Multiple Communities Research Articles

Dampak pembangunan Yogyakarta international airport di daerah rawan bencana tsunami dengan dukungan sistem informasi geografis

The construction of a new airport in tsunami disaster prone area in Kulon Progo Regency has been impacting in land use and land value. The changes in land use will impact on changing tsunami hazard model. This research aims to analyze the impact of a new airport on physical changes and land value changes in Temon District with geographic information system. The research begins with inventory of spatial data from various agencies. Multi-temporal image interpretation is resulted in 2015 and 2020 land use maps. Physical changes and tsunami models analysis were carried out using spatial analysis in ArcGIS. The making land value change maps using 2015 and 2021 land value zone maps. The analysis effect of new airports and tsunami hazard using multiple linear regression. Data validation was carried out by sampling techniques and field surveys. The results of spatial analysis is physical growth from 2015-2020 covering an area 418,019 m² and loss of a built area 149,261 m². The changes in the tsunami model from 2015-2020 increased by 118,740 m². The changes in land value from 2015-2021 is increasing the average value of Rp. 1,317,088/ meter² or 652%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis and community interviews concluded that the existence of an airport is very influential on increasing land value compared to the effect of tsunami vulnerability.

(116) A Pilot Randomized Trial of a Telehealth Pelvic Yoga Program for Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain

Abstract Introduction One in seven women suffer from chronic pelvic pain (CPP), a syndrome associated with decreased sexual desire, decreased enjoyment of sexual activity, and increased conflict with sexual partners. Pelvic yoga has been recommended as a complementary community-based management strategy for CPP, given its potential to address multiple contributors to this complex pain syndrome. However, it is unclear whether pelvic yoga instruction can be delivered in a way that is accessible and acceptable for diverse women with CPP in the community. Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a telehealth-based pelvic yoga program for women with CPP and examine preliminary changes in pain-related sexual and overall functioning with yoga instruction and practice. Methods The Program to Overcome Pelvic Pain studY (POPPY) is a pilot randomized trial of a telehealth-based pelvic yoga program designed by an expert yoga panel to address multiple contributors to CPP in women. From 2020 to 2022, women who reported pelvic pain for at least 6 months and at least 4 out of 10 on a pain severity scale were recruited from multiple communities in northern California and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the telehealth-based study yoga program or an equivalent-time stretching-strengthening control program. Women in the yoga program participated in twice-weekly group videoconference yoga classes supplemented by weekly individual practice of study-specific Hatha yoga techniques; women in the control group took part in equivalent-time group classes and individual practice of general muscle stretching-strengthening exercises that avoided engaging the pelvic floor. Structured diaries and questionnaires assessed participants’ adherence and self-efficacy in practicing intervention techniques as well as their pain-related functioning after 2 months of intervention instruction and another 2 months of maintenance practice. Results Among 36 women randomized over 3 intervention waves (12 women per wave), mean age was 51 (range 27 to 77) years, 33% self-identified as racial or ethnic minorities, and 81% were married or had sexual partners. Eighty-six percent completed the 2-month intervention programs; of these, 87% completed at least 14 of 16 group telehealth classes. Among women completing yoga instruction, 86% felt it was easier to attend yoga classes by telehealth rather than in person. The yoga intervention was associated with improvements in multiple domains of the validated Impact of Female Chronic Pelvic Pain Questionnaire (IFCPPQ), with mean (SD) scores on the IFCPPQ sexual impact subscale decreasing 12.0 (±25.4) points after 2 months of yoga instruction (P=.15) and 20.0 (±21.2) points after another 2 months of maintenance practice (P=.02). Modest improvements in multiple IFCPPQ domains were also observed in the stretching-strengthening control group, although changes in IFCPPQ sexual impact scores did not reach statistical significance among controls (Table 1). Conclusions Findings demonstrate the feasibility of engaging women with chronic pelvic pain in a telehealth-based pelvic yoga program and provide preliminary evidence of improvement in pelvic pain-related sexual function associated with yoga practice. If yoga can be taught in a way that is appropriate and accessible to diverse women in the community, it may offer a promising complementary management strategy for CPP. Disclosure No

