Multiple Bodies Research Articles

MultiSoma: Motor and Gaze Analysis on Distributed Embodiment With Synchronized Behavior and Perception

Human behavior and perception are optimized for a single body. Yet, the human brain has plasticity, which allows us to extend our body schema. By utilizing technology like robotics or virtual reality (VR), we can modify our body parts or even add a new body to our own while retaining control over these parts. However, the update of body cognition when controlling multiple bodies has not been well examined. In this study, we explore the task performance and body cognition of humans when they have multiple full bodies as an extended embodiment. Our experimental system allows a participant to control up to four bodies at the same time and perceive sensory information from them. The participant experiences synchronizing behavior and vision perception in a virtual environment. We set up three tasks for multiple bodies and evaluated the cognition of these bodies with their gazing information, task performances, and subjective ratings. We found that humans can have the sense of body ownership and agency for each body when controlling multiple bodies simultaneously. Furthermore, it was observed that people manipulate multiple bodies by actively switching their attention in a static environment and passively switching their attention in a dynamic environment. Distributed embodiment has the potential to extend human behavior in cooperative work, parallel work, group behavior, and so on.

A Deep Learning-Based Model for Analyzing Social Public Issues

Social work services have grown in popularity in China in recent years, and in the context of the government's support of social governance innovation, social work has emerged as a powerful tool for intervening in communal public concerns. Community public problems are a focused expression of urban community contradictions and disputes. The aging and damage problems of public facilities in old building areas without property management in urban communities are affecting the lives of residents, and how social workers should intervene in the increasing public problems in communities can no longer be ignored. This article takes the behavior of social workers as the research object. By summarizing and analyzing the existing research results at home and abroad, it clarifies the importance of social workers' behavior to solve the public problems in communities. In order to analyze the group behavior of social workers, a hierarchical analysis model for group behavior identification is proposed by combining deep neural networks. The method uses moderation network migration learning to achieve the detection of temporal consistency of multiple human bodies in behavioral groups; the recognition of individual behaviors with unconstrained duration in-group behaviors is completed through the fusion of spatiotemporal feature learning; the stable and effective recognition of g is achieved through the fusion of individual behavior categories in scenes and the contextual information of interaction scenes. It is experimentally verified that the method can detect social workers' group behaviors, promote the rational solution to community public problems, and drive the development of community multibody governance.

Source apportionment and elevational gradient of dissolved organic matter over the Tibetan plateau

Our understanding of water-soluble organic constituents and their transformation in the unique aqueous continuum over cryosphere region is scarce. Here, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and water-soluble inorganic ions in multiple water bodies from the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) cryosphere are systematically determined from a suite of field campaigns, laboratory experiments, linear regression analysis, and multiple comparisons, etc. We found that the water bodies located at high elevation have much lower DOC contents compared to the samples at lower elevation, there has significant altitude dependence of DOC abundance in water bodies over the study area (elevation range: 1971–4700 m asl). Comparison of optical properties, source apportionment, chemical analysis and model simulation of the water bodies provide evidence that the atmospheric deposition of organic species in high mountains is transported to plateau lakes in the northeast of TP via alpine runoff (45%) and snow/ice meltwater (20%). Further, dominance of anthropogenic activities in lower elevations can contribute (35%) to the observed altitudinal dependency. Thus, this preliminary study represents the first systematic investigation of the transport and cycling of organic carbonaceous matter and nitrogenous matter in eastern TP and warrants more robust in-situ observations and measurements in future in High Mountains of Asia.

Prevalence of Paget's disease of bone: review of consecutive abdominopelvic CT scans and literature.

