Multiple Concepts Research Articles

Conflict and Complementarity: Medicalization, Criminalization, and the Question of Human Agency

ABSTRACT The social processes of criminalization and medicalization share important similarities, often complementing each other. Beginning from an analysis of their differences with regard to human agency, this essay provides a preliminary conversation for understanding the historical and contemporary relationship between criminalization and medicalization in Western society. This analysis encompasses three major aims: (1) we establish the difference between criminalization and medicalization with respect to the question of human agency; (2) we examine key legal concepts that elucidate how medicalized approaches to the question of agency influence the direction of criminal adjudication; and (3) we illustrate the ways in which criminalization encounters significant challenges to its institutional practices and thereby appropriates medicalized forms of social control. We conclude by positing that criminalization and medicalization operate as a social control matrix. As the analysis of the relationship between medicalization and criminalization is necessary at the discursive and institutional levels, we utilize multiple theoretical concepts, drawing from the work of Anthony Giddens. Emile Durkheim, Slavoj Žižek, and Michel Foucault.

New method for interval-valued hesitant fuzzy decision making based on preference relations

Interval-valued hesitant fuzzy preference relations (IVHFPRs) are powerful to express the judgments of decision makers (DMs) such as hesitancy and uncertainty. This paper continues to research decision making with IVHFPRs. To do this, it first defines a multiplicative consistency index for interval fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs). Then, it gives a new (acceptably) multiplicative consistency concept for IVHFPRs. After that, optimization models for judging the acceptably multiplicative consistency of IVHFPRs are built. When the multiplicative consistency is unacceptable, optimization models for improving the multiplicative consistency level and for minimizing the number of adjusted judgments are constructed, respectively. Based on the acceptably multiplicative consistency analysis, an algorithm for decision making with IVHFPRs is presented. Furthermore, formulae for determining the weights of the DMs and for measuring the consensus are offered. Based on the acceptably multiplicative consistency and consensus analysis, a new method for group decision making with IVHFPRs is proposed. Finally, an example about selecting the reservoir operation schemes is offered to show the efficiency of the new method and to compare with previous research.

Concept evaluation in new product development

Purpose This paper proposes the combination of rapid prototyping and physical modelling as a set-based concept evaluation method in the early stage of new product development. Design/methodology/approach The concept evaluation method is applied in a case study of a new metal additive manufacturing process for aluminium, where a set of four extruder concepts has been modelled and evaluated. Rapid prototyping was used to produce plastic models of the different designs, and plasticine feedstock material was used to physically model the metal flow during operation. Finally, the selected concept has been verified in full-scale for processing of aluminium feedstock material. Findings The proposed method led to several valuable insights on critical factors that were unknown at the outset of the development project. Overall, these insights enabled concept exploration and concept selection that led to a substantially better solution than the original design. Research limitations/implications This method can be applied for other projects where numerical approaches are not applicable or capable, and where the costs or time required for producing full-scale prototypes are high. Practical implications Employing this method can enable a more thorough exploration of the design space, allowing new solutions to be discovered. Originality/value The proposed method allows a design team to test and evaluate multiple concepts at lower cost and time than what is usually required to produce full-scale prototypes. It is, therefore, concluded to be a valuable design strategy for the early development stages of complex products or technologies.

30-Day Readmission Reduction for Skilled Nursing Facility Readmissions at an Urban Medical Center (TH323B)

•Describe the factors that impact readmission of patients with chronic illness being managed at Skilled Nursing Facilities.•Recognize the key drivers that improved communication will try to achieve by the warm handoff protocol.•Describe creation of a comprehensive discharge packet with a relevant summary of hospital course. Unplanned 30-day hospital readmissions are an important measure of hospital quality and a focus of national regulations. The readmission rate for patients being discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNF) has been an area of improvement for all healthcare systems. The vast majority of SNF will receive a penalty on their Medicare payments for fiscal year 2019 for poor 30-day readmission rates back to hospitals. We aim to reduce the 30 day all cause readmission rate at an urban medical center for skilled nursing facility discharges from the collaborative from Accountable Care Unit from 18% in 2018 to 16% from April to December 2019 at the largest teaching campus for the health system. We used our palliative care training to help improve the communication between 2 facilities. Through the discovery phase some potential Key Drivers identified for the readmissions are lack of verbal communication/wound care orders/nutrition and feeding orders/comprehensive discharge summary/advance directives. Change Concepts devised include a warm handoff between the discharging team and receiving team at SNF, creating a comprehensive discharge packet, improve the hospital course in the discharge summary, create a standardized system for discharge to a skilled nursing facility. We are in process of PDSA Cycle 3. Results of PDSA Cycle 1 and 2 for warm handoff and creating a comprehensive discharge packet show a reduction of 40% for the readmissions. PDSA Cycle 1: 10 patients were discharged after a warm handoff was given to SNF and left facility with a comprehensive discharge packet. At end of 30 days of PDSA Cycle 1, only 4 patients were readmitted. Multiple change concepts and PDSA cycles are ongoing. PDSA Cycle 2 is ongoing. By improving communication between 2 facilities, we achieved our aim in the initial PDSA Cycle by implementing our palliative care skills. We aim to continue to discover other factors and decrease readmission for chronically ill nursing home patients at our urban medical center.