Relations and Resistance of Authorities in Deforestation of Indigenous Forests in Kinipan Village, Central Borneo

The Kinipan Indigenous Forest is both a livelihood and a vital habitat for indigenous peoples, animals, and plants. However, the presence of corporates has caused issues that have upset the equilibrium of the Kinipan Customary Forest. This research seeks to analyze the pattern of interactions that led to the admission of corporations into customary forests and to identify the resistance of the indigenous Kinipan people. Qualitative approach was employed, including observation collection techniques and data documentation from a Watchdoc Documentary-uploaded documentary video titled "KINIPAN," which is supported by literature studies. The findings of this study indicate the existence of a power relationship between the government and the company regarding the regulation of mining permits and mining roads in the Kinipan Customary Forest, which is carried out without the community's participation, thereby causing social conflict between third parties. As a result of this conflict, indigenous peoples formed multiple communities to defend the forest, including the forester's community, the Dayak Tomun community, and the Borneo Red Army.

Long-term transformation of nanoscale zero-valent iron explains its biological effects in anaerobic digestion: From ferroptosis-like death to magnetite-enhanced direct electron transfer networks

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been extensively used for environmental remediation and wastewater treatment. However, the biological effects of nZVI remain unclear, which is no doubt a result of the complexity of iron species and the dynamic succession of microbial community during nZVI aging. Here, the aging effects of nZVI on methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion (AD) were consecutively investigated, with an emphasis on deciphering the causal relationships between nZVI aging process and its biological effects. The addition of nZVI in AD led to ferroptosis-like death with hallmarks of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, which inhibited CH4 production during the first 12 days of exposure. With prolonged exposure time, a gradual recovery (12–21 days) and even better performance (21–27 days) in AD were observed. The recovery performance of AD was mainly attributed to nZVI-enhanced membrane rigidity via forming siderite and vivianite on the outer surface of cells, protecting anaerobes against nZVI-induced toxicity. At the end of 27-days exposure, the significantly increased amount of conductive magnetite simulated direct interspecies electron transfer among syntrophic partners, improving CH4 production. Metagenomic analysis further revealed that microbial cells gradually adapted to the aging of nZVI by upregulating functional genes related to chemotaxis, flagella, conductive pili and riboflavin biosynthesis, in which electron transfer networks likely thrived and the cooperative behaviors between consortium members were promoted. These results unveiled the significance of nZVI aging on its biological effects toward multiple microbial communities and provided fundamental insights into the long-term fates and risks of nZVI for in situ applications.

Assembling the climate story: use of storyline approaches in climate-related science.

Storylines are introduced in climate science to provide unity of discourse, integrate the physical and socioeconomic components of phenomena, and make climate evolution more tangible. The use of this concept by multiple scholar communities and the novelty of some of its applications renders the concept ambiguous nonetheless, because the term hides behind a wide range of purposes, understandings, and methodologies. This semi-systematic literature review identifies three approaches that use storylines as a keystone concept: scenarios-familiar for their use in IPCC reports-discourse-analytical approaches, and physical climate storylines. After screening peer-reviewed articles that mention climate and storylines, 270 articles are selected, with 158, 55, and 57 in each category. The results indicate that each scholarly community works with a finite and different set of methods and diverging understandings. Moreover, these approaches have received criticism in their assembly of storylines: either for lacking explicitness or for the homogeneity of expertise involved. This article proposes that cross-pollination among the approaches can improve the usefulness and usability of climate-related storylines. Among good practices are the involvement of a broader range of scientific disciplines and expertise, use of mixed-methods, assessment of storylines against a wider set of quality criteria, and targeted stakeholder participation in key stages of the process.