Previous studies suggest an overall decrease of Paget's disease of bone (PDB) prevalence. However, a large number of asymptomatic patients make previously reported prevalence likely underrepresented. To evaluate the prevalence of PDB in our patient population. We retrospectively identified 1295 (mean age = 59 years; age range = 18-98 years) consecutive abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans over a 15-day period in 2014. Abdominopelvic CT images were reviewed to assess for the presence of PDB in the lower thoracic spine, lumbar spine, pelvis, or proximal femora. This prevalence was compared with prevalence reported in earlier literature using Fisher's exact test. Of the included patients, 5/1295 (0.39%) patients had imaging findings of PDB on abdominopelvic CT. Those five patients were all aged ≥55 years and had pelvic bone involvement, with one patient having additional involvement of multiple lower thoracic vertebral bodies. In our studied cohort, 812/1295 (62.7%) patients were aged ≥55 years, which corresponds to a prevalence of 0.62% (5/812) of PDB in patients aged ≥55 years. When accounting for fact that bones of the pelvis are involved in 40%-91% of patients with PDB, the prevalence is estimated at 0.43%-0.98% in the total adult population and estimated at 0.68%-1.55% in older adults. The prevalence was greater than two studies before 1960, and less than some studies during 1960-2019. We found that the prevalence of PDB on abdominopelvic CTs was 0.39% of all adult patients with an increase after the age of 55 years.

The effects of highly reduced magmatism revealed through aubrites

AbstractEnstatite‐rich meteorites, including the aubrites, formed under conditions of very low oxygen fugacity (ƒO2: iron‐wüstite buffer −2 to −6) and thus offer the ability to study reduced magmatism present on multiple bodies in our solar system. Elemental partitioning among metals, sulfides, and silicates is poorly constrained at low ƒO2; however, studies of enstatite‐rich meteorites may yield empirical evidence of the effects of low ƒO2 on elemental behavior. This work presents comprehensive petrologic and oxygen isotopic studies of 14 aubrites, including four meteorites that have not been previously investigated in detail. The aubrites exhibit a variety of textures and mineralogy, and their elemental zoning patterns point to slow cooling histories for all 14 samples. Oxygen isotope analyses suggest that the aubrite parent bodies may be more heterogeneous than originally reported or may have experienced incomplete magmatic differentiation. Contrary to the other classified aubrites and based on textural and mineralogical observations, we suggest that the Northwest Africa 8396 meteorite shows an affinity for an enstatite chondrite parentage. By measuring major elemental compositions of silicates, sulfides, and metals, we calculate new metal–silicate, sulfide–silicate, and sulfide–metal partition coefficients for aubrites that are applicable to igneous systems at low ƒO2. The geochemical behavior of elements in aubrites, as determined using partition coefficients, is similar to the geochemical behavior of elements determined experimentally for magmatic systems on Mercury. Enstatite‐rich meteorites, including aubrites, represent valuable natural petrologic analogues to Mercury and their study could further our understanding of reduced magmatism in our solar system.

Gunshot Fracture of the Mandible

A 51-year-old male was transferred to the hospital with a gunshot injury of the lower face. Three-dimensional scan of the multislice computed tomography (MSCT) revealed a severely comminuted fracture (Panel A: arrow) of the left mandibular body at the inferior margin area (what corresponds to the gunshot marginal mandible fracture diagnosis among 12 variants of gunshot mandibular fractures)1. Also, the implantation of multiple different shape radiopaque foreign bodies (arrowhead) was also visualized along with metal artifacts. A rotated coronal scan of the MSCT (Panel B) showed linear continuation (waved arrow) of the fracture to the ramus (visualized as incomplete fracture)2, partially splitting it into medial and lateral fragments. Although the incomplete fractures are more common for the pediatric jaw fractures, in this gunshot injury the MSCT data also indicates an incomplete fracture. In this particular case, it was a gunshot compound fracture (also known as open fracture) of the mandible. 3 Intermaxillary fixation (also known as maxilla-mandibular4 or maxillomandibular fixation5) was performed for 3 weeks without open intervention in the mandible margin area. Antibiotic therapy (Ceftriaxone 1.0 g 2 times daily applying intramuscular administration) was done during 7 days after trauma.

