Introduction. This study focuses on the premises of teaching a foreign language (FL) within the framework of Neuropedagogy – an interdisciplinary field that integrates cognitive science, psychology and pedagogy, and combines scholarly achievements of modern neurosciences. The purpose of this article is to expose the theoretical assumptions on Neuropedagogy and elucidate how they can be applied in the FL classroom in order to enhance sought-for learning outcomes. Results. Due to the new data in the neuropedagogical domain, it is possible to identify cognitive profiles of students, which can significantly conduce to their FL acquisition. Specifically, Neuropedagogy addresses such issues as hemispheric lateralization and brain compatible learning; attention, memory, and learning; emotion, stress, and motivation; multisensory perception and sensory preferences; learning, cognitive and epistemic styles; personality types of students; their prominent multiple intelligences etc. Withal, a special emphasis in the article is placed on the brain waves. In particular, it is reported that the alpha-theta wave is most conducive to FL learning. This state can be achieved through the exposure to Baroque music, as it lulls learners into a relaxed psychological condition, whereas their mind is alert. Furthermore, since every learner acquires, processes and assimilates the incoming information in their own way, different types of students are characterized in terms of their learning and epistemic styles. They are compatible with the VARK sensory model and meant to assist instructors in developing effective strategies of teaching. The idea is also introduced to correlate Neuropedagogy with intensive learning, which is targeted at inducing in students a psychologically relaxed yet mentally alert state conducive to foreign language acquisition. Conclusion. Neuropedagogy offers an updated vista of FL acquisition grounded on neurobiological evidence. Its import is to ensure quality education based on knowledge about the structure and functions of the human brain, benefits of multisensory and multimodal perception, types of multiple intelligences, differences in brain hemisphere functions, styles of perceiving and processing the input, advantageous conditions for memorization, responses to stress and pressure, etc.