Reduced soil multifunctionality and microbial network complexity in degraded and revegetated alpine meadows

Understanding how microbial processes develop and change in alpine meadow soils is key to global initiatives toward environmental sustainability and local land management. Yet, how microbial interactions mediate soil multifunctionality in disturbed and managed alpine meadows remains understudied. Here, we investigated multiple community metrics, particularly microbial network properties and assembly processes, of soil bacterial and fungal communities and their links to certain soil functions along a degradation-restoration sequence of alpine meadows in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Meadow degradation caused significant declines in soil hydraulic conductivity (e.g., higher bulk density, reduced soil porosity and water content) and nitrogen availability, leading to lowered soil multifunctionality. Meadow degradation only caused weak changes in microbial abundance, alpha diversity, and community composition, but remarkably reduced bacterial network complexity, to a less extent for fungal network properties. Short-term artificial restoration with productive grass monocultures did not restore soil multifunctionality, in turn even destabilized bacterial network and favored pathogenic over mutualistic fungi. Soil fungi community are more stable than bacteria in disturbed alpine meadows, and they evolved with distinct assembly strategies (stochastic-dominant versus deterministic-driven processes, respectively). Further, microbial network complexity, positively and better predicts soil multifunctionality than alpha diversity. Our work shows how microbial interaction complexity may enhance soil multifunctionality in degraded alpine meadow ecosystems, noting that meadow restoration with low plant species diversity may failed in restoring multiple ecosystem functions. These findings would help predict the outcomes of global environmental changes and inform management strategies in regional grassland conservation and restoration.

Prevalence and global trends of polypharmacy in patients with chronic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite its central role in drug metabolism, the exact prevalence estimates and factors affecting global trends of polypharmacy in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have remained unexamined. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy in patients with CLD and to comprehensively synthesize the socio-demographic factors that drive this. We conducted a comprehensive search of relevant databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Science citation index, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and database of abstracts of reviews of effectiveness) for studies published from inception to May 30, 2022 that reported on prevalence estimates of polypharmacy in patients with CLD. The risk of bias was conducted utilizing Loney criteria. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of polypharmacy in patients with CLD. We subsequently performed a systematic review and weighted meta-analysis to ascertain the exact pooled prevalence of polypharmacy among patients with CLD. We identified approximately 50 studies from the initial literature search, of which 7 (enrolling N = 521,435 patients) with CLD met the inclusion criteria; of these, 58.7% were male, with a mean age of 53.9 (SD ± 12.2) years. The overall pooled prevalence of polypharmacy among patients with CLD was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4%-66%, I2 = 100%, τ2 ≤ 0.001, P ≤ .0001). We found higher pooled prevalence estimates among patients aged 50 years and older compared to their younger cohorts (42%, [CI 10-77]; I2 = 100%, P = <.001 vs 21%, [CI 0-70]; I2 = 100%, P = <.001). In an examination of multiple community- and hospital-based databases of patients with CLD, we found a pooled prevalence estimate of polypharmacy of approximately 31%. This represents a case burden within the range reported in the general population and will likely respond to mitigation strategies employed thus far for patients in that population.

Destabilizing Effects of Environmental Stressors on Aquatic Communities and Interaction Networks across a Major River Basin.

Human-driven environmental stressors are increasingly threatening species survival and diversity of river systems worldwide. However, it remains unclear how the stressors affect the stability changes across aquatic multiple communities. Here, we used environmental DNA (eDNA) data sets from a human-dominated river in China over 3 years and analyzed the stability changes in multiple communities under persistent anthropogenic stressors, including land use and pollutants. First, we found that persistent stressors significantly reduced multifaceted species diversity (e.g., species richness, Shannon's diversity, and Simpson's diversity) and species stability but increased species synchrony across multiple communities. Second, the structures of interaction networks inferred from an empirical meta-food web were significantly changed under persistent stressors, for example, resulting in decreased network modularity and negative/positive cohesion. Third, piecewise structural equation modeling proved that the persistent stress-induced decline in the stability of multiple communities mainly depended upon diversity-mediated pathways rather than the direct effects of stress per se; specifically, the increase of species synchrony and the decline of interaction network modularity were the main biotic drivers of stability variation. Overall, our study highlights the destabilizing effects of persistent stressors on multiple communities as well as the mechanistic dependencies, mainly through reducing species diversity, increasing species synchrony, and changing interaction networks.