Parallel adaptive weakly-compressible SPH for complex moving geometries

The use of adaptive spatial resolution to simulate flows of practical interest using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is of considerable importance. Recently, Muta and Ramachandran [1] have proposed an efficient adaptive SPH method which is capable of handling large changes in particle resolution. This allows the authors to simulate problems with much fewer particles than was possible earlier. The method was not demonstrated or tested with moving bodies or multiple bodies. In addition, the original method employed a large number of background particles to determine the spatial resolution of the fluid particles. In the present work we establish the formulation's effectiveness for simulating flow around stationary and moving geometries. We eliminate the need for the background particles in order to specify the geometry-based or solution-based adaptivity and we discuss the algorithms employed in detail. We consider a variety of benchmark problems, including the flow past two stationary cylinders, flow past different NACA airfoils at a range of Reynolds numbers, a moving square at various Reynolds numbers, and the flow past an oscillating cylinder. We also demonstrate different types of motions using single and multiple bodies. The source code is made available under an open source license, and our results are reproducible. Program summaryProgram Title: Parallel adaptive EDAC-SPHCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/62rhbb9p4t.1Developer's repository link:https://gitlab.com/pypr/asph_motion.Code Ocean capsule:https://codeocean.com/capsule/4785489Licensing provisions: BSD 3-clauseProgramming language: PythonExternal routines/libraries:: PySPH (https://github.com/pypr/pysph), matplotlib (https://pypi.org/project/matplotlib/), NumPy (https://pypi.org/project/numpy/), automan (https://pypi.org/project/automan/), compyle (https://pypi.org/project/compyle/).Nature of problem: Simulating fluid flow around multiple moving bodies requires the local resolution to be automatically adapted in order to capture all the necessary flow features. If a single resolution is used throughout the domain, the number of particles would be excessively large.Solution method: We validate and demonstrate the accuracy of the adaptive particle refinement algorithm in simulating flow past moving multiple geometries. Our algorithm is fully parallel, and we provide an open-source implementation.

Transportation of Payload Using Multiple Quadrotors via Rigid Connection

Due to the limited payload capability of an aerial robot, multiple quadrotors can be used to manipulate payloads in aerial transportation, construction, and assembly tasks. This paper focuses on the cooperative transportation of a payload rigidly attached to multiple quadrotor bodies. These quadrotors may have different orientations. The dynamics equation of a rigid body in 3-D space is derived to describe the motion of such a transportation system. Robust position and attitude controllers are designed to drive the system to the desired pose. To assign control signals for each quadrotor, the control command allocation method compatible with the case that partial or all quadrotors are in parallel planes is developed. Finally, experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers and control command allocation methods. Different from classical works in this field, this paper can solve the dynamics modeling, controller design, and control command allocation problems for the transportation of a rigidly connected payload using a team of quadrotors with different orientations.

Garcin syndrome caused by rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis

Total paralysis of all or near all unilateral cranial nerves indicates Garcin syndrome. Garcin syndrome caused by Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) complicating with cerebral infarction has been reported rarely. ROCM is an opportunistic fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality rates despite treatment due to acute angioinvasive infections. We report the case of a 69-year-old female, with a history of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), who presented Garcin syndrome caused by ROCM.

Anti-interfering method for environmental foreign bodies for the microstrip antenna sensor

As a result of the rapid development of intelligent equipment, the importance of intelligent sensing technology for use in structural health monitoring applications is increasing. Among the emerging intelligent structure monitoring methods, microstrip antenna sensing technology is attracting considerable attention. The working environments for mechanical equipment are often harsh and highly differentiated. Multiple environmental jamming factors, including water, dust, ice, and other foreign bodies, will reduce the parameter monitoring reliability of microstrip antenna sensors. In this paper, an anti-interfering method for these environmental foreign bodies based on antenna cladding technology is presented. First, a multi-physical numerical model is established to study the mechanism by which the environmental foreign bodies affect the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor. The effects of the foreign bodies on the sensor’s resonant frequency are analyzed via simulations. The anti-interfering cladding design method for environmental bodies is then studied. The structure,a shape, and size of the environmental anti-interfering cladding are designed using an FR4 epoxy plate with good heat and moisture resistance, largely causing the fluctuation level of the sensor’s resonant frequency with changes in the environment to be reduced by more than 95%. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed anti-interfering method for environmental foreign bodies using antenna cladding technology greatly improves the reliability of the microstrip antenna sensor and has considerable engineering application value.

