Multiple Allergens Research Articles

Reagent-free detection of multiple allergens in gluten-free flour using NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Reagent-free detection of multiple allergens in gluten-free flour using NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Clinical features of chronic fungal rhinosinusitis in Korean geriatric and non-geriatric patients.

Worldwide, the incidence of chronic fungal rhinosinusitis (CFRS) has increased. Although ageing leads to weakening of the immune system, which increases susceptibility to CFRS, the CFRS characteristics in geriatric patients are unclear. Therefore, we comparatively analysed the clinical characteristics of CFRS in geriatric and non-geriatric patients. This retrospective analysis compared the demographics, rhinologic symptoms, multiple allergen simultaneous tests, olfactory function tests, paranasal sinus computed tomography findings, and outcomes of 131 patients with CFRS who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and 131 enrolled patients were divided in geriatric (> 65years) and non-geriatric (≤ 65years) groups. Among the geriatric and non-geriatric participants (n = 65, 49.6% and n = 66, 50.4%, respectively), hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more common in the geriatric group. Demographics, including symptoms, showed no significant intergroup differences. Normosmia and hyposmia were significantly less prevalent, whereas phantosmia and parosmia were more prevalent in the geriatric group than in the non-geriatric group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Sphenoidal sinus involvement was significantly higher in geriatric patients than in non-geriatric patients (p = 0.02). Based on greater sphenoidal sinus involvement, a deeper anatomical area is more vulnerable to fungal infection in the geriatric group than in the non-geriatric group. Increasing clinicians' awareness of CFRS in geriatric patients with olfactory dysfunction, including phantosmia and parosmia, is important for early intervention.

Early inhalant allergen sensitization at component level: an analysis in atopic Dutch children.

Allergic rhinitis is a common respiratory disease in children and sensitization to inhalant allergens plays a significant role in its development. However, limited knowledge exists regarding sensitization profiles of inhalant allergen components in atopic children, particularly in the very young individuals. Understanding these profiles could provide insights into the early development of allergic rhinitis. The objective of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to evaluate the IgE-sensitization profiles to multiple inhalant allergen components and their clinical relevance in Dutch atopic children, with specific focus on children under the age of 4 years. A total of 243 atopic children were included in the study and sensitization profiles were analyzed using multiplex microarray analysis (ISAC). Clinical information was obtained from records of a pediatric allergy outpatient clinic between 2011 and 2020. Specific IgE responses to inhalation allergen components from five allergen sources (grass pollen, tree pollen, house dust mite, cat and dog), were examined. The study encompassed children of different age groups and compared those with and without symptoms. The results demonstrated that sensitization to inhalant allergen components was present in 92% of the cohort. Sensitization was already evident at a young age (87%), including infancy, with a rapid increase in prevalence after 1 year of age. House dust mite emerged as the most predominant sensitizing allergen in early childhood, followed by tree pollen in later years. Sensitization patterns were similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic children, although symptomatic children exhibited higher frequencies and values. The sensitization profiles in very young children were comparable to those of children across all age groups. These findings highlight the presence of sensitization to inhalant allergen components and the early onset of allergic rhinitis before the age of 4, including infancy, in Dutch atopic children. Notable allergen molecules in Dutch atopic children under the age of 4 years include Bet v 1, Fel d 1, Der f 1, Der p 1, Der p 10 and Phl p 4, with house dust mite sensitization being the most common among Dutch infants. Moreover, the prevalence of sensitization to inhalant allergens in this Dutch cohort surpassed that of general European populations, emphasizing the importance of early assessment and management of allergic rhinitis in young atopic children.

Food Allergens of Plant Origin.

This review presents an update on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food allergens in plant sources, focusing on the few protein families that contribute to multiple food allergens from different species and protein families recently found to contain food allergens. The structures and structural components of the food allergens in the allergen families may provide further directions for discovering new food allergens. Answers as to what makes some food proteins allergens are still elusive. Factors to be considered in mitigating food allergens include the abundance of the protein in a food, the property of short stretches of the sequence of the protein that may constitute linear IgE binding epitopes, the structural properties of the protein, its stability to heat and digestion, the food matrix the protein is in, and the antimicrobial activity to the microbial flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, recent data suggest that widely used techniques for mapping linear IgE binding epitopes need to be improved by incorporating positive controls, and methodologies for mapping conformational IgE binding epitopes need to be developed.