Synthetic Denitrifying Communities Reveal a Positive and Dynamic Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Relationship during Experimental Evolution.

Biodiversity is vital for ecosystem functions and services, and many studies have reported positive, negative, or neutral biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships in plant and animal systems. However, if the BEF relationship exists and how it evolves remains elusive in microbial systems. Here, we selected 12 Shewanella denitrifiers to construct synthetic denitrifying communities (SDCs) with a richness gradient spanning 1 to 12 species, which were subjected to approximately 180 days (with 60 transfers) of experimental evolution with generational changes in community functions continuously tracked. A significant positive correlation was observed between community richness and functions, represented by productivity (biomass) and denitrification rate, however, such a positive correlation was transient, only significant in earlier days (0 to 60) during the evolution experiment (180 days). Also, we found that community functions generally increased throughout the evolution experiment. Furthermore, microbial community functions with lower richness exhibited greater increases than those with higher richness. Biodiversity effect analysis revealed positive BEF relationships largely attributable to complementary effects, which were more pronounced in communities with lower richness than those with higher richness. This study is one of the first studies that advances our understanding of BEF relationships and their evolutionary mechanisms in microbial systems, highlighting the crucial role of evolution in predicting the BEF relationship in microbial systems. IMPORTANCE Despite the consensus that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning, not all experimental models of macro-organisms support this notion with positive, negative, or neutral biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships reported. The fast-growing, metabolically versatile, and easy manipulation nature of microbial communities allows us to explore well the BEF relationship and further interrogate if the BEF relationship remains constant during long-term community evolution. Here, we constructed multiple synthetic denitrifying communities (SDCs) by randomly selecting species from a candidate pool of 12 Shewanella denitrifiers. These SDCs differ in species richness, spanning 1 to 12 species, and were monitored continuously for community functional shifts during approximately 180-day parallel cultivation. We demonstrated that the BEF relationship was dynamic with initially (day 0 to 60) greater productivity and denitrification among SDCs of higher richness. However, such pattern was reversed thereafter with greater productivity and denitrification increments in lower-richness SDCs, likely due to a greater accumulation of beneficial mutations during the experimental evolution.

Content recommendation with two-level TransE predictors and interaction-aware embedding enhancement: An information seeking behavior perspective

In community-based social media, users consume content from multiple communities and provide feedback. The community-related data reflect user interests, but they are poorly used as additional information to enrich user-content interaction for content recommendation in existing studies. This paper employs an information seeking behavior perspective to describe user content consumption behavior in community-based social media, therefore revealing the relations between user, community and content. Based on that, the paper proposes a Community-aware Information Seeking based Content Recommender (abbreviated as CISCRec) to use the relations for better modeling user preferences on content and increase the reasoning on the recommendation results. CISCRec includes two key components: a two-level TransE prediction framework and interaction-aware embedding enhancement. The two-level TransE prediction framework hierarchically models users’ preferences for content by considering community entities based on the TransE method. Interaction-aware embedding enhancement is designed based on the analysis of users’ continued engagement in online communities, aiming to add expressiveness to embeddings in the prediction framework. To verify the effectiveness of the model, the real-world Reddit dataset (4,868 users, 115,491 contents, 850 communities, and 602,025 interactions) is chosen for evaluation. The results show that CISCRec outperforms 8 common baselines by 9.33%, 4.71%, 42.13%, and 14.36% on average under the Precision, Recall, MRR, and NDCG respectively.

QSP Designer: Quantitative systems pharmacology modeling with modular biological process map notation and multiple language code generation.