Topology optimization design of three-dimensional multi-material and multi-body structure based on irregular cellular hybrid cellular automata method

In recent years, Hybrid Cellular Automata Method (HCAM) has been successfully applied to solve structural topology optimization problems. However, there was no report on HCAM research of three-dimensional composite structure composed of multiple materials and multiple bodies. Therefore, in this paper, three-dimensional non-cube cells of irregular size (such as tetrahedral cells with adaptive changes inside length) and Finite Element Method (FEM) are introduced to extend HCAM, which is better and more flexibly to fit complex geometric shapes. Furthermore, a better structure configuration of multi-material and multi-body structure is obtained. The typical example study showed that the proposed topology optimization method could effectively remove the redundant materials of multi-material and multi-body structure, and the optimized structure configuration could still meet the requirements of the original condition after geometric reconstructed. Thus it provided a reference for the intelligent design of other products.

Impact of Anisotropic Mesh Adaptation on the Aerothermodynamics of Atmospheric Reentry

The presence of complex geometries and/or multiple bodies during atmospheric reentry may lead to complex and directional flow features, such as shock waves and shear layers, that need to be correctly predicted to ensure accurate calculation of the aerothermal loads during reentry. Central in ensuring reliable numerical prediction of loads is the adoption of meshes that ensure grid independence and minimize the misalignment between the directional flow features and the grid cell interfaces, a situation that is known to give rise to nonphysical behaviors and spurious oscillations. The use of anisotropic unstructured grid adaptation is here presented as a means to ensure appropriate grid resolution and alignment with directional flow features for cases where the use of structured grids is not always possible or practical. Results highlight the effectiveness and reliability of anisotropic mesh adaptation in successfully predicting the location of shock discontinuities as well as surface aerothermodynamic quantities, while providing results comparable with established approaches relying on structured meshes. Results are presented for single- and multiple-body cases through comparison with experimental data and reference numerical solutions.

Investigation of water-soluble organic constituents and their spatio-temporal heterogeneity over the Tibetan Plateau

Investigating the migration and transformation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous matter in the cryosphere areas is crucial for understanding global biogeochemical cycle and earth's climate system. However, water-soluble organic constituents and their transformation in multiple water bodies are barely investigated. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and organic nitrogen (WSON), and particulate black carbon (PBC) in multiple types of water bodies in eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) cryosphere for the first time have been systematically investigated. Statistical results exhibited that from south to north and from east to west of this region, WSOC concentrations in alpine river runoff were gradually elevated. WSOC and nitrogenous matter in the alpine river runoff and precipitation in the glacier region presented distinct seasonal variations. WSON was the dominant component (63.4%) of water-soluble total nitrogen in precipitation over high-altitude southeastern TP cryosphere. Water-soluble carbonaceous matter dominated the carbon cycle in the TP cryosphere, but particulate carbonaceous matter in the alpine river runoff had a small fraction of the cryospheric carbon cycle. Analysis of optical properties illustrated that PBC had a much stronger light absorption ability (MAC-PBC: 2.28 ± 0.37 m2 g−1) than WSOC in the alpine river runoff (0.41 ± 0.26 m2 g−1). Ionic composition was dominated by SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ (average: 45.13 ± 3.75%) in the snow of glaciers, implying important contribution of (fossil fuel) combustion sources over this region. The results of this study have essential implications for understanding the carbon and nitrogen cycles in high altitude cryosphere regions of the world. Future work should be performed based on more robust in-situ observations and measurements from multiple environmental medium over the cryosphere areas, to ensure ecological protection and high-quality development of the high mountain Asia.

Magazine capacity limits and home security.