Sensitization trajectories to multiple allergen components in a population-based birth-cohort.

The characteristics of allergic sensitization profiles can differ between populations and geographic regions, contributing differently to the association with allergic diseases. Consequently, the sensitization trajectories found in previous studies conducted in Northern Europe may not apply in Southern European countries. To identify trajectories of allergic sensitization profiles during childhood and evaluate the association with allergic outcomes, using data from a Portuguese birth cohort. A random sample from Generation XXI was screened for allergic sensitization at 10 years of age. Among 452 allergic sensitized children, 186 were tested with ImmunoCAP™ ISAC multiplex array that detects 112 molecular components, at three follow-ups (4, 7, and 10 years old). Information on allergic outcomes (asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) was obtained at the 13-year-old follow-up. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify clusters of participants with similar sensitization profiles. Then, sensitization trajectories were defined based on the most prevalent transitions between clusters over time. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between sensitization trajectories and allergic diseases. Five trajectories were proposed: "no/few sensitizations," "early persistent house dust mites (HDM)," "early HDM and persistent/late grass pollen," "late grass pollen," and "late HDM." The "early HDM and persistent/late grass pollen" trajectory was associated with rhinitis and "early persistent HDM" with asthma and rhinitis. Distinct sensitization trajectories pose different risks in the development of allergic diseases. These trajectories present some differences from those in Northern European countries and are important for planning adequate prevention health plans.

Multiple imputation of more than one environmental exposure with nondifferential measurement error.

Measurement error is common in environmental epidemiologic studies, but methods for correcting measurement error in regression models with multiple environmental exposures as covariates have not been well investigated. We consider a multiple imputation approach, combining external or internal calibration samples that contain information on both true and error-prone exposures with the main study data of multiple exposures measured with error. We propose a constrained chained equations multiple imputation (CEMI) algorithm that places constraints on the imputation model parameters in the chained equations imputation based on the assumptions of strong nondifferential measurement error. We also extend the constrained CEMI method to accommodate nondetects in the error-prone exposures in the main study data. We estimate the variance of the regression coefficients using the bootstrap with two imputations of each bootstrapped sample. The constrained CEMI method is shown by simulations to outperform existing methods, namely the method that ignores measurement error, classical calibration, and regression prediction, yielding estimated regression coefficients with smaller bias and confidence intervals with coverage close to the nominal level. We apply the proposed method to the Neighborhood Asthma and Allergy Study to investigate the associations between the concentrations of multiple indoor allergens and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide level among asthmatic children in New York City. The constrained CEMI method can be implemented by imposing constraints on the imputation matrix using the mice and bootImpute packages in R.

Milk Allergen Micro-Array (MAMA) for Refined Detection of Cow's-Milk-Specific IgE Sensitization.

Immunoglobulin-E(IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to cow's milk allergens is a frequent cause of severe and life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Besides case histories and controlled food challenges, the detection of the IgE antibodies specific to cow's milk allergens is important for the diagnosis of cow-milk-specific IgE sensitization. Cow´s milk allergen molecules provide useful information for the refined detection of cow-milk-specific IgE sensitization. A micro-array based on ImmunoCAP ISAC technology was developed and designated milk allergen micro-array (MAMA), containing a complete panel of purified natural and recombinant cow's milk allergens (caseins, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin-BSA and lactoferrin), recombinant BSA fragments, and α-casein-, α-lactalbumin- and β-lactoglobulin-derived synthetic peptides. Sera from 80 children with confirmed symptoms related to cow's milk intake (without anaphylaxis: n = 39; anaphylaxis with a Sampson grade of 1-3: n = 21; and anaphylaxis with a Sampson grade of 4-5: n = 20) were studied. The alterations in the specific IgE levels were analyzed in a subgroup of eleven patients, i.e., five who did not and six who did acquire natural tolerance. The use of MAMA allowed a component-resolved diagnosis of IgE sensitization in each of the children suffering from cow's-milk-related anaphylaxis according to Sampson grades 1-5 requiring only 20-30 microliters of serum. IgE sensitization to caseins and casein-derived peptides was found in each of the children with Sampson grades of 4-5. Among the grade 1-3 patients, nine patients showed negative reactivity to caseins but showed IgE reactivity to alpha-lactalbumin (n = 7) or beta-lactoglobulin (n = 2). For certain children, an IgE sensitization to cryptic peptide epitopes without detectable allergen-specific IgE was found. Twenty-four children with cow-milk-specific anaphylaxis showed additional IgE sensitizations to BSA, but they were all sensitized to either caseins, alpha-lactalbumin, or beta-lactoglobulin. A total of 17 of the 39 children without anaphylaxis lacked specific IgE reactivity to any of the tested components. The children developing tolerance showed a reduction in allergen and/or peptide-specific IgE levels, whereas those remaining sensitive did not. The use of MAMA allows for the detection, using only a few microliters of serum, of IgE sensitization to multiple cow's milk allergens and allergen-derived peptides in cow-milk-allergic children with cow-milk-related anaphylaxis.