Typical Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) workflows involve discussion of biology, supported by graphical diagrams, followed by construction of large Ordinary Differential Equation models. QSP Designer facilitates this process by providing enhanced graphical notation, which enables hierarchical presentation with modules and handling of combinatorial complexity with diagram node arrays. Whereas the software includes a simulation engine, a major feature is full model code generation in MATLAB, R, C, and Julia to support multiple modeling communities.

Asset Management, Reliability and Prognostics Modeling Techniques

In recent years, reliability engineering has seen significant growth in data-driven modeling, mainly due to the democratization of sensing technologies, big data processing, and computing capabilities. It has also seen a paradigm shift, with Engineering of Asset Management (EAM) becoming widely accepted as a high-level framework to support corporate policies and strategies. The rapid evolution of research leads to the development of multiple research communities, making it difficult for the uninitiated to navigate the literature. Indeed, system reliability encompasses several research subfields that focus on maximizing the life cycle of assets, including Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety (RAMS), Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), and Engineering of Asset Management. This article proposes a review of these concepts with the aim of identifying the different scientific communities, what differentiates them, and what connects them. It also addresses RAMS and PHM modeling techniques and highlights the significance of these disciplines in ensuring the functioning of complex systems. In summary, this article aims to clarify the interrelationship between the topics of reliability engineering, to simplify the search and selection for modeling methods.

Response of coral bacterial composition and function to water quality variations under anthropogenic influence

Microbial communities play key roles in the adaptation of corals living in adverse environments, as the microbiome flexibility can enhance environmental plasticity of coral holobiont. However, the ecological association of coral microbiome and related function to locally deteriorating water quality remains underexplored. In this work, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) to investigate the seasonal changes of bacterial communities, particularly their functional genes related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) cycle, of the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis from nearshore reefs exposed anthropogenic influence. We used nutrient concentrations as the indicator of anthropogenic activities in coastal reefs, and found a higher nutrient pressure in spring than summer. The bacterial diversity, community structure and dominant bacteria of coral shifted significantly due to seasonal variations dominated by nutrient concentrations. Additionally, the network structure and nutrient cycling gene profiles in summer under low nutrient stress was distinct from that under poor environmental conditions in spring, with lower network complexity and abundance of CNPS cycling genes in summer compared with spring. We further identified significant correlations between microbial community (taxonomic composition and co-occurrence network) and geochemical functions (abundance of multiple functional genes and functional community). Nutrient enrichment was proved to be the most important environmental fluctuation in controlling the diversity, community structure, interactional network and functional genes of the coral microbiome. These results highlight that seasonal shifts in coral-associated bacteria due to anthropogenic activities alter the functional potentials, and provide novel insight about the mechanisms of coral adaptation to locally deteriorating environments.

An Interactive Co-Evolutionary Framework for Multi-Objective Critical Node Detection on Large-Scale Complex Networks

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been proved to be competitive for solving the critical node detection problem (CNDP) on complex networks in both non-cascading scenario and cascading scenario. With the continuous expansion of network scale, the search space of the existing MOEAs will increase exponentially. To this end, we propose an interactive co-evolutionary framework (ICoEF) to solve the multi-objective critical node detection on large-scale complex networks, where a set of local populations as well as a global population are interactively evolved to detect the critical nodes with high qualities. Specifically, we first use a community detection algorithm to divide the original network into multiple local communities, where each local community generates a local population for quickly finding local solutions independently. Then, the latent good solutions can be easily obtained by combining the returned local solutions. After that, one global population generated by the original network can refine these latent good solutions by using the proposed two-stage replacement search strategy. Through the above local and global evolutionary interaction, a set of high-quality solutions can be finally obtained. Experiments on synthetic and real-world networks demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework over several state-of-the-art baselines in both non-cascading and cascading scenarios.