In response to several mass-casualty shootings in the United States, multiple legislative bodies have promoted or adopted laws that restrict the magazine capacity of firearms. The stated intent of these laws is to reduce the number of rounds a bad actor can fire in a mass-casualty situation. However, objectors argue that the laws not only are ineffective but could also cause an undue burden on the ability of law-abiding gun owners to protect themselves. Using agent-based simulation modeling, a home-invasion model including two-armed bad actors and a one-armed homeowner was created to test this hypothesis. The homeowner engaged the bad actors with different capacity magazines, and the survival rate was recorded and compared across the spectrum of capacities. This model showed that reducing the homeowner's magazine capacity resulted in an increased casualty rate for the homeowner.

A Pain in the Neck: An Adolescent with Neck Pain.

A Pain in the Neck: An Adolescent with Neck Pain.

Velocity decomposition approach for steady incompressible flow around multiple bodies

The CFD simulations for external flow problems can request high computational costs. To reduce these costs, viscous/inviscid interaction methodology based in the domains decomposition and the Helmholtz velocity decomposition has been developed. The calculation of viscous flow by the Navier–Stokes equations is made on a computational reduced domain. In this work, an interactive methodology is presented, which consists of: calculate the potential flow outside the rotational region, impose the potential flow velocity field as a boundary condition in the reduced domain boundary, calculate the transpiration velocity to correct the potential flow, recalculate the potential flow velocity field outside the rotational region, and update the boundary conditions on the reduced domain. To formulate the transpiration velocity, the velocity decomposition approach was used, but to calculate the transpiration, it is necessary determine the boundary of the rotational region, called rotational boundary, where the vorticity is negligible. For this, negligible vorticity criteria were developed to find that boundary; however, determining it can be a complex task, as is the case of flow around multiple bodies. Some techniques, which may include the use of an auxiliary surface, have been developed to facilitate the determination of the rotational boundary. Thus, two proposals were made in this work, first: the use of an auxiliary surface to determine the rotational boundary to multiple bodies cases; and second: a new negligible vorticity criterion based on the total pressure field. Calculations were performed in the viscous reduced domain for two-dimensional incompressible flow, around a single body and multiple bodies. The use of the present methodology allowed reducing the computational costs. The aerodynamic coefficients and viscous flow fields obtained in the reduced domain were satisfactory for such engineering problems.

Electromagnetic Models for Passive Detection and Localization of Multiple Bodies

The paper proposes a multi-body electromagnetic (EM) model for the quantitative evaluation of the influence of multiple human bodies in the surroundings of a radio link. Modeling of human-induced fading is the key element for the development of real-time Device-Free (or passive) Localization (DFL) and body occupancy tracking systems based on the processing of the Received Signal Strength (RSS) data recorded by radio-frequency devices. The proposed physical-statistical model, is able to relate the RSS measurements to the position, size, orientation, and random movements of people located in the link area. This novel EM model is thus instrumental for crowd sensing, occupancy estimation and people counting applications for indoor and outdoor scenarios. The paper presents the complete framework for the generic N-body scenario where the proposed EM model is based on the knife-edge approach that is generalized here for multiple targets. The EM-equivalent size of each target is then optimized to reproduce the body-induced alterations of the free space radio propagation. The predicted results are then compared against the full EM simulations obtained with a commercially available simulator. Finally, experiments are carried out to confirm the validity the proposed model using IEEE 802.15.4-compliant industrial radio devices.

