of product quality, promotion and brand image on purchasing decisions for Honda motorcycles in regular class students, either partially or simultaneously. The method used is the analysis of validity and reliability, multiple linear regression equation, correlation, and hypothesis testing (t test and F test) and the coefficient of determination. The study population is classified into a limited population (finite), for a known amount of certainty, a population of about 500 respondents / students. Using the Slovin formula, a sample of 83 respondents was obtained. By using the computer assistance program SPSS for Windows 22.00, the equation of the multiple linear regression line is obtained as follows: Purchase Decision (Y) = 0.258 + 0.255 Product Quality + 0.238 Promotion + 0.598 Brand Image. The relationship between product quality and purchasing decisions is 0.586 quite strong and unidirectional, the relationship between promotions and purchasing decisions is 0.497 strong and unidirectional, and the relationship between brand image and purchasing decisions is 0.597, strong and unidirectional. From the results of the research, the coefficient of determination shows that product quality, promotion and brand image combined on the purchase decision of Honda brand motorcycles is 51.9% while the remaining 48.1% (100% - 51.9%) is influenced by other factors originating from outside this regression model. For example the perception of price, service quality, place or location and others.

Detection of response shift in health-related quality of life studies: a systematic review

BackgroundResponse Shift (RS) refers to the idea that an individual may undergo changes in its health-related quality of life (HRQOL). If internal standard, values, or reconceptualization of HRQOL change over time, then answer to the same items by the same individuals may not be comparable over time. Traditional measures to evaluate RS is prone to bias and strong methodologies to study the existence of this phenomenon is required. The objective is to systematically identify, analyze, and synthesize the existing and recent evidence of statistical methods used for RS detection in HRQOL studies.MethodsThe analysis of selected studies between January 2010 and July 2020 was performed through a systematic review in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Google Scholar databases. The search strategy used the terms “Health-Related Quality of Life” and “Response Shift” using the filters “Humans”, “Journal Article”, “English” and “2010/01/01–2020/07/31”. The search was made in August 2020.ResultsAfter considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, from the total selected articles (675), 107 (15.9%) of the publications were included in the analysis. From these, 79 (71.0%) detected the existence of RS and 86 (80.4%) only used one detection method. The most used methods were Then Test (n = 41) and Oort’s Structural Equation Models (SEM) (n = 35). Other method used were Multiple Lineal Regression (n = 7), Mixed-Effect Regression (n = 6), Latent Trajectory Analysis (n = 6), Item Response Theory (n = 6), Logistics Regression (n = 5), Regression and Classification Trees (n = 4) and Relative Importance Method (n = 4). Most of these detected recalibration, including Then Test (n = 27), followed by Oort’s SEM that detected the higher combination of RS types: recalibration (n = 24), reprioritization (n = 13) and reconceptualization (n = 7).ConclusionsThere is a continuous interest of studying RS detection. Oort’s SEM becomes the most versatile method in its capability for detecting RS in all different types. Despite results from previous systematic reviews, same methods have been used during the last years. We observed the need to explore other alternative methods allowing same detection capacity with robust and highly precise methodology. The investigation on RS detection and types requires more study, therefore new opportunity grows to continue attending this phenomenon through a multidisciplinary perspective.

Determination of Rice Prices to the Welfare of Petani in West Sumatra Province

The study aims to analyze the influence of rice production, crop dry grain prices (GKP), rice consumption, per capita income and the number of people moderated by rice prices that impact on farmers' well-being. This research method uses a quantitative approach with panel data. The study was conducted in West Sumatra Province in 19 districts / cities with secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Sumatra Province in 2013 - 2019. Data analysis uses multiple line regression with panel data.

