Multiple Bands Research Articles

Class-Imbalanced Machinery Fault Diagnosis Using Heterogeneous Data Fusion Support Tensor Machine

The monitoring signals of bearings from single-source sensor often contain limited information for characterizing various working condition, which may lead to instability and uncertainty of the class-imbalanced intelligent fault diagnosis. On the other hand, the vectorization of multi-source sensor signals may not only generate high-dimensional vectors, leading to increasing computational complexity and overfitting problems, but also lose the structural information and the coupling information. This paper proposes a new method for class-imbalanced fault diagnosis of bearing using support tensor machine (STM) driven by heterogeneous data fusion. The collected sound and vibration signals of bearings are successively decomposed into multiple frequency band components to extract various time-domain and frequency-domain statistical parameters. A third-order heterogeneous feature tensor is designed based on multi sensors, frequency band components and statistical parameters. STM based intelligent model is constructed to preserve the structural information of the third-order heterogeneous feature tensor for bearing fault diagnosis. A series of comparative experiments verify the advantages of the proposed method. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Enhancement of Crystal Growth in Molten Salts by a Cocrystallization Agent: Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Ce3+- and Eu2+-Doped La3(SiS4)2I.

In this study, we present the growth of large Ln3(SiS4)2I (Ln = La, Ce) crystals, both undoped and doped with Ce and Eu. The synthesis process involves the utilization of an arc-melted precursor in conjunction with sulfur and KI. We investigate the role of Zr, Nb, Mo, and Ir as cocrystallization agents, facilitating the growth of relatively large (up to 6-7 mm) crystals. Our study suggests that Mo effectively acts as a cocrystallization agent for the synthesis of the Ln3(SiS4)2I and Ce- and Eu-doped La3(SiS4)2I phosphors. We confirmed the phase purity and crystal structure through powder XRD and single-crystal XRD analyses. The Ce- and Eu-doped compositions exhibit broad-spectrum transitions from UV to visible regions. Photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis reveals distinct emission bands for Ce-doped La3(SiS4)2I at 430 and 490 nm within the bluish region (0.15, 0.22 coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram) upon excitation at 375 nm. Conversely, Eu-doped La3(SiS4)2I demonstrates an emission band at 578 nm in the yellow-orange (0.45, 0.51) region following excitation at 450 nm. Analysis of time-resolved spectra indicates multiple emissive bands contributing to the photoluminescence spectra. The average half-life of emission bands suggests fluorescence for (La1-xCex)3(SiS4)2I and phosphorescence for (La1-xEux)3(SiS4)2I phosphors.

Immunohistochemical Localization and Expression of Aquaporin 3-2 (AQP3C1) in the Spiny Dogfish, Squalus acanthias

The previously available coding region for the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) AQP3-2 gene was amplified from cDNAs using PCR. Agarose gel electrophoresis gave a band of the AQP3-2 coding region, as well as multiple smaller splice variant bands. The main AQP3-2 band and the largest and most fluorescently intense pair of these splice variant bands were cloned and sequenced. Amplifications were performed on a range of tissue cDNAs, but AQP3-2 was only expressed in the kidney and brain. Quantitative PCR amplifications using pre-existing kidney cDNA from an environmental salinity acclimation experiment showed that the abundance of mRNA from both the main AQP3-2 transcript and the largest splice variant (Splice Variant 1) was lower in 120% seawater (SW) acclimated fish, although only the values for Splice Variant 1 were statistically significant. A custom-made affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal AQP3-2 antibody was produced, and this gave four bands of around the correct sizes (which were 27 and 32 kDa) for the complete AQP3-2 and Splice Variant 1 proteins. Two of the bands may have been N-glycosylated forms of these proteins. Other bands were also present on the Western blot. No bands were present when the antibody was pre-blocked by the peptide antigen. In tissue sections of the dogfish kidney, immunohistochemical localization experiments showed that AQP3-2 was expressed in the early distal tubule (EDT) and late distal tubule (LDT) nephron segments. The results suggest that AQP3-2 may be involved in cell volume regulation in the EDT and water and urea absorption in the LDT nephron segment.

Differences in cerebral spontaneous neural activity correlate with gene-specific transcriptional signatures in primary angle-closure glaucoma.