Mendeteksi Pemahaman Konsep Perkalian Mahasiswa Calon Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Melalui Problem Posing

This study aims to determine the understanding of the mathematical multiplication concept of Islamic Elementary School prospective teachers. This study applied a descriptive qualitative method. The research subjects were 33 students of Islamic Elementary Teacher Education Department at the Islamic State University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Submission of mathematics questions is the learning strategy used in the Pembelajaran Matematika course. The results of data analysis showed that there were three categories: (1) understanding the concept of multiplication (33.3%); (2) understanding the concept of pseudo multiplication (18.2%); (3) not understanding the concept of multiplication (48.5%).

A Review of Jonathan Taee, The Patient Multiple: An Ethnography of Healthcare and Decision-Making in Bhutan.New York: Berghahn Books, 2017, 217 pp.(Wyse Series in Social Anthropology)

This monograph presents the results of research on the treatment of diseases in the Kingdom of Bhutan where there are different ways to get rid of diseases: biomedical, traditional, alternative. The author introduces the term patient multiple to describe the patient’s choices and the combination of different treatments. The review discusses the multiplicity of treatment options for Bhutanese patients presented in ethnography, the analytical limitations and difficulties that the author faced in the process of defining concept of multiplicity, and also the opportunities granted by the concept of the multiple patient for future research in medical anthropology.

Discriminative Multiple Kernel Concept Factorization for Data Representation

Concept Factorization (CF) improves Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), which can be only performed in the original data space, by conducting factorization within proper kernel space where the structure of data become much clear than the original data space. CF-based methods have been widely applied and yielded impressive results in optimal data representation and clustering tasks. However, CF methods still face with the problem of proper kernel function design or selection in practice. Most existing Multiple Kernel Clustering (MKC) algorithms do not sufficiently consider the intrinsic neighborhood structure of base kernels. In this paper, we propose a novel Discriminative Multiple Kernel Concept Factorization method for data representation and clustering. We first extend the original kernel concept factorization with the integration of multiple kernel clustering framework to alleviate the problem of kernel selection. For each base kernel, we extract the local discriminant structure of data via the local discriminant models with global integration. Moreover, we further linearly combine all these kernel-level local discriminant models to obtain an integrated consensus characterization of the intrinsic structure across base kernels. In this way, it is expected that our method can achieve better results by more compact data reconstruction and more faithful local structure preserving. An iterative algorithm with convergence guarantee is also developed to find the optimal solution. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets further show that the proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art algorithms.

Institutional Multiplicity and the Fight Against Corruption: A Research Agenda for the Brazilian Accountability Network

Abstract Since democratization, Brazil has established a robust network of accountability institutions that perform a myriad of functions in combating corruption. While there is empirical research on the inner workings of the Brazilian accountability network, many questions remain unanswered and many dimensions of the interactions between institutions in this system have yet to be analyzed and uncovered. This paper argues that the accountability literature can benefit from further descriptive empirical studies, especially detailed analyses that account for empirical differences in norms, procedures and sanctions. To promote this type of granular empirical analysis, we formulate a research agenda for the Brazilian accountability system, arguing that the concept of institutional multiplicity has much to offer in this endeavour. Considering the difficulty in capturing the complexity of Brazil's vast network of accountability institutions in a single paper, we focus on the accountability systems for civil servants working for the federal executive branch. Despite being focused on a particular dimension of the accountability system, we hope that the topics proposed here can inform research questions about other areas of the system as well.