Analysis of Specific Allergens in the Serum of Patients with Allergic Diseases in the Shanxi Region of China

The aim of this study is to analyze the distribution characteristics of specific allergens based on the immunoglobulin E (IgE) test, performed using the sera of patients with allergic diseases in the Shanxi region of China. Sera from 3141 patients with allergic diseases were analyzed with immunoblotting for IgE antibodies specific to inhaled and ingested allergens. The distribution of allergens and association with factors such as disease profile, sex, age, and cosensitization of the patients who tested positive were analyzed. The most common positive rate of IgE specific to inhaled allergens was mugwort, followed by dust mite mix and common ragweed. The most common positive rate of IgE specific to ingested allergens was crab, followed by egg white and sea fish mix. When analyzed according to disease profile, mugwort was the most common allergen in asthma, rhinitis, and asthma combined with rhinitis. When analyzed by season, the allergens with the highest positive rates included tree mix (willow/poplar/elm), common ragweed, mugwort, and hop pollen from July through September. When analyzed by age, the allergens with the highest positive rates were tree mix, common ragweed, hop, house dust, cow’s milk, mutton/lamb, and peanut in participants aged 0–18 years and egg white in those aged ≥60 years. The radar charts showed cosensitization to multiple allergens. In the Shanxi region, the primary inhaled allergens were mugwort, dust mite mix (1: house dust mite/dust mite), and common ragweed. The primary ingested allergens were crab, egg white, and sea fish mix. There were differences in the positive rates of the allergens between genders, age groups, and seasons, and multiple allergens can cosensitize patients.

Self-reported adverse reactions to subcutaneous airborne allergen immunotherapy: a real-life, single center study.

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of self-reported adverse reactions (AdR) to subcutaneous airborne allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) and to describe factors associated with its occurrence. Methods. Real-life, observational, descriptive study of all patients treated with SCIT at a Portuguese allergy unit between 03/2017 and 06/2019, and who answered ≥1 time to a pre-SCIT evaluation questionnaire assessing the occurrence of local and/or systemic AdR in the previous administration. Results. 939 questionnaires from 231 patients (42% female, 35% with asthma) were included. Most (60%) SCIT preparations had multiple allergens with concentration adjusted to prevent dilution (MA-NoDil), 26% were single allergen with standard concentration (SA-SC), 10% single allergen with higher than standard concentration (SA-HC), and 4% mixtures without concentration adjustment (MA-Dil). SCIT-related AdR were self-reported in 313 (33%) administrations, 97% at the injection site and 11% grade 1 systemic symptoms. In a multivariable model, being a female and having asthma were associated with higher risk of AdR. MA-NoDil SCIT presented a lower risk of AdR compared to SA-SC SCIT. Conclusions. SCIT-related AdR were self-reported in 1/3 of the administrations, most at the injection site. The risk of AdR was higher in females and in patients with asthma. The lower risk of adverse reactions observed in SCIT preparations with multiple allergens with no dilutional effect should be further explored in future, targeted studies.

Serological analysis of allergic components of house dust mite provides more insight in epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptom development in North China.