The Effect of the Use of Information Technology, Internal Control Systems, and Human Resource Competence on The Accountability of Village Fund Management in Bungaraya District

This study aims to examine the influence of Information Technology Utilization, Internal Control System and Human Resource Competence on Village Fund Management Accountability in Bungaraya District. The population in this study was all village offices in Kecamtan Bungaraya, namely there were 10 villages and the number of samples used was 10 villages with 40 respondents. The sample return technique uses census techniques. This research is a quantitative research using survey methods. Data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistics, descriptive tests, data validity tests, classical assumption tests, multiple liner regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the use of information technology, internal control systems, and human resource competencies had a positive and significant effect on the accountability of village fund management. It is known that the value of R-Square is 0.810. This value means that the magnitude of the influence of the use of information technology, internal control systems and human resource competence on the accountability of village fund management in Bungaraya District is 81% while the remaining 19% is known to other variables that were not studied in this study.

Pengaruh Penerapan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan (Diklat) Online serta Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Penunjang Medis

Hospital nowadays is demanded to be able to give a good, qualified, and as standard service to the society such as medical supporting service, training and education program application and working motivation which is one of the factors that can improve the performance of medical supporting employee in the hospital because the optimal performance of medical supporting employee is needed by the hospital a lot. This research aims to know about the effect of online training and education program application and also working motivation to performance of medical supporting employee in BaliMed hospital Denpasar. This research used quantitative approach. The sample taking technique in this research used proportional random sampling. The instrument of this research used questionnaire, the data analysis test that was used to solve the problem in this research was multiple line regression test. Based on the data analysis result, it is obtained that online training and education program application and working motivation have significant positive effect to the performance of medical supporting employee with the tcount of online training and education program application 4,568 and working motivation with the tcount 4,416 and also determination data 0,571 or 57,1% and the significance score 0,000 with α = 5 % (0,000 &lt; 0,05), so the variable of training and education program and working motivation have significant and positive effect to the performance of medical supporting employees in BaliMed hospital Denpasar.

Analsis Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Umur Listing, dan Ukuran Kap Terhadap Audit Report Lag (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2018)

This study aims to exemine the effect of profitability, leverage, listing age, size of the public accounting firm on audit report lag in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. The Research sample used was 195 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. The sampling method uses purposive sampling method. The data used is secondary data. The analysis used in this study is multiple liner regression analysis processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21 program. The result showed that leverage and size of the public accounting firm variables affect the audit report lag while the variable profitability and listing age do not influence the audit report lag.

Prediction of total hospital expenses of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery in Shanghai, China by comparing three models

BackgroundBreast cancer imposes a considerable burden on both the health care system and society, and becomes increasingly severe among women in China. To reduce the economic burden of this disease is crucial for patients undergoing the breast cancer surgery, hospital managers, and medical insurance providers. However, few studies have evidenced the prediction of the total hospital expenses (THE) for breast cancer surgery. The aim of the study is to predict THE for breast cancer surgery and identify the main influencing factors.MethodsData were retrieved from the first page of medical records of 3699 patients undergoing breast cancer surgery in one tertiary hospital from 2017 to 2018. Multiple liner regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and classification and regression tree (CART) were constructed and compared.ResultsThe dataset from 3699 patients were randomly divided into training and test sets at a 70:30 ratio (2599 and 1100 records, respectively). The average total hospital expenses were 12520.54 ± 7844.88 ¥ (US$ 1929.20 ± 1208.11). MLR results revealed six factors to be significantly associated with THE: age, LOS, type of disease, having medical insurance, minimally invasive surgery, and receiving general anesthesia. After comparing three models, ANNs was the best model to predict THEs in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery, and its strong predictive performance was also validated.ConclusionsTo reduce the THEs, more attention should be paid to related factors of LOS, major and minimally invasive surgeries, and general anesthesia for these patient groups undergoing breast cancer surgery. This may reduce the information asymmetry between doctors and patients and provide more reliable cost, practical inpatient medical consumption standards and reimbursement standards reference for patients, hospital managers, and medical insurance providers ,respectively.

PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2015 – 2018

The influence of Dividend Policy and Company’s Size on The Value of the Company of Manufacturing Companies in consumer goods industri Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018. This research aims to examine The influence of Dividend Policy and Company’s Size on The Value of The Company of Manufacturing Companies in consumer goods industri Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018. The research was conducted in consumer goods industry sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the 2015-2018 period. The sampling method used was purposive sampling method, the sample used was 14 companies. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics, classic assumption test, normally test, multicolonierity test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple liner regression model and hypothesis testing using SPSS 22 for windows. The result showed that Dividend Policy and Company’s Size has simultaneously affect The Value of The Company. In Parsial, The Dividend Policy has a positive and significant effect on The Value of The Company.Meanwhile, the Company Size has a negative but unsignificant effect on The Value of The Company The influence of Dividend Policy and Company’s Size on The Value of the Company of Manufacturing Companies in consumer goods industri Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018. This research aims to examine The influence of Dividend Policy and Company’s Size on The Value of The Company of Manufacturing Companies in consumer goods industri Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018. The research was conducted in consumer goods industry sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the 2015-2018 period. The sampling method used was purposive sampling method, the sample used was 14 companies. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics, classic assumption test, normally test, multicolonierity test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple liner regression model and hypothesis testing using SPSS 22 for windows. The result showed that Dividend Policy and Company’s Size has simultaneously affect The Value of The Company. In Parsial, The Dividend Policy has a positive and significant effect on The Value of The Company.Meanwhile, the Company Size has a negative but unsignificant effect on The Value of The Company The influence of Dividend Policy and Company’s Size on The Value of the Company of Manufacturing Companies in consumer goods industri Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018. This research aims to examine The influence of Dividend Policy and Company’s Size on The Value of The Company of Manufacturing Companies in consumer goods industri Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018. The research was conducted in consumer goods industry sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the 2015-2018 period. The sampling method used was purposive sampling method, the sample used was 14 companies. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics, classic assumption test, normally test, multicolonierity test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple liner regression model and hypothesis testing using SPSS 22 for windows. The result showed that Dividend Policy and Company’s Size has simultaneously affect The Value of The Company. In Parsial, The Dividend Policy has a positive and significant effect on The Value of The Company.Meanwhile, the Company Size has a negative but unsignificant effect on The Value of The Company

Analysis of The Effectiveness of Information Communication Technology and The Service Marketing Mix to Customer Loyalty Indihome

Customer loyalty is a very important thing for one business. Maintaining it becomes a priority for long-term gain. There are many things every company can do in order to retain its customers. Providing information communication technology that suits the customer's wishes and executing the right service marketing mix strategy can be done to retain customers. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of information communication technology and the service marketing mix on customer loyalty. The population of this study is Telkomsel customers who use indihome devices for more than two years in Medan. Data collection techniques using online questioners are tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis techniques use multiple liner regression, classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests. The results showed that partially information communication technology has a significant effect on customer loyalty, partially the service marketing mix has a significant effect on customer loyalty and simultaneously information communication technology and service marketing mix has a significant effect on indihome customer loyalty.

The Impact of Debt Capacity on Firm’s Growth: (A Case Study of Selected Firms from Pharmaceutical Industry in Pakistan)

The ultimate goal of all activities within organizations is to achieve higher growth and finding new sources for mounting firm capital. This study aims to investigate debt capacity as the source of firm capital and its impact on firm’s growth. The objectives of this research to shows the relationship between market to book ratio and debt to asset ratio. Multiple liner regression is used between Growth and book leverage. By selected pharmaceutical sector that has been listed at Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan. In this research 8 companies are selected that are listed at Karachi Stock Exchange during the period of 2005-2014. In this paper secondary data is used. The result reveals a significant positive relationship between the debt to asset ratio and market to book ratio and debt to asset ratio. It displays that there is no negative effect of debt capacity on firm’s growth.

Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Dengan Komitmen Organisasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This research intention to determine the effect of budget participation on managerial performance with organizational commitment and work motivation as moderating variables. The sample of this study were employees at managerial level (top and bottom). Researchers distributed 100 questionnaires spread to several manufacturing companies. Of the 100 questionnaires, 56 questionnaires were collected and 45 questionnaires were processed. The data collected were processed using the Multiple Liner Regression Correlation Test and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Before testing the hypothesis, the researcher tested the validity, reliability, and classical assumption. The results showed that budget participation has a positive effect on managerial performance, even so when budget participation has a positive effect on managerial performance when moderated by organizational commitment and work motivation