This study was aimed to investigate frequency-specific LFO changes and their correlation with gene pathways in PACG using transcriptome-neuroimaging analysis. Resting-state fMRI (Rs-fMRI) data were acquired from individuals with PACG and healthy controls for evaluating the amplitude of low-frequency oscillations (ALFF) across different frequency bands such as the full band, slow-4 band, and slow-5 band. Transcriptome analysis integrated information from the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) through gene set enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction, and specific expression analysis, aiming to clarify the link between ALFF patterns and gene expression profiles in PACG. Statistical analyses, including one-sample t-tests and two-sample t-tests, were used to assess ALFF differences between groups, while partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to explore the associations between ALFF and transcriptome data. This study identifies significant variations in ALFF values in PACG patients, observed consistently across multiple frequency bands, including slow-4 and slow-5. Enrichment analysis indicates that these genes are primarily involved in cellular components such as the cytosol and cytoplasm, molecular functions like protein binding, and key pathways, including metabolic and circadian rhythms, epithelial signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, and glutathione metabolism. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis further underscores the role of PACG-related genes in forming a functional network, highlighting hub genes critical for various biological processes. This study establishes a connection between the molecular mechanisms of PACG and alterations in brain function and gene expression, providing valuable perspectives on the fundamental processes impacting low-frequency oscillations in PACG.

Seismic and outcrop-based 3D characterization of fault damage zones in sandstones, Rio do Peixe Basin, Brazil

Fault damage zones, composed of sub-seismic deformation structures, are difficult to detect using seismic data. Still, they can be related to fault throw, which is widely measured in the subsurface. This research employs a multiscale approach that integrates outcrop studies with seismic reflection data to investigate the attributes of fault damage zones affecting porous sandstones. We provide an in-depth understanding of the 3D fault zone volume, investigating correlations between geometric attributes of faults (width of damage zone, frequency of subsidiaries structures, and fault termination) in the outcrop and the fault throw in the subsurface, with insights from deformation mechanisms within the fault zone. The methods encompass 1D scanlines to constrain the damage zone width on the outcrop. At the same time, the subsurface analysis uses 3D seismic data, seismic attributes, and deep learning neural network (DNN) fault volumes to interpret fault geometries and quantify fault throw at different depths. Results show that the area presents a complex fault zone with multiple fault sets, deformation bands, and fracture corridors trending mainly NE-SW, NW-SE, and E-W. The integration of surface and subsurface fault data enabled the identification of two portions in each fault set outcropping at the fault tip for E-W/ESE-WNW-striking faults and the central part of the fault for NE-SW-striking faults. Faults with the greatest length do not outcrop with the largest damage zone width since they are outcropping the tip of the fault. The parallel faults overlap their damage zones, increasing the deformation zones in the affected sandstones. Fault throw and damage zone width present a positive correlation. This relation is affected by fault segments and subsidiary faults.

Detection of the lowest mass ratio contact binary in the universe: TYC 3801-1529-1

This paper presents the first analysis of the contact binary TYC 3801-1529-1. We observed four sets of multiple bands complete light curves and one set of radial velocity curve of the primary component. Based on a simultaneous investigation of our observed and TESS light curves and the radial velocity curve, we found that TYC 3801-1529-1 is an extremely low-mass-ratio, medium contact binary with $q=0.0356$, with the contribution of the third light at a level of about 10<!PCT!>. Its mass ratio is lower than V1187 Her, making TYC 3801-1529-1 the lowest mass-ratio contact binary ever found in the universe. The light curves observed in 2022 are asymmetric, which is aptly explained by a hot spot on the primary component. A 16-year eclipse timings analysis indicates a secular increase orbital period with a rate of dp/dt$=7.96( $ d yr$^ $. We studied the stability of this target and identified that not only the value of $J_ spin /J_ orb $, but also the mass ratio surpass the unstable boundary. Hence, TYC 3801-1529-1 presents a challenge to theoretical research and ought to be considered a progenitor of a contact binary merger.

