Multiple Engineering Applications Research Articles

Design and analysis of a compact sound absorber made of multiple parallel Helmholtz resonators

In this paper, a compact sound absorber material is proposed and studied for noise attenuation at multiple frequencies using finite element method. The global cylindrical cavity of the material is partitioned into twelve sub- cavities where four are located in the center and one extended neck is connected to each sub-cavity. Each sub-cavity with the associated neck represents a Helmholtz resonator and thus the proposed material design is made of twelve parallel Helmholtz resonators. The sound absorption coefficient and the transmission loss present twelve resonant peaks at different frequencies where the surface impedance is close to the air impedance. The resonant frequencies can be adjusted by the geometrical parameters of the necks and the sub-cavities volumes. The proposed sound absorber can be used in multiple engineering applications to attenuate noise simultaneously at twelve different frequencies.

PORE-SCALE STUDIES OF THE EFFECTIVE GAS DIFFUSIVITY IN MICROSCALE POROUS MEDIA BY THE DIRECT SIMULATION MONTE CARLO (DSMC) METHOD

The diffusion of gases in microscale porous media plays a pivotal role in multiple engineering applications. Accurate prediction of gas diffusivity in these media is crucial for optimizing such processes. In this research, we utilized the direct Monte Carlo simulation (DSMC) to analyze gas diffusion in microscale porous media, reconstructed using the quartet structure generation set (QSGS) method. We examined the influence of gas pressure, porosity, tortuosity, and porous microstructure on the effective gas diffusivity in microscale porous media. The findings indicate that the dimensionless effective gas diffusivity is inversely related to gas pressure, given a consistent microstructure. The tortuosity, which depends on the microstructure, significantly influences the gas diffusivity. Specifically, as the tortuosity increases, the effective gas diffusivity decreases at the same porosity. In addition, the anisotropy has a substantial effect on the gas diffusivity in a certain direction; however, it has almost no influence on the effective gas diffusivity. Finally, concluding from extensive numerical data, we introduce a predictive model for effective gas diffusivity in microscale porous media. This model considers the effects of Knudsen (Kn) and tortuosity and is able to predict the gas diffusivity in isotropic and anisotropic porous accurately with porosity ranging from 65% to 95% and Kn ranging from 0.1 to 10.

Modeling viscoelasticity and cyclic creep of PEEK by parallel rheological framework (PRF)

Although creep is usually regarded as a quasistatic phenomenon, in multiple engineering applications the load is not constant, hence creep under cyclic loading conditions should be considered. The current work presents the theoretical and experimental study on the viscoelasticity and cyclic creep of PEEK (Polyether ether ketone) – the polymer with good chemical and thermal stability. Among other demanding applications, PEEK is used in bearings industry for the fabrication of cages, which main function is to isolate and to guide rolling elements. In this application the polymer cage is subjected to the long-term load alternating in time, meaning that classical creep (under constant load) cannot be presumed. In the current study, the non-linear viscosity is included into the generalized Maxwell model, employing the Eyring equations which postulate that the viscosity coefficient is not constant but is dependent on stress. The model is implemented with the Parallel Rheological Framework (PRF) (the numerical technique recently implemented in the commercial software ABAQUS), used to construct the generalized Maxwell model with hyper-elastic springs and dashpots of non-linear viscosity. Initially, the viscoelastic material parameters are identified from the uniaxial test, and later these parameters are used to simulate the PEEK response under cyclic loading, to predict the time to creep/fatigue failure. Eventually, the numerical predictions are compared to the test results. The comparison indicates that the developed method and its numerical implementation by PRF can be successfully used to model the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of PEEK under uniaxial load. It is also found, that the simulation of cyclic creep can be reasonably performed by using the current material model and PRF.

Additive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Thermoset Composites with Directional Thermal Conductivity

AbstractShape memory epoxy vitrimers and their composites are candidate materials for multiple engineering applications due to the commercial availability of their precursors combined with their functionality, mechanical properties, and recyclability. However, the manufacturing of vitrimer composites through conventional mould‐casting limits the flexibility in the design of complex parts. In this work feedstock inks are formulated based on reduced graphene oxide and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to 3D‐print epoxy vitrimer‐based composites by direct ink writing (DIW). The introduction of hBN platelets (up to 22 vol.%) and their alignment during printing enhances the fracture resistance of the material and induces directional thermal transport. The in‐plane thermal conductivities (3 W m−1 K−1) are nearly one order of magnitude higher than the matrix material. The high conductivity results in faster actuation times and can be combined with the printing process to build structures designed to manage heat flow.

