Multiple-input DC-DC Converter Research Articles

Energy Management For Renewable Hybrid System Based On Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

Abstract: It has become necessary in recent years to use renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy, to meet the load demand. Because of their endless existence and environmentally friendly nature, they are useful for power generation. The management of energy in hybrid wind-solar power sources is the topic of this article. Using a common current source interface multiple-input DC-DC converter, the photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbine, and battery storage are all connected. The power control between intermittent renewable energy generation, energy storage, and the grid is maintained by the artificial neural network (ANN) controller. For wind turbines to produce the most electricity, variable speed control can be used. For solar systems, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used. By keeping the common DC voltage constant, the grid interface inverter sends the energy drawn from the PV array and wind turbine into the grid. Using MATLAB Simulink, the complete control strategy is subjected to a simulation study. The results of the simulation show the photovoltaic/wind hybrid system's dynamic behavior and control effectiveness

Novel Multisource DC-DC Converter for All-Electric Hybrid Energy Systems

In this article, a novel nonisolated multiple input dc-dc converter (MIC) is proposed for all-electric hybrid energy storage systems. The proposed MIC is capable of bidirectional operation in noninverting buck–boost configuration and can accommodate the simultaneous energy transfer from multiple sources of different voltage levels to the dc bus. As compared to counterparts, the proposed MIC utilizes a smaller number of inductors and requires only one bidirectional switch to integrate any extra energy storage. Within the framework, a novel voltage transformation, operation modes, and control method are presented in detail. The performance and key features of operation with varying voltage levels and duty cycles of the proposed MIC are numerically verified through a high-fidelity hardware-in-the-loop platform and experimentally validated on an in-house test rig.

Modeling and Control of Grid-Connected Solar-Wind Hybrid Micro-Grid System with Multiple-Input Ćuk DC-DC Converter for Household & High Power Applications

There is a continuous global need for more energy, which must be cleaner than energy produced from the conventional generation technologies. As such, this need has necessitated the increasing penetration of distributed generation technologies and primarily on renewable energy sources. This paper presents a dynamic modeling and control strategy for a sustainable micro-grid, principally powered by multiple renewable energy sources (solar energy, wind energy and Fuel cell), micro sources (such as diesel generator, micro-gas turbine etc.) and energy storage scheme. More importantly, a current-source-interface, multiple-input dc-dc converter is utilized to coordinate the sustainable power sources to the main dc bus. Thus, for tracking maximum power available in solar energy, maximum power point tracking algorithm is applied. The proposed system is designed to meet load demand, manage power flow from various sources, inject excess power into the grid, and charge the battery from the grid as needed. More so, the proposed converter architecture has reduced number of power conversion stages with less component count, and reduced losses compared to existing grid-connected hybrid systems. This improves the efficiency and reliability of the system. The utilization of energy storage is essential owing to the intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources and the consequent peak power shift between the sources and the load. Following this further, a supervisory control system is designed to handle various changes in power supply and power demand by managing power intermittency, power peak shaving, and long-term energy storage. The entire hybrid system is described given along with comprehensive simulation results that reveal the feasibility of the whole scheme. The system model is designed and simulated in MATLAB SimPowerSystem in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

A multiple input DC-DC converter for solar PV application with high boosting capability

A Multiple-Input Boost Converter (MIBC) with high boosting ability is suggested in this article. This converter can be utilized for solar photovoltaic applications. The converter is capable of driving continuous current from the sources. The converter's steady-state analysis is presented. The Maximum Power Point (MPP) tracking algorithm is applied for the absorption of peak power produced from the solar panels individually and simultaneously. The suggested converter can attain the voltage gain up to 20 times with maintaining continuity in the input current. The proposed MIBC's open-loop steady-state operation is validated in a simulation environment.

Design of Fast Charging Station with Energy Management for eBuses

The popularity of the eBus has been increasing rapidly in recent years due to its low greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and its low dependence on fossil fuels. This incremental use of the eBus increases the burden to the power grid for its charging. Charging eBus requires a high amount of power for a feasible amount of time. Therefore, developing a fast-charging station (FCS) integrated with Micro Energy Grid (MEG) and hybrid energy storage is crucial for charging eBuses. This paper presents a design of FCS for eBus that integrates MEG with hybrid energy storage with the energy management system. To reduce the dependency on the main utility grid, a hybrid micro energy grid based on a renewable source (i.e., PV) have been included. In addition, hybrid energy storage of batteries and flywheels has also been developed to mitigate the power demand of the fast-charging station during peak time. Furthermore, a multiple-input DC-DC converter has been developed for managing the DC power transfer between the common DC bus and the multiple energy sources. Finally, an energy management system and the controller has been designed to achieve an extensive performance from the fast charging station. MATLAB Simulink has been used for the simulation work of the overall design. Different test case scenarios are tested for evaluating the performance parameters of the proposed FCS and also for evaluating its performance.