Observation of two-dimensional time-reversal broken non-Abelian topological states

Going beyond the conventional theory, non-Abelian band topology reveals the global quantum geometry of multiple Bloch bands and unveils a new paradigm for topological physics. However, to date, experimental studies on non-Abelian topological states beyond one dimension are still restricted to systems with time-reversal (T\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\mathcal{T}}}$$\\end{document}) symmetry. Here, exploiting a designer gyromagnetic photonic crystal, we find rich T\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\mathcal{T}}}$$\\end{document}-broken non-Abelian topological phases and their transitions with an unexpected connection to multigap antichiral edge states. By in-situ tuning the magnetic field in the gyromagnetic photonic crystal, we can create, braid, merge, and split the non-Abelian topological nodes in a unique way. Alongside this process, the multigap antichiral edge states can be tuned versatilely, giving rise to topological edge waveguiding with frequency-dependent directionality. These findings open a new avenue for non-Abelian topological physics and topological photonics.

Ultrahigh-resolution broadband spectrometer based on grating-beamsplitter interferometer

An ultrahigh-resolution broadband spectrometer based on a grating-beamsplitter interferometer is presented, in which a transmission grating serves not only as a beamsplitter for the interferometer but also as a dispersive element to divide a wide spectral band into multiple narrow spectral bands. The distinctive design reduces the number of optical components of the instrument and simplifies the structure of the instrument. For one scan period, this spectrometer generates multiple interferograms simultaneously, each interferogram covering a separate wavelength range is received by a separate pixel of the linear detector, and the sum of the spectra recovered from all interferograms constitutes a continuous broadband spectrum. The relevant formulas and preliminary design calculation are provided. The simulation is shown by two examples within the spectral range from 300 nm to 500 nm and 900 nm to 1600 nm. This spectrometer will be suitable for ultrahigh-resolution broadband spectral measurements.

Design of a Multiband Antenna Using Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network for IoT Applications

ABSTRACTThe rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications presents unprecedented challenges for antenna design, demanding solutions that are versatile, efficient, and capable of operating across multiple frequency bands. This paper addresses these challenges through the development of a design of a multiband antenna using Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network for IoT applications (DMA‐ACWGAN‐IoT). Here, the Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (ACWGAN) is employed to generate synthetic data representing electromagnetic field distributions and antenna characteristics across various frequencies. The proposed metamaterial‐based Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) antenna contains four discrete elements, each provided by a micro strip feed. The structures overall width and length are 60 and 52 mm. The metamaterial is printed on a patch and dispersed from the fields with the most effective coupling. The proposed structures strong impedance bandwidth works at 8.3 GHz, 10.8 GHz, 12.3 GHz, 13.7 GHz, 16.1 GHz, and 18.1 GHz, fabricating the proposed antenna prototype using a substrate made of FR‐4 material. The proposed DMA‐ACWGAN‐IoT design provides 6.5 dB maximum gain and 25.40%, 21.60%, and 20.05% higher efficiency compared to existing dual band antenna design with resonance frequency prediction under machine learning models (DBA‐PRF‐ML), machine learning verification depending on a distinctive SWB multiple slotted four‐port high isolated MIMO antenna loaded with metasurface for the applications of IoT (SWB‐MIMO‐IOT‐ML), and dual‐band miniaturized composite right–left‐handed transmission line ZOR antenna along machine learning method for microwave communication (DB‐ZORA‐MC‐ML).

Double Gold/Nitrogen Nanosecond-Laser-Doping of Gold-Coated Silicon Wafer Surfaces in Liquid Nitrogen