Bioinspired Design Rules from Highly Mineralized Natural Composites for Two-Dimensional Composite Design.

Discoveries of two-dimensional (2D) materials, exemplified by the recent entry of MXene, have ushered in a new era of multifunctional materials for applications from electronics to biomedical sensors due to their superior combination of mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. MXene, for example, can be designed for specialized applications using a plethora of element combinations and surface termination layers, making them attractive for highly optimized multifunctional composites. Although multiple critical engineering applications demand that such composites balance specialized functions with mechanical demands, the current knowledge of the mechanical performance and optimized traits necessary for such composite design is severely limited. In response to this pressing need, this paper critically reviews structure-function connections for highly mineralized 2D natural composites, such as nacre and exoskeletal of windowpane oysters, to extract fundamental bioinspired design principles that provide pathways for multifunctional 2D-based engineered systems. This paper highlights key bioinspired design features, including controlling flake geometry, enhancing interface interlocks, and utilizing polymer interphases, to address the limitations of the current design. Challenges in processing, such as flake size control and incorporating interlocking mechanisms of tablet stitching and nanotube forest, are discussed along with alternative potential solutions, such as roughened interfaces and surface waviness. Finally, this paper discusses future perspectives and opportunities, including bridging the gap between theory and practice with multiscale modeling and machine learning design approaches. Overall, this review underscores the potential of bioinspired design for engineered 2D composites while acknowledging the complexities involved and providing valuable insights for researchers and engineers in this rapidly evolving field.

Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Pure Copper Functional Structures for Thermal Management Devices

Thermal management devices such as heat exchangers and heat pipes are integral to safe and efficient performance in multiple engineering applications, including lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles, electronics, and renewable energy. However, the functional designs of these devices have until now been created around conventional manufacturing constraints, and thermal performance has plateaued as a result. While 3D printing offers the design freedom to address these limitations, there has been a notable lack in high thermal conductivity materials beyond aluminium alloys. Recently, the 3D printing of pure copper to sufficiently high densities has finally taken off, due to the emergence of commercial-grade printers which are now equipped with 1 kW high-power lasers or short-wavelength lasers. Although the capabilities of these new systems appear ideal for processing pure copper as a bulk material, the performance of advanced thermal management devices are strongly dependent on topology-optimised filigree structures, which can require a very different processing window. Hence, this article presents a broad overview of the state-of-the-art in various additive manufacturing technologies used to fabricate pure copper functional filigree geometries comprising thin walls, lattice structures, and porous foams, and identifies opportunities for future developments in the 3D printing of pure copper for advanced thermal management devices.

Computational instability analysis of inflated hyperelastic thin shells using subdivision surfaces

The inflation of hyperelastic thin shells is a highly nonlinear problem that arises in multiple important engineering applications. It is characterised by severe kinematic and constitutive nonlinearities and is subject to various forms of instabilities. To accurately simulate this challenging problem, we present an isogeometric approach to compute the inflation and associated large deformation of hyperelastic thin shells following the Kirchhoff–Love hypothesis. Both the geometry and the deformation field are discretized using Catmull–Clark subdivision bases which provide the required C1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$C^1$$\\end{document}-continuous finite element approximation. To follow the complex nonlinear response exhibited by hyperelastic thin shells, inflation is simulated incrementally, and each incremental step is solved using the Newton–Raphson method enriched with arc-length control. An eigenvalue analysis of the linear system after each incremental step assesses the possibility of bifurcation to a lower energy mode upon loss of stability. The proposed method is first validated using benchmark problems and then applied to engineering applications, where the ability to simulate large deformation and associated complex instabilities is clearly demonstrated.