Concept and Practice of Open-pit Mining Area Restoration and Reuse --- Taking an Open-pit Coal Mining Area in Datong, Shanxi as an Example

The restoration of open-pit mining coal mine areas is imminent, and it is of great significance to put forward a set of reasonable restoration concepts. According to the geographical location and economic conditions of the mining areas, this paper combines multiple restoration concepts and measures such as “fundamental reforestation”, “near-natural restoration”, “introduction of agricultural and forestry industries” and “development of cultural tourism in abandoned land” in a scientific way, the combination has been successfully applied in the restoration and comprehensive utilization project in an open-pit coal mine area in Datong, Shanxi, China. This concept realizes the reuse of abandoned open-pit coal mines and closely follows the national strategy of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, in pursuit of the national vision of “clear waters and green mountains are mountains of gold and silver.”

Effect of different kinematic cutting motion in multiple versus single-file concept on dentinal crack formation: An in vitro study

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess crack formation using two different cutting motions (rotation and reciprocation) in nickel–titanium rotary instrument. Materials and Methods: One hundred extracted human mandibular incisors were selected for this study. Before root canal instrumentation, low-speed saw (under water cooling) was used to section the tooth horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex of 0.1 mm. A digital stereomicroscope at ×25 magnification with a cold light source was used to observe the slices. Then all teeth were placed again inside the mold. Samples were classified according to the system used into the following groups: Group 1: negative control, Group 2: the ProTaper Next files, Group 3: a primary reciprocating WaveOne Gold file, Group 4: a small reciprocating WaveOne Gold followed by primary reciprocating WaveOne Gold file, and Group 5: OneShape rotary file. Samples were scanned by using a digital stereomicroscope to detect crack formation. Results: Apical level: WaveOne Gold (primary) group showed the highest prevalence of cracks. Middle level: OneShape group showed the highest prevalence of cracks followed by WaveOne Gold (small and primary) group. Coronal level: The five groups showed no statistically substantial difference in the presence of cracks. Conclusion: All rotary systems can lead to the crack formation.

Multi-Core Architecture and Network on Chip: Applications and Challenges

Technology improves performance and reduces in size day by day. Reduction in size can increase the density and which in turn can improve the performance. These statements suit very well for the computer architecture improvement. The whole System on Chip (SoC) brought the concept of multiple cores on a single chip. The multi-core or many-core architectures are the future of computing. Technology has improved in reducing the size and increasing the density, but improving the performance to an expectation of including more cores is a challenge of many-core technology. Utilization of all cores and improving the performance of execution by these cores are the challenges to be addressed in a many-core technology. This paper discusses the basics of many core architecture, comparison and applications. Further, it covers the basics of Network on Chip (NoC), architectural components, and various views of current Network on Chip research problems. Research problems include improving the performance of communication by avoiding congested path in routing.

Study on the subway transfer recognition during rush hour based on big data

With the development of the subway network, multipath coexistence becomes very common in big cities. It's followed that the tickets clearing problem is highly concerned by co-investors, which relies on accurate transfer paths identification. Different from the commonly used Logit models for subway transfer recognition problem, we adopted the adaptive Gauss cloud transformation (A-GCT) model, which transformed the distribution of passengers' trip time into multiple concepts of different granularity and evaluated the maturity of the concept by the of parameter named confusion degree (CD). The case in this paper shows that, the A-GCT model has higher accuracy in dealing with uncertain problem such as subway transfer recognition.

Artificial Intelligence in Information Technology

Artificial Intelligence is a broad field that encompasses various concepts in Information Technology. This research paper focuses on different technologies in AI and how they apply to improve the performance of multiple sectors. The purpose of this study is to discuss Artificial Intelligence and its present and future applications. AI is the foundation of multiple concepts, such as computing, software creation, and data transmission. The technologies that use AI are machine learning, deep learning, Natural Language Generation, speech recognition, robotics, and biometric identification. AI applies to many sectors such as healthcare sectors, assembling and manufacturing industries, business organizations, and in the automotive industries. AI also has various advantages that make it gain more popularity in many areas. The AI-powered machine can perform many jobs at once; they are not costly compared to human beings and are accurate and efficient. AI also encounters multiple problems that undermine its application. AI is prone to technical difficulties, security snags, data difficulties, and can cause accidents if users fail to understand the AI system. The increased use of AI has transformed various sectors by boosting the organization's performance and facilitating data safety.