A novel double-impurity doping process for silicon (Si) surfaces was developed, utilizing nanosecond-laser melting of an 11 nm thick gold (Au) top film and a Si wafer substrate in a laser plasma-activated liquid nitrogen (LN) environment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a fluence- and exposure-independent surface micro-spike topography, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified minor Au (~0.05 at. %) and major N (~1–2 at. %) dopants localized within a 0.5 μm thick surface layer and the slight surface post-oxidation of the micro-relief (oxygen (O), ~1.5–2.5 at. %). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to identify the bound surface (SiNx) and bulk doping chemical states of the introduced nitrogen (~10 at. %) and the metallic (<0.01 at. %) and cluster (<0.1 at. %) forms of the gold dopant, and it was used to evaluate their depth distributions, which were strongly affected by the competition between gold dopants due to their marginal local concentrations and the other more abundant dopants (N, O). In this study, 532 nm Raman microspectroscopy indicated a slight reduction in the crystalline order revealed in the second-order Si phonon band; the tensile stresses or nanoscale dimensions of the resolidified Si nano-crystallites envisioned by the main Si optical–phonon peak; a negligible a-Si abundance; and a low-wavenumber peak of the Si3N4 structure. In contrast, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance and transmittance studies exhibited only broad structureless absorption bands in the range of 600–5500 cm−1 related to dopant absorption and light trapping in the surface micro-relief. The room-temperature electrical characteristics of the laser double-doped Si layer—a high carrier mobility of 1050 cm2/Vs and background carrier sheet concentration of ~2 × 1010 cm−2 (bulk concentration ~1014–1015 cm−3)—are superior to previously reported parameters of similar nitrogen-implanted/annealed Si samples. This novel facile double-element laser-doping procedure paves the way to local maskless on-demand introductions of multiple intra-gap intermediate donor and acceptor bands in Si, providing related multi-wavelength IR photoconductivity for optoelectronic applications.

Western Blot Characterization of Human Serum Prestin, an Outer Hair Cell Biomarker.

Western blot analysis of human prestin in the blood reveals multiple bands, rather than a single band. Previously, using the ELISA method, prestin was shown to be a good biomarker of outer hair cell (OHC) health and sensorineural hearing loss that could be measured in the blood. Recently, we found that a Western blot approach in an experimental model demonstrated three prestin bands providing greater insights into prestin in the blood and its origins. This approach has not yet been explored in humans. Serum samples from 25 healthy human subjects were analyzed. An automated Western blot for each sample was generated, and bands were analyzed and compared with transient evoked otoacoustic emission levels (TEOAE). There were five bands at ~32, ~50, ~94, ~139, and ~171 kDa, respectively. Notably, the ~50-kDa band consistently was the most prominent. When the subjects were divided based on TEOAE level, those with high emission levels had a significantly larger ~94-kDa band than those with low emission levels. Western blot characterization of OHC biomarker prestin in humans shows that the band closest to the previously estimated molecular weight of prestin (81 kDa) is related to a functional measure of OHCs. This finding increases confidence in the value of serum prestin as a biomarker. The Western blot method appears to offer higher-resolution information on serum prestin. Future work will be carried out under pathological conditions to inform on the application of this quantitative method in clinical settings.

A high-precision two-parameter road roughness grading and identification methodology across multiple frequency intervals

Based on a dual track road shape meter, various road roughness was measured. It was discovered that the road grading method in ISO 8608 assumes a constant waviness value of W = 2 with a one-straight line approximation, but it could not accurately fit and grade the measured road roughness. A high-precision piecewise fitting function for the low-frequency and high-frequency parts of the road roughness power spectral density (PSD) is established. A high-precision two-parameter grade method in multiple frequency bands for road roughness is proposed ( G q( n0), the geometric average of the road roughness index at n0, W, the waviness, is the slope of the road roughness PSD fitting expression in the double logarithmic coordinate system). According to the vehicle driving performance obtained by simulation, the grading method is verified. For Paved and Undulating roads, compared to the road roughness classification method in ISO 8608, the performance simulated based on the grade results of the two parameters grading method are closer to the performance simulated based on the measured road roughness. The grading method proposed in this paper can more accurately fit and classify the measured road roughness. The influence of these parameters at each frequency interval on vehicle driving performance is studied. A two-parameter identification method for road roughness PSD at variable intervals over a large frequency range is proposed. In the double logarithmic coordinate system, this method divides the selected spatial frequency into three sub-intervals along the abscissa, in each sub-interval, the parameters G q( n0) and W are identified separately. This method can provide effective control inputs for the vehicle’s active or semi-active suspension system.

Formulation of Envelope Correlation Coefficient for Multiple Sensors Based on Scattering Parameter

The Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is crucial for assessing multiple sensor systems in wireless communication, sensing, and microwave imaging. ECC measures signal similarity between sensors, with higher values (close to 1.00) indicating strong correlation. Efficient power transmission, reception, and multiband path transmission enhance sensor network performance by improving data rates and reliability through multiple frequency bands. This study uses scattering parameters to calculate ECC for four different sensors in a single arrangement. Most of the sensors exhibit higher correlation at f2 and f3, while f1 shows a low ECC.