Review: We Are Not Animals: Indigenous Politics of Survival, Rebellion, and Reconstitution in Nineteenth-Century California, by Martin Rizzo-Martinez

Book Review| May 01 2023 Review: We Are Not Animals: Indigenous Politics of Survival, Rebellion, and Reconstitution in Nineteenth-Century California, by Martin Rizzo-Martinez Martin Rizzo-Martinez. We Are Not Animals: Indigenous Politics of Survival, Rebellion, and Reconstitution in Nineteenth-Century California. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2022. 536 pp. Illustrations. Hardcover $80.00. Natale Zappia Natale Zappia NATALE ZAPPIA is associate professor of history and director of the Institute for Sustainability at California State University, Northridge. His works include The Many Faces of Edward Sherriff Curtis: A Collection of Portraits and Stories from Native North America (with Steadman Upham, 2006); Traders and Raiders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin (2014); and Rez Metal (film and book, 2020). Zappia is also the associate project director of the Early California Cultural Atlas. He currently works with local tribal communities in Southern California on the Los Angeles Landscape History Mapping Project. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California History (2023) 100 (2): 126–128. https://doi.org/10.1525/ch.2023.100.2.126 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Natale Zappia; Review: We Are Not Animals: Indigenous Politics of Survival, Rebellion, and Reconstitution in Nineteenth-Century California, by Martin Rizzo-Martinez. California History 1 May 2023; 100 (2): 126–128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/ch.2023.100.2.126 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCalifornia History Search We Are Not Animals is a monumental volume exploring the Indigenous contours that shaped the colonial, Mexican, and American periods of Alta California. Hyperfocused on the intricate and continuous lineages, traditional ecological knowledge, and cultures of multiple communities within and around Santa Cruz (home of Mission Santa Cruz), Martin Rizzo nonetheless offers history on an epic scale. His study is enmeshed in deep time, ecologies, and practices, as well as meticulously engaged with underutilized or overlooked archival sources—particularly those originating from Indigenous archives. Weighing in at nearly five hundred pages and with close to fifty tables, maps, and figures, Rizzo’s work provides the most comprehensive and detailed account to date of the Ohlone experience in what is now the Santa Cruz coastline and mountain range. Although California is home to tech titans with global reach, Native Californians and their histories remain hidden in plain sight. Rizzo’s goal is to cast... You do not currently have access to this content.

Utilizing RE-AIM to scope potential for feasible immigrant cancer literacy education

Disparities in cancer incidence and mortality exist between settled and newly-arrived immigrant communities in immigrant-nations, such as Australia, Canada and USA. This may be due to differences in the uptake of cancer prevention behaviours and services for early detection, and cultural, language or literacy barriers impacting understanding of mainstream health messages. Blending cancer-literacy with immigrant English language education presents a promising means to reach new immigrants attending language programs. Guided by the RE-AIM framework for translational research, this study explored the feasibility and translation potential of this approach within the Australian context. Focus groups and interviews (N = 22) were held with English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) teachers and immigrant resource-centre personnel. Thematic Framework Analysis, driven by RE-AIM, identified potential barriers to Reach for immigrants, Adoption by teachers, Implementation into immigrant-language programs and long-term curriculum Maintenance. Responses further highlighted that an Efficacious ESL cancer-literacy resource could be facilitated by developing flexible, culturally-sensitive content to cater for multiple cultures. Interviewees also raised the importance of developing the resource according to national curricula-frameworks, different language levels, and incorporating varied communicative activities and media. This study therefore offers insight into potential barriers and facilitators to developing a resource feasible for inclusion in existing immigrant-language programs, and achieving reach to multiple communities.

Equitable Urban Planning: Harnessing the Power of Comprehensive Plans.