Preparation of bio-based elastomer and its nanocomposites based on dimethyl itaconate with versatile properties

As the need for renewable and high-performance alternative elastomer grows, efforts have been made to develop bio-based elastic polymers for engineering applications. Herein, bio-based elastomers poly(dimethyl itaconate-co-butadiene)s (PDMIBs) were successfully synthesized by emulsion copolymerization of renewable monomer dimethyl itaconate (DMI) with partially petroleum-derived butadiene under mild conditions. It is an effective strategy to tailor PDMIB properties by comonomers with different feed ratios and to adjust the compositions and sequence distributions. The structure and thermal stability were investigated by FTIR, NMR, DSC analyses, etc. In terms of properties: (1) the vulcanizates showed excellent tensile strength (10.2 MPa), elongation at break (1146%) and toughness (37.6 MJ m−3) without filler reinforcement, which were obviously superior to the mechanical properties of most traditional petroleum-based synthetic rubbers; (2) Nanosilica-filled PDMIBs exhibited good mechanical properties, excellent abrasion resistance and oil resistance due to strong polarity in molecular chains; (3) Epoxy-functionalized poly(dimethyl itaconate-co-butadiene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) PDMIBG showed better silica dispersion and excellent dynamic mechanical properties. In summary, this new kind of bio-based elastomer PDMIBs can be used in multiple engineering applications, such as bio-based gloves, conveying belts, oil-resistant products and high-performance tire tread materials, etc. This study opens the door to the use of emulsion copolymerization and functionalization modification technology in the synthesis of new high-performance bio-based elastomer nanocomposites for the rubber industry.

Impact of a rigid sphere onto an elastic membrane

We study the axisymmetric impact of a rigid sphere onto an elastic membrane theoretically and experimentally. We derive governing equations from first principles and impose natural kinematic and geometric constraints for the coupled motion of the sphere and the membrane during contact. The free-boundary problem of finding the contact surface, over which forces caused by the collision act, is solved by an iterative method. This results in a model that produces detailed predictions of the trajectory of the sphere, the deflection of the membrane, and the pressure distribution during contact. Our model predictions are validated against our direct experimental measurements. Moreover, we identify new phenomena regarding the behaviour of the coefficient of restitution for low impact velocities, the possibility of multiple contacts during a single rebound, and energy recovery on subsequent bounces. Insight obtained from this model problem in contact mechanics can inform ongoing efforts towards the development of predictive models for contact problems that arise naturally in multiple engineering applications.

A computational fluid dynamics study on rimming flow in a rotating cylinder

Extensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to study “rimming” flow in a partially filled horizontally rotating cylinder. These flows are encountered in aero-engine bearing chambers, which often exhibit complex two-phase flow scenarios as well as in multiple other engineering applications. In this study, a robust numerical scheme to model two-phase rimming flow has been adopted and validated against analytical expression and experimental data obtained from the literature. Additionally, a vast parametric study of the flow conditions has been performed. We used the volume of fluid method to solve the system of multi-phase flow governing equations and track the interface of rimming flow. The time-dependent gas–liquid interface was resolved, and the liquid-film thickness was determined. First, we performed our simulations within small to moderate ranges of Reynolds and Bond numbers and compared our results with previously reported analytical and experimental investigations. The present CFD results were found to be in very good agreement with previously reported data, both in identifying different regimes reported in the literature for rimming flow and in liquid-film thickness predictions. We also performed several additional simulations at much larger and practical ranges of Reynolds and Bond numbers, beyond the limitations imposed in previous analytical and experimental investigations on thin-film flows. We showed that three different flow regimes—shear-dominated, transitional, and gravitational-dominated—are attainable for the rimming flow for different combinations of Reynolds, Bond, and gravitational numbers. The present numerical results led us to propose a new map of rimming flow regimes by introducing functions of the Froude number and capillary number, which successfully identify and separate these regimes for a significant number of flow conditions.