Tomography of flavoured leptogenesis with primordial blue gravitational waves

We explore a scenario where an early epoch of matter domination is driven by the mass scale MN of the right-handed neutrinos, which also characterizes the different flavour regimes of leptogenesis. Such a matter-domination epoch gives rise to peculiar spectral imprints on primordial Gravitational Waves (GWs) produced during inflation. We point out that the characteristic spectral features are detectable in multiple frequency bands with current and future GW experiments in case of Blue GWs (BGWs) described by a power-law with a positive spectral index (nT > 0) and an amplitude compatible with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements at the CMB scale. We find that the three-flavour leptogenesis regime with MN ≲ 109 GeV imprints BGWs more prominently than the two-flavour and one-flavour regimes characterized by a higher right-handed neutrino mass. In particular, a two-flavour (three-flavour) leptogenesis regime is expected to leave distinct imprints in the mHz–Hz (μHz–mHz) band. Moreover, we translate the current Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and LIGO limits on the GW energy density into constraints on the flavour leptogenesis parameter space for different GW spectral indices nT . We provide a rigorous statistical analysis of how the future GW detectors would be conjointly able to distinguish the flavour regimes. Interestingly, the scenario also offers unique GW signals testable in the next LIGO run with a correlated signature in the PTA frequency band with an amplitude comparable to the one expected from supermassive black holes.

Challenges and analysis of combining FR1 and FR2 bands using 5G carrier aggregation

Abstract As 5G networks evolve to meet increasing demands for high-speed data, the integration of Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) bands has emerged as a key focus. While FR1 offers broad coverage, FR2 (mmWave) provides high capacity but faces challenges such as high propagation loss and susceptibility to blockage. Carrier Aggregation (CA) in 5G allows for the simultaneous utilization of multiple frequency bands, enhancing overall network capacity and performance by combining FR1 and FR2 resources. This study evaluates the effectiveness of CA in integrating FR1 and FR2 bands, comparing it to single-band operation. Simulations reveal that while CA improves overall throughput, significant differences in link capacity can lead to performance issues in specific scenarios. We propose a solution to mitigate these issues, which is validated through further simulations.

Predicting the intelligibility of Mandarin Chinese with manipulated and intact tonal information for normal-hearing listeners.

Objective indices for predicting speech intelligibility offer a quick and convenient alternative to behavioral measures of speech intelligibility. However, most such indices are designed for a specific language, such as English, and they do not take adequate account of tonal information in speech when applied to languages like Mandarin Chinese (hereafter called Mandarin) for which the patterns of fundamental frequency (F0) variation play an important role in distinguishing speech sounds with similar phonetic content. To address this, two experiments with normal-hearing listeners were conducted examining: (1) The impact of manipulations of tonal information on the intelligibility of Mandarin sentences presented in speech-shaped noise (SSN) at several signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs); (2) The intelligibility of Mandarin sentences with intact tonal information presented in SSN, pink noise, and babble at several SNRs. The outcomes were not correctly predicted by the Hearing Aid Speech Perception Index (HASPI-V1). A new intelligibility metric was developed that used one acoustic feature from HASPI-V1 plus Hilbert time envelope and temporal fine structure information from multiple frequency bands. For the new metric, the Pearson correlation between obtained and predicted intelligibility was 0.923 and the root mean square error was 0.119. The new metric provides a potential tool for evaluating Mandarin intelligibility.

Experimental study on multiscale strain localisation based on soil cell element model

The granular and natural characteristics of soil introduce size effects to its deformation and strength properties. Therefore, investigating the phenomenon of strain localisation in soil requires a multi-scale characterisation. This study examined the intrinsic scale patterns in samples with different sizes of reinforcing particles through triaxial compression tests. Additionally, the formation mechanism of microscopic shear bands was investigated using numerical simulation methods. Drawing from the soil cell model theory, the average strain energy release coefficient was introduced to validate the transformation of the overall strain energy of the specimen after reaching the peak stress. This reflects the progressive initiation and competitive process of multiple bands. The results indicate that samples with different sizes and types of reinforcing particles exhibit various failure patterns, including single-type, ‘x’-shaped, ‘v’-shaped, parallel and others. The soil exhibits size effects, with the ratio of intrinsic scale to particle size decreasing as the size of reinforcing particles increases. Prior to the stress peak, non-elastic dissipation energy begins to increase, indicating the initiation of plastic deformation in the soil. Localised strain zones are activated, and after the peak, there is a sharp increase in stress within the shear bands, accompanied by rebound outside the band.