Multiple conceptions of resource rationality.

Resource rationality holds great promise as a unifying principle across theories in neuroscience, cognitive science, and economics. The target article clearly lays out this potential for unification. However, resource-rational models are more diverse and less easily unified than might appear from the target article. Here, we explore some of that diversity.

Better than nothing: A historical account of placebos and placebo effects from modern to contemporary medicine.

Throughout the history of medicine, multiple conceptions of "placebo" and "placebo effect" have often co-existed across different domains, and today the meaning of these concepts is still disputed. Against this background, this chapter provides a succinct account of the key events in the history of the concepts of "placebo," "placebo control," and "placebo effect." The first section reconstructs the etymology of the term "placebo" and its first introduction in medicine. The next sections provide an account of how placebos have been employed in both medical practice and scientific research in modern medicine. Later sections trace the emergence of the concepts of "placebo control" and "placebo effect" in the first half of the 20th century, from the first empirical studies investigating the effects of placebos up to the publication of Beecher's landmark article "The Powerful Placebo." Finally, the last two sections review the varieties of randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in the second half of the 20th century, and the subsequent wave of empirical studies that, starting from the 1970s, have investigated the psychological, pharmacological and neurobiological mechanisms of placebo effects.

다양체 개념의 변환 - 리만에서 들뢰즈로 -

다양체 개념의 변환 - 리만에서 들뢰즈로 -

Design of A High Performance 4-Bit Ternary Multiplier using CNTFET

In digital world, digital circuits are influenced by binary logic. Ternary logic which follows the multiple valued logic concept for designing the logic circuits which is an great alternate to the normal binary logic due to its less power consumption and chip area is reduces. Carbon Nano-tube Field-Effect Transistors (CNTFET) is selected to implement the ternary logic circuits due to its mechanical , electrical and thermal properties. The unique feature of CNTFETs has the potential of getting required threshold voltage by varying the diameter of carbon nano-tubes that makes them as a best appropriate type for implementing the ternary logic. In this paper a 4-Bit Ternary Multiplier is designed using 1-Bit ternary multiplier by CNTFET 32nm technology node and simulated in Hspice tool. The proposed 1-Bit multiplier has 10% less delay and 18% less power than the 1-Bit multiplier proposed by Srivasu et al.

Helping a Student with Learning Disabilities Memorize Multiplication Facts

Abstract A sixth grade student’s ability to memorize multiplication facts was investigated. The overall goal of the work was to improve the student’s understanding and knowledge of basic multiplication facts (0-10) for the zeroes, to fives. There were 66 facts, for example 4 x 6 = 24. The student had been taught multiplication concepts in her elementary years and she did have a basic understand of the meaning of multiplication facts as shown on a pretest. She understood that 4 x 6 is a representation of four sets of six or 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24. The student’s previous knowledge and history were used to develop an individualized education plan to help her have a better understanding of the concept and to memorize basic multiplication facts. The interventions were concrete, semi-concrete, and abstract models of instruction. A pretest was given prior to the sessions and a posttest was given after the sessions. The number of sessions was determined based on the student’s ability to learn the concepts. The student was successful at memorizing multiplication facts for the zeroes through fives. The next study will be to help the student achieve automaticity of the multiplication facts.

VERTENTES CLASSIFICATÓRIAS DA CONSTITUIÇÃO

O presente artigo discorre sobre os aspectos classificatórios do termo Constituição, abordando questões relativas aos seus múltiplos conceitos, bem como suas diversas classificações e a intrínseca associação da origem e da História do Direito Constitucional com o surgimento e à própria evolução do Estado.

Definition and characterization of muskoloskeletal pain and associated diseases

Musculoskeletal pain is a frequent reason for seeking health care at any age, including pediatric. Semiological accuracy, with a careful anamnesis plus a systematic and detailed physical examination, is mandatory. Only the use of an accurate and standardized language will allow correct communication so as not to incur ambiguities of definition and interpretation and consequent omissions or overvaluations of clinical manifestations, culminating in diagnostic errors. This manuscript intends to gather and define the multiple concepts of musculoskeletal pain with the aim of standardizing and clarifying medical terminology. Taking into account general concepts, time progression, and location of musculoskeletal pain, the authors gathered 85 concepts, mostly of painful manifestations, that are described in a succinct and practical way