Effect of Cyclic Uniaxial Mechanical Strain on Endothelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been used as an autologous or allogeneic source in multiple tissue engineering applications. EPCs possess high proliferative and tissue regeneration potential. The effect of shear stress on EPCs has been extensively studied but the role of cyclic mechanical strain on EPCs remains to be understood. In this study, we focused on examining the role of uniaxial cyclic strain on EPCs cultured on three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic composites that mimic healthy and diseased aortic valve tissue matrix compositions. The composites were fabricated by combining centrifugal jet spun fibers with photocrosslinkable gelatin and glycosaminoglycan hydrogels. A custom-designed uniaxial cyclic stretcher was used to provide the necessary cyclic stimulation to the EPC-seeded 3D composites. The samples were cyclically strained at a rate of 1Hz at 15% strain mimicking the physiological condition experienced by aortic valve, with static conditions serving as controls. Cell viability was high in all conditions. Immunostaining revealed reduced endothelial marker (CD31) expression with increased smooth muscle cell marker, SM22α, expression when subjected to cyclic strain. Functional analysis through Matrigel assay agreed with the immunostaining findings with reduced tubular structure formation in strained conditions compared to EPC controls. Additionally, the cells showed reduced acLDL uptake compared to controls which are in alignment with the EPCs undergoing differentiation. Overall, we show that EPCs lose their endothelial progenitor phenotype, and have the potential to be differentiated into mesenchymal-like cells through cyclic mechanical stimulation.

3D Printed Graphene-PLA Scaffolds Promote Cell Alignment and Differentiation.

Traumas and chronic damages can hamper the regenerative power of nervous, muscle, and connective tissues. Tissue engineering approaches are promising therapeutic tools, aiming to develop reliable, reproducible, and economically affordable synthetic scaffolds which could provide sufficient biomimetic cues to promote the desired cell behaviour without triggering graft rejection and transplant failure. Here, we used 3D-printing to develop 3D-printed scaffolds based on either PLA or graphene@PLA with a defined pattern. Multiple regeneration strategies require a specific orientation of implanted and recruited cells to perform their function correctly. We tested our scaffolds with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), neuronal-like cells, immortalised fibroblasts and myoblasts. Our results demonstrated that the specific “lines and ridges” 100 µm-scaffold topography is sufficient to promote myoblast and fibroblast cell alignment and orient neurites along with the scaffolds line pattern. Conversely, graphene is critical to promote cells differentiation, as seen by the iPSC commitment to neuroectoderm, and myoblast fusions into multinuclear myotubes achieved by the 100 µm scaffolds containing graphene. This work shows the development of a reliable and economical 3D-printed scaffold with the potential of being used in multiple tissue engineering applications and elucidates how scaffold micro-topography and graphene properties synergistically control cell differentiation.

Simultaneous Dirac-like Cones at Two Energy States in Tunable Phononic Crystals: An Analytical and Numerical Study

Simultaneous occurrence of Dirac-like cones at the center of the Brillouin zone (Γ) at two different energy states is termed Dual-Dirac-like cones (DDC) in this article. The occurrence of DDC is a rare phenomenon. Thus, the generation of multiple Dirac-like cones at the center of the Brillouin zone is usually non-manipulative and poses a challenge to achieve through traditional accidental degeneracy. However, if predictively created, DDC will have multiple engineering applications with acoustics and vibration. Thus, the possibilities of creating DDC have been identified herein using a simple square periodic array of tunable square phononic crystals (PnCs) in air media. It was found that antisymmetric deaf bands may play critical roles in tracking the DDC. Hence, pivoting on the deaf bands at two different energy states, an optimized tuning parameter was found to achieve Dirac-like cones at two distinct frequency states, simultaneously. Orthogonal wave transport identified as key Dirac phenomena was achieved at two frequencies, herein. It was identified that beyond the Dirac-like cone, the Dirac phenomena remain dominant when a doubly degenerated state created by a top band with positive curvature and a near-flat deaf band are lifted from a bottom band with negative curvature. Utilizing a mechanism of rotating the PnCs near a fixed deaf band, frequencies are tracked to form the DDC, and orthogonal wave transport is demonstrated. Exploiting the dispersion behavior, unique acoustic phenomena, such as ballistic wave transmission, pseudo diffusion and acoustic cloaking are also demonstrated at the Dirac frequencies using numerical simulation. The proposed tunable acoustic PnCs will have important applications in acoustic and ultrasonic imaging, waveguiding and even acoustic computing.

Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Composite Laminates with Elliptical Cutouts under Localized Edge Loads

Perforated composite laminates are frequently encountered in multiple engineering applications as sub-components of complicated structures. In many of these applications, the primary objective of using the panel is to resist buckling under diverse environmental and loading conditions. This paper is mainly focused on the vibration and buckling responses of composite laminates with elliptical cutouts subjected to localized edge loads under different hygrothermal environments. Toward this, a nine-noded heterosis plate element has been utilized to discretize the plate by adopting a refined meshing pattern around the elliptical cutout. The geometric nonlinearity has been incorporated to predict free vibrations under the hygrothermal environment. Considering the plethora of applications of composite laminates in hygrothermal conditions, a new temperature/moisture-dependent model is presented by taking into consideration various mechanical loadings. For a given environmental and loading condition, the stress distribution within the perforated panel is highly non-uniform in nature and hence, a novel dynamic approach has been proposed to solve buckling problems by adopting two sets of boundary conditions. A MATLAB program has been developed to investigate the effect of various parameters such as elliptical cutout size, elliptical orientation, elliptical cutout eccentricity, thickness and boundary conditions of the laminated composite plate under diverse hygrothermomechanical loading conditions. A notable difference in the critical buckling load is observed when the locally prestressed perforated panels are subjected to complex hygrothermal environments, especially at larger elliptical cutouts and hence the importance of localized edge loads under hygrothermal environment is emphasized.

Fabrication of Hierarchical Multilayer Poly(Glycerol Sebacate urethane) Scaffolds Based on Ice-Templating

In this study, it was demonstrated that ice-templating via freeze drying with custom-made moulds, in combination with air brushing, allows for the fabrication of poly(glycerol sebacate urethane) (PGSU) scaffolds with hierarchical multilayer microstructures to replicate various native soft tissues. The PGSU scaffolds were either monolayered but exhibited an anisotropic microstructure, or bilayered and trilayered, with each layer showing different microstructures. By using freeze drying with custom-made moulds, the ice crystals of the solvent were grown unidirectionally, and after freeze-drying, the scaffolds had an anisotropic microstructure, mimicking tissues such as tendon and skeletal muscle. The anisotropic PGSU scaffolds were also examined for their tensile strength, and a range of mechanical properties were obtained by altering the reactants’ molar ratio and polymer concentration. This is of importance, since soft tissues exhibit different mechanical properties depending on their native location and functionality. By combining freeze drying with airbrushing, scaffolds were fabricated with a thin, non-porous layer on top of the porous layers to allow three-dimensional cell co-culture for tissues such as skin and oral mucosa. These results show that fabrication techniques can be combined to produce PGSU scaffolds with tailored hierarchical microstructures and mechanical properties for multiple tissue engineering applications.

Review of Hybrid Materials Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Tissue Engineering Applications.

This review is focused on hybrid polyhydroxyalkanoate-based (PHA) biomaterials with improved physico-mechanical, chemical, and piezoelectric properties and controlled biodegradation rate for applications in bone, cartilage, nerve and skin tissue engineering. PHAs are polyesters produced by a wide range of bacteria under unbalanced growth conditions. They are biodegradable, biocompatible, and piezoelectric polymers, which make them very attractive biomaterials for various biomedical applications. As naturally derived materials, PHAs have been used for multiple cell and tissue engineering applications; however, their widespread biomedical applications are limited due to their lack of toughness, elasticity, hydrophilicity and bioactivity. The chemical structure of PHAs allows them to combine with other polymers or inorganic materials to form hybrid composites with improved structural and functional properties. Their type (films, fibers, and 3D printed scaffolds) and properties can be tailored with fabrication methods and materials used as fillers. Here, we are aiming to fill in a gap in literature, revealing an up-to-date overview of ongoing research strategies that make use of PHAs as versatile and prospective biomaterials. In this work, a systematic and detailed review of works investigating PHA-based hybrid materials with tailored properties and performance for use in tissue engineering applications is carried out. A literature survey revealed that PHA-based composites have better performance for use in tissue regeneration applications than pure PHA.

Full-field hygro-expansion characterization of single softwood and hardwood pulp fibers.

