Multiple Affect Adjective Check List Research Articles

Brain, behavioral, affective, and sex correlates of recovery from alcohol use disorders

Recovery from alcohol use disorders (AUDs) consists of salutary changes in behavior and affect. While evidence suggests that recovery-related behavioral changes, such as abstinence, emerge in tandem with both neural and affective changes, the precise relationships among these changes are unknown. To understand these relationships, we examined associations between the duration of abstinence (DOA), affective states, and neuroimaging-based structural measures of the brain reward system (BRS) in AUD men (AUDM ) and AUD women (AUDW ). Participants were community respondents from the Boston area comprising right-handed abstinent individuals with AUD (n=60; 30men) and controls without AUD (NC; n=60; 29men). Multivariate linear regressions compared short-/mid-term abstainers (≤5years), long-term abstainers (>5years), and the NC group on measures of BRS volume (3T magnetic resonance imaging scans) and measures of affect (Profile of Mood States [POMS]; Multiple Affect Adjective Check List [MAACL]; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD]). Analyses contrasted sex differences and accounted for age, education, drinking severity, and verbal IQ. Compared to the NC group, short-/mid-term abstainers exhibited larger posterior insular volume (total (β=0.019, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.034)), higher negative affect (POMS Mood Disturbance (β=27.8, 95% CI: 11.56, 44.04), and lower positive affect (POMS Vigor (β=-4.89, 95% CI: -9.06, -0.72)). Compared to the NC group, Long-term abstainers exhibited significantly smaller volumes of aggregate anterior cingulate cortex (β=-0.06, 95% CI: -0.113, -0.008) and higher HRSD scores (β=1.56, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.98). Relative to AUDM , AUDW exhibited significantly larger right anterior insular volumes (β=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06) and significantly greater MAACL Positive Affect scores (β=7.56, 95% CI: 0.59, 11.55) in association with DOA. We found that differences in abstinence from alcohol were correlated with differences in both neural recovery and affective dimensions of recovery from AUDs. The observed sex differences extend evidence of dimorphic effects of AUDs and recovery on brain structure and function. Future longitudinal research will test inferences concerning the directionality of these relationships.

Effects of therapeutic instrumental music performance and motor imagery on chronic post-stroke cognition and affect: A randomized controlled trial.

The burden of post-stroke cognitive impairment, as well as affective disorders, remains persistently high. With improved stroke survival rates and increasing life expectancy, there is a need for effective interventions to facilitate remediation of neurocognitive impairments and post-stroke mood disorders. To investigate the effects of Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance (TIMP) training with and without Motor Imagery on cognitive functioning and affective responding in chronic post-stroke individuals. Thirty chronic post-stroke, community-dwelling participants were randomized to one of three experimental arms: (1) 45 minutes of active TIMP, (2) 30 minutes of active TIMP followed by 15 minutes of metronome-cued motor imagery (TIMP+cMI), (3) 30 minutes of active TIMP followed by 15 minutes of motor imagery without cues (TIMP+MI). Training took place three times a week for three weeks, using a selection of acoustic and electronic instruments. Assessments, administered at two baselines and post-training, included the Trail Making Test (TMT) - Part B to assess mental flexibility, the Digit Span Test (DST) to determine short-term memory capacity, the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist - Revised (MAACL-R) to ascertain current affective state, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) to assess perceived self-efficacy. The Self-Assessment Maniqin (SAM) was also administered prior to and following each training session. Thirty participants completed the protocol, ten per arm [14 women; mean age = 55.9; mean time post-stroke = 66.9 months]. There were no statistically significant differences between pooled group baseline measures. The TIMP+MI group showed a statistically significant decrease in time from pre-test 2 to post-test on the TMT. The TIMP group showed a significant increase on MAACL sensation seeking scores, as well as on the Valence and Dominance portions of the SAM; TIMP+cMI showed respective increases and decreases in positive and negative affect on the MAACL, and increases on the Valence, Dominance, and Arousal portions of the SAM. No statistically significant association between cognitive and affective measures was obtained. The mental flexibility aspect of executive functioning appears to be enhanced by therapeutic instrumental music training in conjunction with motor imagery, possibly due to multisensory integration and consolidation of representations through motor imagery rehearsal following active practice. Active training using musical instruments appears to have a positive impact on affective responding; however, these changes occurred independently of improvements to cognition.