Center-Highlighted Multiscale CNN for Classification of Hyperspectral Images

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) capture a wide range of spectral features across multiple bands of light, from visible to near-infrared. Hyperspectral image classification technology enables researchers to accurately identify and analyze the composition and distribution of surface materials. Current mainstream deep learning methods typically use block sampling to capture spatial features for the model. However, this approach can affect classification results due to the influence of neighboring features within the sample block. To improve the model’s focus on the center of the sampling block, this study proposes a center highlight with multiscale CNN for hyperspectral image classification (CHMSC). The network utilizes an automatic channel selector (Auto-CHS) to fully consider every channel feature and capture the correlation between the channels. Then, CHMSC enhances the model’s ability to concentrate on the central features of the sampling block utilizing structures such as the center highlight. Finally, before outputting the prediction results, an SENet is employed to further refine the features and learn associate interactions between different scales of spatial features and spectral features. Experimental results from three hyperspectral datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, when 15 samples from each class are selected for training, CHMSC achieves the highest overall accuracy (OA) of 90.05%, 92.78%, and 90.15% on the three datasets, outperforming other methods with increases of more than 3.11%, 1.8%, and 2.01% in OA, respectively.

A case study of consecutive pregnancies in a woman with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension

Pregnancy in women with liver cirrhosis is a high-risk one that requires multidisciplinary care. Variceal bleeding occurs in up to half of women having associated portal hypertension and confers the greatest risk. Despite advances made in the management of such cases, maternal morbidity remains high. Pregnancy is rare in women with liver cirrhosis due to reduced natural fertility rates. We report a case of two consecutive pregnancies in a woman with liver cirrhosis. A 29-year-old primipara with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension who had been on tenofovir for the past seven years. The first pregnancy was spontaneously conceived but the second was by assisted conception. Both pregnancies were complicated by recurrent episodes of variceal bleeding that necessitated multiple endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVBL) during pregnancy. Medical advancement has enabled women with cirrhosis to have more pregnancies with reduced maternal and perinatal morbidities. Multidisciplinary management is vital to achieving favourable pregnancy outcomes.

Topological signatures of triply degenerate fermions in Heusler alloys: an ab initio study

Triply degenerate nodal point (TP) fermions, lacking elementary particle counterparts, have been theoretically anticipated as quasiparticle excitations near specific band crossing points constrained by distinct space-group symmetries instead of Lorentz invariance. Here, based onfirst-principlescalculations and symmetry analysis, we demonstrate the presence of TP fermions in Heusler alloys. Furthermore, we predict that these Heusler alloys are dynamically stable, exhibiting TP fermions along four distinctC3axes in the F-43m space group. We show thatα-LiCaPdSb harbours peculiar Fermi arcs and surface states on the (111) and (001) crystal facets, owing to the coexistence of threefold rotational and time reversal symmetry. More interestingly, a modest tensile strain can increase the distance of fermions along the Γ-Lhigh symmetric line by as much as 21.10%, which give rise to measurable Fermi arcs. Furthermore, we investigate non-trivial topological insulator phase inβ-LiCaPdSb, by changing the chemical environment through placing transition metal atoms at various Wyckoff positions. Theβ-LiCaPdSb harbour a semi-metallic nature, and by breaking cubic symmetry, it undergoes a transition from semi-metal to a non-trivial topological insulator. In addition, for the first time, rare-earth LaPtBi half-Heusler alloy is examined under strain to uncover multiple band inversions associated with the TP fermionic phase. The observed multiple band inversion is entirely unaffected by spin-orbit coupling. We show that the LaPtBi compound hosts TP fermions, which are linked to aZ2topological invariant. Remarkably, with clear band crossings and multiple band inversion, we point out the possibilities of the LaPtBi for displaying a rich topological phase diagram. Our work provides a prototype material platform for experimental detection through angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy or scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and practical spintronic applications.