Describe the role of comprehensive plans in promoting health equity in urban communities. Specifically, the review aims to identify recent findings related to using comprehensive plans to shape social determinants of health and to discuss the challenges that comprehensive plans face in promoting health equity. The review also presents recommendations for how urban planners, public health practitioners, and policymakers can work together to promote health equity through comprehensive planning efforts. The evidence highlights the importance of comprehensive plans in promoting health equity in communities. These plans can shape the social determinants of health, such as housing, transportation, and green space, which significantly impact health outcomes. However, comprehensive plans face challenges related to the lack of data and understanding of the social determinants of health and the need for collaboration between multiple sectors and community groups. To effectively promote health equity through comprehensive plans, a standardized framework that incorporates health equity considerations is needed. This framework should include common goals and objectives, guidance on assessing potential impacts, performance metrics, and community engagement strategies. Urban planners and local authorities play a critical role in developing clear guidelines for integrating health equity considerations into planning efforts. Harmonizing comprehensive plan requirements across the USA are also essential to ensure equitable access to opportunities for health and well-being.

Personality traits, rank attainment, and siring success throughout the lives of male chimpanzees of Gombe National Park.

Personality traits in many taxa correlate with fitness. Several models have been developed to try to explain how variation in these traits is maintained. One model proposes that variation persists because it is linked to trade-offs between current and future adaptive benefits. Tests of this model's predictions, however, are scant in long-lived species. To test this model, we studied male chimpanzees living in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We operationalized six personality traits using ratings on 19 items. We used 37 years of behavioral and genetic data to assemble (1) daily rank scores generated from submissive vocalizations and (2) records of male siring success. We tested whether the association between two personality traits, Dominance and Conscientiousness, and either rank or reproductive success, varied over the life course. Higher Dominance and lower Conscientiousness were associated with higher rank, but the size and direction of these relationships did not vary over the life course. In addition, independent of rank at the time of siring, higher Dominance and lower Conscientiousness were related to higher siring success. Again, the size and direction of these relationships did not vary over the life course. The trade-off model, therefore, may not hold in long-lived and/or slowly reproducing species. These findings also demonstrate that ratings are a valid way to measure animal personality; they are related to rank and reproductive success. These traits could therefore be used to test alternative models, including one that posits that personality variation is maintained by environmental heterogeneity, in studies of multiple chimpanzee communities.

The Social Process of Caregiving in Fathers: A Grounded Theory Study.

The United Nation's Agenda 2030 recognizes unpaid domestic caregiving in the home as the largest barrier to gender equality. However, little research has been conducted to understanding the social process through which fathers engage in caregiving. The purpose of this constructivist grounded theory study was to explore the social process of caregiving in fathers. Recruited from multiple community settings, 35 fathers participated in intensive interviews with the investigator. The initial interview guide was developed through Swanson's Theory of Caring and modified as themes emerged. Data analysis occurred using an iterative categorization matrix for organization and clarity. This study proposed the action-based Caregiving in Fathers Theory. The 3 main themes of the theory center on the following: (1) reconciling the past through "Reinventing the Kitchen Table"; (2) managing the present through "Creating a Home"; and (3) preparing for the future through "Discovering Empowerment." For fathers, gender equality in society begins with accepting fathers as proficient, competent, and primary caregivers. This theory reveals the motivations of fathers in participating in unpaid domestic caregiving in the home.

Origami activism, inalienable collections, and crumbling concrete: Material engagements with Histories of violence

AbstractThe World War II mass incarceration of Japanese Americans was a traumatic event that had lasting repercussions on multiple communities. Archaeologists have sought to productively pursue community‐based methodologies in studying this period, employing object‐based oral histories, outreach events, and community participation in fieldwork. However, less scholarly attention has looked to the ways in which materials have become central to understanding and mobilizing around the incarceration camp history. Acts of pilgrimage, memorialization, scholarly study, and activism constitute key arenas through which this heritage is participated with, each interacting with materials in different ways. This article discusses three cases of material engagements, from the politics of object ownership to origami activism and their importance in reckoning with this violent past. Materials in these cases are not passive objects but rather spur actions and create new publics. Furthermore, the physical qualities of materials shape both the ways in which they are engaged and the politics that surround their rhetorical deployment.