House dust mite (HDM) is the most common airborne source causing complex allergy symptoms. There are geographic differences in the allergen molecule sensitization profiles. Serological testing with allergen components may provide more clues for diagnosis and clinical management. This study aims to investigate the sensitization profile of eight HDM allergen components in a large number of patients enrolled in the clinic and to analyze the relation of gender, age, and clinical symptoms in North China. The 548 serum samples of HDM-allergic patients (ImmunoCAP® d1 or d2 IgE ≥0.35) were collected in Beijing City and divided in four different age groups and three allergic symptoms. The specific IgE of HDM allergenic components, Der p 1/Der f 1, Der p 2/Der f 2, Der p 7, Der p 10, Der p 21, and Der p 23, was measured using the micro-arrayed allergen test kit developed by Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., Ltd. The new system was validated by comparing to single-component Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 23 tests by ImmunoCAP in 39 sera. The epidemiological study of these IgE profiles and the relation to age and clinical phenotypes were analyzed. A greater proportion of male patients was in the younger age groups, while more female patients were in the adult groups. Both the sIgE levels and the positive rates (approximately 60%) against Der p 1/Der f 1 and Der p 2/Der f 2 were higher than for the Der p 7, Der p 10, and Der p 21 components (below 25%). The Der f 1 and Der p 2 positive rates were higher in 2-12-year-old children. The Der p 2 and Der f 2 IgE levels and positive rates were higher in the allergic rhinitis group. The positive rates of Der p 10 increased significantly with age. Der p 21 is relevant in allergic dermatitis symptom, while Der p 23 contributes to asthma development. HDM groups 1 and 2 were the major sensitizing allergens, with group 2 being the most important component relevant to respiratory symptoms in North China. The Der p 10 sensitization tends to increase with age. Der p 21 and Der p 23 might be associated with the development of allergic skin disease and asthma, respectively. Multiple allergen sensitizations increased the risk of allergic asthma.

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Components of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices and Their Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Background: Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to components of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are rare but difficult to differentiate from device infection. Data on best management strategies of HSRs to CIEDs are lacking. The aims of this systematic review are to summarise the available literature on the aetiology, diagnosis and management of HSR in CIED patients and to provide guidance on best management strategies for these patients. Methods and results: A systematic search for publications on HSR to CIED in PubMed from January 1970 to November 2022 was conducted, resulting in 43 publications reporting on 57 individual cases. The quality of data was low. The mean age was 57 ± 21 years, and 48% of patients were women. The mean time from implant to diagnosis was 29 ± 59 months. Multiple allergens were identified in 11 patients (19%). In 14 cases (25%) no allergen was identified. Blood tests were mostly normal (55%), but eosinophilia (23%), raised inflammatory markers (18%) and raised immunoglobulin E (5%) were also encountered. Symptoms included local reactions, systemic reactions or both in 77%, 21% and 7% of patients, respectively. Explantation of CIED and reimplantation of another CIED coated with a non-allergenic material was usually successful. Use of topical or systemic steroids was associated with high failure rates. Conclusion: Based on the limited data available, the treatment of choice for HSRs to CIEDs is full CIED removal, reassessment of CIED indication and reimplantation of devices coated in non-allergenic materials. Steroids (topical/systemic) have limited efficiency and should not be used. There is an urgent need for further research in this field.

Association between poly-sensitisation and sensitisation to staphylococcal enterotoxin A and B affecting allergic severity in children.

Accumulating evidence suggests that Staphylococcus aureus plays a significant role as a disease modifier in upper and lower airway diseases. We aimed to assess the association between staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with allergic diseases and the degree of allergen sensitisation in children, which remains unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 455 patients aged 3-18years between March 2018 and March 2022. Clinical history and demographic data were obtained. The baseline study included paranasal sinus X-ray scan, multiple allergen simultaneous test, and ImmunoCAP® for measuring serum total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to allergens and staphylococcal enterotoxin A and B (SEA and SEB). The mean age was 9.77 ± 4.3years. 133 patients (29.2%) were sensitised to one inhalant allergen, and 188 patients (41.3%) showed polysensitisation. Patients sensitised to SEs showed higher total and specific IgE levels and total eosinophil counts compared to non-SE-sensitised patients. Sensitisation to SEs is closely associated with polysensitisation to inhalant allergens and allergic multimorbidity. When the SE-IgE value was 0.35 or higher, the odds ratio for allergen polysensitisation was significantly higher than when the SE-IgE value was lower than 0.35. Association between polysensitisation and sensitisation to SEs in children shows the higher the specific IgE levels for SEs, the higher the likelihood of polysensitisation. Considering the relationship between polysensitisation, high IgE levels, and the severity of allergic morbidity, sensitisation to SEs is thought to be related to allergy severity.