Hybridisation of battery, supercapacitor and hybrid capacitor for load applications with high crest factors: a case study of electric vehicles

This paper proposes a novel topology of hybridizing battery, supercapacitor and hybrid capacitor for optimum utilization of energy in electric vehicles. Hybridization of energy storage has been the theme of much research in the field of power electronics as it is an effective economic solution towards improving the utilization of energy. Batteries have fallen short in comparison to both supercapacitors and hybrid capacitors because of their low power density and limited charge-discharge cycle. Most of the previous research in this field focuses on hybridizing either supercapacitor or hybrid capacitor with the battery but not both. This paper deals with the combination of both supercapacitor and hybrid capacitor with the battery thus addressing the problem of the lack of autonomy between two recharge points in supercapacitors, three hybridization techniques are considered and the balance point of the supercapacitor and hybrid capacitor banks is presented. The prospects of using a multiple-input DC-DC converter is also analyzed. An experimental electric vehicle profile was used to verify the proposed topology and the results are presented. The application of the novel hybridization of the three energy storage devices can be extended to other applications having a load profile with high crest factors.

Development of a New High Frequency Two Quadrant DC-DC Sepic Converter

The DC-DC converter find a wide scope in industries, telecommunication sectors, power electronics area, etc. Nowadays bi-directional converters have a higher end over them since the energy from the load during regenerative braking is fed back to the source, thus obtaining energy efficient system. A single topology that can provide Buck-Boost operation with positive output having four quadrant operations is not available in the literature. A common limitation of power coupling effect in some known multiple-input dc-dcconverters has been addressed in many kinds of literatures. In this paper, a new single topology of two quadrants DC-DC Sepic converter has been developed to provide four quadrant operation of a high- frequency dc-dc converter having one supply source and proper control of the converter. The combined topology has been analyzed and studied by spice simulation.

Multiple Input DC-DC Converters with Input Boost Stages

Multiple Input DC-DC Converters with Input Boost Stages

Solar-Powered Multiple-Input Zeta Converter for 48V Applications

To reduce environment pollutants and a current level on high power systems, 48Vpower applications have been studied on uninterruptible power supply, green telecommunication power system, and micro hybrid electric vehicles with renewable energy sources or alternative energy sources. In the electric vehicle field, large numbers of automobile companies are obligated to supply more electrified vehicles. As these more electrified vehicles use high power, a 48V system has been researched to decrease a current level of the vehicle power system. This paper proposes a solar-powered multiple-input zeta dc-dc converter with high reliability and flexibility for 48V applications. The proposed multiple-input zeta converter system was verified by computer-based simulation results.

A New Single Source Topology Four Quadrant DC-DC SEPIC Converter

The DC-DC converter find a wide scope in industries, telecommunication sectors, power electronics area, etc. Nowadays bi-directional converters have a higher end over them since the energy from the load during regenerative braking is fed back to the source, thus obtaining energy efficient system. A single topology that can provide Buck-Boost operation with positive output having four quadrant operations is not available in literature. A common limitation of power coupling effect in some known multiple-input dc-dc converters has been addressed in many literatures. In this paper, a new single-input DC-DC four quadrant Sepic converter has been developed to provide four quadrant operation of a high frequency dc-dc converter having one supply source and proper control of the converter. The combined topology has been analyzed and studied by spice simulation and Tecplot.

A Methodology for Even Power Sharing among Input Sources in a Multiple-Input DC-DC Converter Topology

A Methodology for Even Power Sharing among Input Sources in a Multiple-Input DC-DC Converter Topology

Dynamic Modeling and Operation Strategy for a Microgrid With Wind and Photovoltaic Resources

This paper presents a dynamic modeling and control strategy for a sustainable microgrid primarily powered by wind and solar energy. A current-source-interface multiple-input dc-dc converter is used to integrate the renewable energy sources to the main dc bus. Potential suitable applications range from a communication site or a residential area. A direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous wind generator is used with a variable speed control method whose strategy is to capture the maximum wind energy below the rated wind speed. This study considers both wind energy and solar irradiance changes in combination with load power variations. As a case study a 30-kW wind/solar hybrid power system dynamic model is explored. The examined dynamics shows that the proposed power system is a feasible option for a sustainable microgrid application.