The dimensional stability of paper products is a well-known problem, affecting multiple engineering applications. The macroscopic response of paper to moisture variations is governed by complex mechanisms originating in the material at all length-scales down to the fiber-level. Therefore, a recently-developed method, based on Global Digital Height Correlation of surface topographies is here exploited to measure the full-field hygro-expansion of single fibers, i. e. a surface strain tensor map over the full field of view is obtained as function of time. From the strain field, the longitudinal and transverse hygro-expansion and principle strains can be calculated. Long- and intermediate-duration dynamic tests are conducted on softwood and hardwood fibers. A large spread in the softwood fiber’s transverse and longitudinal hygro-expansion coefficient ratio was found, while hardwood fibers behave more consistently. Computing the principle strain ratios reduces this spread, as it takes into account the variations of the deformation direction, which is directly affected by the micro-fibril angle (MFA). Furthermore, long-duration tests allow identification of the half-times at which the fibers equilibrate. Finally, the determined major strain angles for all fibers are consistent with the MFA ranges reported in the literature.

Temperature distribution in a multi-layer cylinder with circumferentially-varying convective heat transfer boundary conditions

Theoretical modeling of thermal conduction in a multilayer cylinder has been studied in multiple past papers due to its significance in engineering applications such as nuclear engineering, energy storage and sensing. Most past papers have assumed a constant convective heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the cylinder. However, a circumferentially varying heat transfer coefficient may be appropriate in several applications due to the distributed nature of fluid flow around the cylinder. This paper presents a theoretical model for steady-state thermal conduction in a multilayer cylinder with circumferentially-varying convective heat transfer coefficient on the cylinder surface. The theoretical model is presented for both solid and annular cylinders. A series solution is derived for the temperature distribution in each layer by using the convective boundary condition(s) to derive a set of linear algebraic equations for the coefficients of the inner-most layer. Results are shown to be in good agreement with numerical simulations and with closed-form solutions for special cases. The impact of various problem parameters, such as internal heat generation rate and thermal contact resistances on the temperature distribution is analyzed. It is expected that the results presented in this work will improve the theoretical understanding of multilayer heat transfer and be of practical use in multiple engineering applications.

Geometrically Controlled Liquefied Capsules for Modular Tissue Engineering Strategies.

A plethora of bioinspired cell-laden hydrogels are being explored as building blocks that once assembled are able to create complex and highly hierarchical structures recapitulating the heterogeneity of living tissues. Yet, the resulting 3D bioengineered systems still present key limitations, mainly related with limited diffusion of essential molecules for cell survival, which dictates the failure of most strategies upon implantation. To maximize the hierarchical complexity of bioengineered systems, while simultaneously fully addressing the exchange efficiency of biomolecules, the high-throughput fabrication of liquefied capsules is proposed using superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic microarrays as platforms to produce the initial structures with high fidelity of geometry and size. The liquefied capsules are composed by i) a permselective multilayered membrane; ii) surface-functionalized poly(ε-caprolactone) microparticles loaded into the liquefied core acting as cell adhesion sites; and iii) cells. It is demonstrated that besides the typical spherical liquefied capsules, it is also possible to obtain multi-shaped blocks with high geometrical precision and efficiency. Importantly, the internal gelation approach used to produce such blocks does not jeopardize cell viability, evidencing the mild conditions of the proposed cell encapsulation technique. The proposed system is intended to be used as hybrid devices implantable using minimally invasive procedures for multiple tissue engineering applications.

Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers

It is clear that modern carbon fiber (CF) manufacturing methods will go beyond luxurious or limited-use of CF products toward a vast and unlimited commercial evolution of CF uses in multiple engineering applications. This expansion of the unlimited use of CF will be a major challenge for researchers to provide in-depth information to define the mechanical properties of CF products and the extent to which these properties are affected by various environmental factors. Therefore, defining the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) properties under different loading and environmental conditions is critical for extreme operating conditions. Sunlight, heat, and humidity have become a research focus to explore the impact of these parameters on the morphological and mechanical characteristics of the CFRP. This article investigates the influence of sunlight expressed in terms of UltraViolet (UV) light on the morphological and mechanical properties of two different layups of CFRP through tensile testing. The fracture modes were classified based on the ASTM standards to categorize the changes of CFRP with respect to the duration of UV exposure. Furthermore, the observed weight reduction of the exposed CFRP is related to the changes in the mechanical properties. The outcomes show that there is a reduction in tensile strength to approximately 18% for the 45° layup setting and 21% for the 90° layup setting by increasing the UV exposure time to 160 hr. Moreover, the fracture mode was also affected by the UV exposure time, showing more tendency of explosive catastrophic fracture in the center of the specimen at various places, which is known as XMV fracture mode according to ASTM standards.