Prevelance of Common Aeroallergens in Allergic Rhinitis and its Correlation with Bronchial Asthma: A Study on 798 Patients by Skin Prick Test.

Allergic rhinitis affects 30% of the Indian population (Dey et al. in Int Arch Allergy Immunol 178:60-65, 2019). Patients can be sensitive to single or multiple allergens. Polysensitization is more common (Bousquet et al. in Ann Epidemiol 20:797-803, 2010; Arbes et al. in J Allergy Clin Immunol 116:377-383, 2005). Sensitization to multiple allergens may have a role in the severity and the association of Asthma in such patients. A total of 798 patients with allergic rhinitis (SFAR ≥ 7) were included. Disease severity and associated symptoms were evaluated using questionnaire. Each patient underwent a Skin prick test with an allergen panel of 35 allergens each (Annesi-Maesano et al. in Allergy 57:107-114, 2002) and the results were evaluated to study the association of asthma and severity of Allergic rhinitis. Data consisting of 389 (48.7%) males and 409 (51.3%) females were assessed. A total of 82.2% of the study population of symptomatic patients were sensitized to at least one of the allergens. Seventy patients (8.78%) had associated asthma. Forty-four patients were polysensitized and fifteen were mono sensitized. Among polysensitized patients, 36 patients had sensitization to at least 6 different allergens. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most common allergen among asthma patients. This study provides a thorough knowledge of locally prevalent aeroallergens which is essential for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients. Skin prick test can be a non-invasive vital tool in analyzing patterns of allergen exposure, the prevalence of allergen, sensitizing potential of different allergens in that specific geographic area.

The HDM allergen orchestra and its cysteine protease maestro: Stimulators of kaleidoscopic innate immune responses

House dust mite (HDM) encloses an explosive cocktail of allergenic proteins sensitizing hundreds of millions of people worldwide. To date, the innate cellular and molecular mechanism(s) orchestrating the HDM-induced allergic inflammation remains partially deciphered. Understanding the kaleidoscope of HDM-induced innate immune responses is hampered by (1) the large complexity of the HDM allergome with very diverse functional bioreactivities, (2) the perpetual presence of microbial compounds (at least LPS, β-glucan, chitin) promoting as well pro-Th2 innate signaling pathways and (3) multiple cross-talks involving structural, neuronal and immune cells. The present review provides an update on the innate immune properties, identified so far, of multiple HDM allergen groups. Experimental evidence highlights the importance of HDM allergens displaying protease or lipid-binding activities on the initiation of the allergic responses. Specifically, group 1 HDM cysteine proteases are considered as the key initiators of the allergic response through their capacities to impair the epithelial barrier integrity, to stimulate the release of pro-Th2 danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in epithelial cells, to produce super-active forms of IL-33 alarmin and to mature thrombin leading to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Remarkably, the recently evidenced primary sensing of cysteine protease allergens by nociceptive neurons confirms the critical role of this HDM allergen group in the early events leading to Th2 differentiation.

Cross-reactive food and pollen allergens most commonly involved in oral allergy syndrome in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis

Like other atopic diseases, oral allergy syndrome (OAS) occurs in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), yet is underdiagnosed. As food allergies significantly impact management of EoE, we hypothesize that OAS occurs frequently in EoE, secondary to sensitization to multiple seasonal allergens.

Effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis children sensitive to dust mites.