Modeling and Regulator Design for Three-Input Power Systems with Decoupling Control

In hybrid renewable power systems, the use of a multiple-input dc/dc converter (MIC) leads to simpler circuit and lower cost, when compared to the conventional use of several single-input converters. This paper proposed a novel three-input buck/boost/buck-boost converter, which can be used in applications with various values of input voltage. The energy sources in this converter can deliver power to the load either simultaneously or individually in one switching period. The steady relationship, the power management strategy and the small-signal circuit model of this converter have been derived. With decoupling technology, modeling and regulator design can be obtained under multi-loop control modes. Finally, three generating methods of a multiple-input buck/boost/buck-boost converter is given, and this method can be extended to the other multiple-input dc/dc converters.

Four Quadrants Integrated Transformers for Dual-Input Isolated DC–DC Converters

A common limitation of power coupling effect in some known multiple-input dc-dc converters has been addressed in many literatures. In order to overcome this limitation, a new concept for decoupling the primary windings in the integrated multiple-winding transformers based on 3-D space orthogonal flux is proposed in this letter. And thus, a new geometry core and relative winding arrangements are proposed in accordance with the orthogonal flux decoupling technology. Due to the four secondary windings are arranged in a quadratic pattern at the base core plate with the two perpendicular primary windings, a name of “four quadrants integrated transformers” (FQIT) is, therefore, given to the proposed construction. Since the two primary windings are uncoupled, the FQIT allows the two input power stages to transfer the energy into the output load simultaneously or at any time-multiplexing scheme, which can optimize the utilization of input sources, simplify the system structure, and reduce the overall cost, so they are attractive for the hybrid renewable power system. Section IV initiates a discussion for the advantages of the FQIT. In order to verify the feasibility of the FQIT in multiple-input converter, a dual-input isolated boost dc-dc converter with the FQIT is designed and tested. The results have excellently demonstrated that the two input power stages can be operated independently and the correctness of all the analysis in the letter.

Optimizing Design of Dual-Input Buck DC/DC Converter

In hybrid renewable power systems, the use of a multiple-input dc/dc converter (MIC) leads to simpler circuit and lower cost, compared to the conventional use of several single-input converters. This paper focuses on the optimizing design of MIC. Different from a single–input DC/DC converter, the parameters design of a MIC is very complicated. This is because the converter will operate in multiple operation modes, in which the power sources can deliver power o the load either simultaneously or individually. In this paper, an optimizing design method is proposed with the considerations of the multiple operation modes. A dual-input Buck converter is taken as an example to show the design method and a prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis.

Design of a Multiple-Input SC DC-DC Converter Realizing Long Battery Runtime

SUMMARY A multiple-input switched-capacitor DC-DC converter which can realize long battery runtime is proposed in this letter. Unlike conventional converters for a back-lighting application, the proposed converter drives some LEDs by converting energy from solar cells. Furthermore, the proposed converter can charge a lithium battery when an output load is light. The validity of circuit design is confirmed by theoretical anal

Synchronization and Chaos in Multiple-Input Parallel DC-DC Converters with WTA Switching

This paper studies nonlinear dynamics of a simplified model of multiple-input parallel buck converters. The dynamic winner-take-all switching is used to achieve N-phase synchronization automatically, however, as parameters vary, the synchronization bifurcates to a variety of periodic/chaotic phenomena. In order to analyze system dynamics we adopt a simple piecewise constant modeling, extract essential parameters in a dimensionless circuit equation and derive a hybrid return map. We then investigate typical bifurcation phenomena relating to N-phase synchronization, hyperchaos, complicated superstable behavior and so on. Ripple characteristics are also investigated.

Characteristics of the Multiple-Input DC–DC Converter

In the zero-emission electric power generation system, a multiple-input DC-DC converter is useful to obtain the regulated output voltage from several input power sources such as a solar array, wind generator, fuel cell, and so forth. A new multiple-input DC-DC converter is proposed and analyzed. As a result, the static and dynamic characteristics are clarified theoretically, and the results are confirmed by experiment.