Effects of perceived parenting styles and mental health on drinking behaviors

ABSTRACTThis study focused on the effects of parenting styles, as perceived by the college student, on drinking behaviors. A total of 36 students between the ages of 18 and 34 were recruited from a small liberal-arts college. Four surveys were counterbalanced and administered: 1) Perceived Parenting Styles, 2) Drinking Behaviors, 3) Mental Health, and 4) Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL). Findings showed that problem drinking was strongly correlated with mental health concerns, such as depression, anxiety, hostility, and confusion. Parental trust and support were shown to be correlated to mental health, and there was a significant association between problem drinking and parental trust and rules. These findings suggest that perceived parenting styles impact later socioemotional functioning and drinking behaviors. Therefore, future research is warranted on the topic, particularly as it relates to how individuals perceive parenting styles, the degree of subsequent risk-taking behaviors, and how these may differ on larger campuses. Targeting parents with education and early intervention should be explored while also accounting for implications, such as early environmental stressors, whether or not mental health concerns are predecessors or sequelae of perceived parenting styles, and how the order of events may impact subsequent drinking behaviors.

Knowledge, Prevalence and Psychological Effect of Miscarriage among women of reproductive age group attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinics of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

To determine the knowledge, prevalence and psychological effect of miscarriage among women of reproductive age attending the obstetrics and gynaecology clinics of a tertiary healthcare facility in Lagos Nigeria. Study design was a descriptive cross sectional study and 300 respondents were enrolled. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) authored by M. Zukerman and B. Lubin (1965) were used for data collection. Responses of the respondents on the knowledge of various aspects of miscarriage was scored and graded as good (e"50%) and poor (^ <50%). The study was carried out in February 2011. Response rate was 97%. Only 0.7% of the respondents were not aware of miscarriage. A total of 214(73.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge of miscarriage and the mean knowledge score (%) was 60.4 ± 22.1. Most common myth about the cause of miscarriage among the respondents was eating of snail (63.2%). About 49% of respondents who had ever been pregnant have had miscarriage. Approximately 1 in 3.7 pregnancies was miscarried. The level of emotional distress in terms of anxiety, depression and hostility is significantly higher in women who have had miscarriage than their counterparts who had not. Level of knowledge of miscarriage was high though some miscarriage myths exist among the respondents. Approximately 1 in 3.7 pregnancies was miscarried. Miscarriage had negative psychological effect on women.

Dynamics of the General Factor of Personality in Response to a Single Dose of Caffeine

General Factor of Personality (GFP) research is an emergent field in personality research. This paper uses a theoretical mathematical model to predict the short-term effects of a dose of a stimulant drug on GFP and reports the results of an experiment showing how caffeine achieves this. This study considers the General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ) a good psychometric approach to assess GFP. The GFP dynamic mechanism of change is based on the Unique Trait Personality Theory (UTPT). This theory proposes the existence of GFP which occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality, and extends from an impulsiveness-and-aggressiveness pole (approach tendency) to an anxiety-and-introversion pole (avoidance tendency). An experiment with 25 volunteers was performed. All the participants completed the GFPQ and the Sensation-Seeking Scale list of adjectives from the trait version of MAACL-R (Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist Revised) on an empty stomach. The participants in the experimental group (20) received 330 mg of caffeine. All the participants filled in a state version form with the sensation-seeking adjectives every 4.5 minutes. This study considers that the Sensation-Seeking Scale list of adjectives from the MAACL-R, available in both trait and state versions, is a good psychometric approach to assess GFP. The results show that GFP is modified by a single dose of caffeine in the direction predicted by the UTPT.

