Abstract
The popularity of the eBus has been increasing rapidly in recent years due to its low greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and its low dependence on fossil fuels. This incremental use of the eBus increases the burden to the power grid for its charging. Charging eBus requires a high amount of power for a feasible amount of time. Therefore, developing a fast-charging station (FCS) integrated with Micro Energy Grid (MEG) and hybrid energy storage is crucial for charging eBuses. This paper presents a design of FCS for eBus that integrates MEG with hybrid energy storage with the energy management system. To reduce the dependency on the main utility grid, a hybrid micro energy grid based on a renewable source (i.e., PV) have been included. In addition, hybrid energy storage of batteries and flywheels has also been developed to mitigate the power demand of the fast-charging station during peak time. Furthermore, a multiple-input DC-DC converter has been developed for managing the DC power transfer between the common DC bus and the multiple energy sources. Finally, an energy management system and the controller has been designed to achieve an extensive performance from the fast charging station. MATLAB Simulink has been used for the simulation work of the overall design. Different test case scenarios are tested for evaluating the performance parameters of the proposed FCS and also for evaluating its performance.
Highlights
In today’s world, global warming is a major concern to focus on, which is the result of greenhouse gas emissions
The battery specifications of a Volvo BZL eBus have been considered. This eBus uses lithium-ion batteries and their charging options include a combined charging system (CCS) with a maximum charge power of 150 kW located on the rear side of the bus, as well as rooftop charging with a maximum charge power of 300 kW that allows for fast charging and it requires 5–15 min to charge depending on the State of Charge (SoC) of the battery
The proposed system integrates a hybrid energy storage system composed of a battery and a flywheel with Micro Energy Grid (MEG) including a renewable energy system
Summary
In today’s world, global warming is a major concern to focus on, which is the result of greenhouse gas emissions. A nonlinear MPC-based integrated powertrain and motion control for fuel cell/battery hybrid vehicles has been proposed in [22] Equipment and their replacement cost have been neglected in this study which limits its application. This eBus uses lithium-ion batteries and their charging options include a combined charging system (CCS) with a maximum charge power of 150 kW located on the rear side of the bus, as well as rooftop charging with a maximum charge power of 300 kW that allows for fast charging and it requires 5–15 min to charge depending on the SoC of the battery Considering these power requirements, a PV and flywheel energy storage system has been adopted.
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