Tectonics of the Basement of the Kara-Bogaz Arch (Turan Plate)

The Kara-Bogaz geoblock is interpreted by many researchers as a structure underlain by the Precambrian sialic crust, incorporated in the young (epi-Hercynian) Turan Plate. The paper presents the results of a detailed study of the material composition of igneous and metamorphic rocks making up the basement of the Kara-Bogaz Arch and recovered by deep boreholes. To subdivide and correlate the sections, we employed data of geophysical borehole surveys, including all types of logging. Microscopic examination of rocks was also performed to determine their composition, genesis, and degree of postsedimentation alterations. Data on absolute ages of rocks and paleontological data were also employed. The results of the work of our predecessors have been studied and critically analyzed. It is established that there are no direct indications of the continental crust older than Paleozoic in the basement of the Near-Kara-Bogaz region. The metamorphic units of the Kara-Bogaz Arch are represented by primary sedimentary and volcanosedimentary deposits that were altered at the stage of regional greenschist metamorphism. These rocks are intruded by granitoid bodies corresponding to the final stages of Hercynian tectogenesis. In parts spatially close to intrusions, the degree of secondary alterations in metamorphic rocks increases due to the thermal effect. Amphibolites of the Kara-Bogaz Arch are metamorphosed igneous rocks, which are closely associated with primary terrigenous deposits and have undergone subsequent metamorphosis (greenschist facies regional metamorphism). Gneisses of the discussed region refer to the marginal facies of granitoid plutons that formed as a result of metasomatic reworking of the host strata (protomagmatic gneissic banding). We think that the Kara-Bogaz Arch is a Hercynian megaanticlinorium of the young platform, and this does not exclude the possibility of fragments of more ancient crust in the structure of this arch. The sedimentary–metamorphic and volcanosedimentary rocks making it up and intruded by multiple granitoid bodies are units of the active margin.

Numerical simulations of flow around three cylinders using momentum exchange-based immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method

Wake flow behind multiple bluff bodies is of critical significance in ocean engineering and has important scientific significance in fluid mechanics and dynamics. Three cylinders arranged in side-by-side, tandem, equilateral-triangular, and staggered arrangements were extensively researched in the previous study. In this study, the flow passing through three cylinders in staggered and equilateral-triangular arrangement were numerical calculated using a momentum exchange-based immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. The numerical investigations for staggered arrangement were carried out by changing the Reynolds number (Re) from 10 to 200 with an increment of 1, and varying the gap ratio (δ = ΔP/D) from 0.1 to 8.0 with an increment of 0.1. The flow patterns of three equilateral-triangular cylinders with different gap ratios at Re = 100 were also numerical studied. The numerical results identified various flow patterns, and the variations of the above two parameters have a decisive influence on the vortex shedding patterns and flow properties. The drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and Strouhal number (St) were also surveyed to demonstrate the relationship among flow pattern, parameters δ and Re. The outcomes in this paper provide a relatively comprehensive understanding to the vortex shedding patterns and flow properties of three circular cylinders with different gap ratios and Reynolds number.

A case of breast squamous cell carcinoma following breast augmentation with liquid silicone injection after 16\xa0years

BackgroundBreast augmentation has been linked to various complications, including cancerous tumors. The majority type of breast cancer associated with breast augmentation is adenocarcinoma. Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is extremely rare in both augmented and non-augmented women. Due to the low incidence, the possible origin and the mechanism of carcinogenesis of the breast SCC are not well understood. Here, we report a rare case of pure SCC 16 years after breast augmentation with liquid silicone injection.Case presentationA 51-year-old Japanese woman was suffered from prolonged breast fluid retention in her left breast. Multiple unknown foreign bodies caused difficulties to investigate the inflammatory focus with ultrasonography. After unsuccessful surgical drainage and antibiotics treatments, the long-standing fluid retention was surgically removed and pathologically investigated. SCC was found in the removed tissue, and the patient underwent a total left mastectomy followed by postoperative chemotherapy. Pathological analysis revealed multiple cystic structures with a hard shell which enclosed high viscous liquid. A qualitative analysis using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscope defined the liquid as pure silicon, which possibly caused the squamous cell carcinogenesis.ConclusionsAlthough liquid silicone injection is not a current option for breast augmentation, the injected silicone could result in cancerous tumor generation after years. This case revealed that unphysiological substances could lead to unexpected biological reactions, which caused difficulties in diagnosis with our routine examination. It will be required that accumulate information from more cases and develop novel diagnostic equipment and biomarkers to address these artificial substance-derived tumors.