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is now the only treatment that can modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, not all children with AR benefit from SCIT. To evaluate the efficacy of SCIT in dust-mites-induced AR children and explore correlative factors predicting treatment response to SCIT. 225 children aged 4-17 years old with AR were recruited from January 2016 to September 2019, and monitored at baseline, 4, 12, and 24 months after the start of SCIT treatment. The visual-analogue-score (VAS) was used to assess the clinical symptoms. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to explore correlative factors in predicting the efficacy of SCIT. The significant declines in VAS started after 4 months of SCIT and continued to improve throughout the study compared with baseline. An increase in children's age (OR=0.688, 95%CI: 0.479-0.988) and those with allergic history (OR=0.097, 95%CI: 0.009-1.095) were negatively associated with the risk of poor efficacy. Polysensitized children were more likely to suffer poor efficacy (OR=15.511 95%CI: 1.319-182.355). The clinical response at month 4 (r=0.707) and month 12 (r=0.925) was related to that at month 24. The area under the curve (AUC) for improvement at month 4 and month 12 was 0.746 and 0.860, respectively. Our study confirmed the clinical efficacy of SCIT in AR children. Children with younger age, negative allergic history, and multiple allergens may predict a worse efficacy. The onset of action and the clinical response to SCIT in the second year can be predicted as early as by month 4.

Skin prick test results of allergic rhinitis and asthma patients in Kirikkale: 5-year analysis /Skin prick test results in Kirikkale

Objective: It is aimed to contribute to preventive measures by determining the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma in Kirikkale and to contribute to the creation of the allergy map of our country. Materials and Methods: The files of patients who underwent skin prick test at Kirikkale Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 6056 people, 4464 (73.7%) women and 1592 (26.3%) men, were applied skin prick test within 5 years. Of the test results, 3454 (57%) were positive and 2602 (43%) were negative. While 622 (10.3%) of 3454 positive patients were sensitive to a single allergen, 2832 (46.8%) were sensitive to multiple allergens. The most common positivity rate in the skin prick test is Blattella germanica (cockroach) (24.2%), Dermatophagoides (D.) Farinae (house dust mite) (21.9%), herb mixture (plant grass, wormwood, buckwheat, sticky grass) (weed pollen) (19%) and D. Pteronyssinus (house dust mite) (18.4%) was found. When the pollens were examined collectively rather than individually (test 5 willow pollen 10.7%, test 6 cereal pollen 17.8%, test 7 poplar pollen 14.0%), it was determined as 42.5%. House dust mites D. Farinae and D. Pteronyssinus together were determined to be 40.3% allergen positive. Conclusion: It was determined that the most common allergens in Kirikkale province were cockroaches, pollen and house dust mites.

Well-Based Multiplex Food Allergen Colorimetric ELISA.

Food allergy is a well-recognized and significant health hazard around the world. At least 160 food groups have been identified that present allergenic reactions or other sensitivities and intolerance in humans. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an accepted platform for identifying the nature of the food allergy and its severity. It is now possible to simultaneously screen patients for allergic sensitivity and intolerance to multiple allergens using multiplex immunoassays. This chapter describes the preparation and utility of a multiplex allergen ELISA for the assessment of food allergy and sensitivity in patients.

Multiple allergen simultaneous test is useful in assessing allergen sensitization and its geographic variations by the Geographic Information System-based approach

Multiple allergen simultaneous test is useful in assessing allergen sensitization and its geographic variations by the Geographic Information System-based approach

Study on Effects of Sublingual Immunotherapyin Allergic Rhinitis Patients.

Allergic Rhinitis is one of the most common allergic disease and characterized by sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and nasopharyngeal itching. The initial management includes pharmacological treatment and the patients who are refractory to pharmacological treatment are then reffered for immunotherapy. SLIT has been widely used for treatment of allergic rhinitis and has proven its clinical efficacy. The objective of the present study was to assess the clinical effects, safety and tolerability of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) among the patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. The study was conducted from Aug 2018 to April 2021 and 40 patients with convincing history, positive skin prick test to one or more allergen extracts were recruited. SLIT was conducted with antigens (mix), namely dust mites, tree pollens, grass pollens and weed pollens in patients of allergic rhinitis for 1 year. There was significant improvement in quality of life and symptoms severity(Nasal and Non-Nasal) from base line to end of 1 year. SLIT lowers the total IgE, absolute eosinophilic count and medication requirement. Sublingual Immunotherapy for specific allergens decreases clinical symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis and sensitivity to multiple allergen.