Comparison of prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility in elderly patients with heart failure, myocardial infarction, and a coronary artery bypass graft

This study sought to compare the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and hostility among 3 clinically diverse elderly cardiac patient cohorts and a reference group of healthy elders. This was a multicenter, comparative study. A total of 1167 individuals participated: 260 healthy elders, and 907 elderly cardiac patients who were at least 3 months past a hospitalization (478 heart-failure patients, 298 postmyocardial infarction patients, and 131 postcoronary artery bypass graft patients). Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hostility were measured using the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and hostility was higher in patients in each of the cardiac patient groups than in the group of healthy elders. Almost three quarters of patients with heart failure reported experiencing symptoms of depression, and the heart-failure group manifested the greatest percentage of patients with depressive symptoms. The high levels of emotional distress common in cardiac patients are not a function of aging, because healthy elders exhibit low levels of anxiety, depression, and hostility.

Personality, Mood and Music Listening of Computer Information Systems Developers

This research examines personality type, trait mood, and use of music listening by 32 professional computer information systems developers (CISD) from two different IT environments in south Florida. Improved quality-of-work via use of individually preferred music listening has previously been reported in CISD. Music listening, offering an opportunity for improved positive mood, has been shown in the psychological literature to improve workplace task problem-solving and cooperative behaviors. Prevalence of basic personality type preferences was measured with the Myers-Briggs type inventory (MBTI). Trait mood, also known as individuals’ emotional dispositions, was measured with the multiple affect adjective check list (MAACL). Results from this exploratory pilot survey indicate a significant prevalence of introversion, thinking, and judging types in CISD with greater negative trait mood for introversion and feeling types. Music listening trends by type are reported, including findings such as extraverts listen to music twice as much than introverts, and feeling types twice as much as thinking types. The findings and recommendations have important implications for managers of computer information systems developers and, as well, may be generalized to similar work contexts.

Do drinking fantasies facilitate coping with pain?

This study explores the effect of drinking fantasies on the experience of acute pain. Sixty participants, who experienced acute cold water pain, were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: (a) drinking fantasies, (b) neutral fantasies control (NFC), and (c) non-treatment control (NC). Prior to and after treatment, participants were given measures of pain threshold, pain tolerance, pain intensity, and other scales measuring depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy. Self-report measures included: Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), the revised Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL-R), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Semantic Differential Scales for evaluating personal meaning of drinking fantasies.

Emotional Functioning Drives Quality of Life in Men with Heart Failure

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contributions of physical and emotional functioning to overall quality of life (QOL) in men with heart failure (HF). In 76 men with HF (age 63+/-11 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 27+/-9%; 20% NYHA III/IV), initial correlations of Cardiac-Quality of Life Index (C-QLI) scores with sociodemographic/clinical variables, physical functioning (6-minute walk test and Heart Failure Functional Status Inventory), and emotional functioning (depression, anxiety, and hostility, as measured by the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist) were followed by multivariate stepwise regression. After controlling for sociodemographic/clinical variables, younger age (variance=9%, P=.008), higher depressive symptoms (variance=16%, P=or<.001), and lower self-reported physical functioning (variance=4%, P=.03) accounted for lower C-QLI scores (R2=0.33, P=.03). Compared with physical functioning, emotional functioning and younger age have a stronger relationship to QOL in men with HF.

Relationship between low back pain and life-stressing events among Nigerian and Caucasian patients

Objectives Socio-economic status and life-stressing events have been shown to have ethnic and racial differences that exert a strong influence on care-seeking habits and recovery from low back pain (LBP). This study examined the relationship between life-stressing events and sensory and psychological attributes among Nigerian and Caucasian patients with LBP, and the influence of socio-economic status on this relationship. Design Stratified, single cohort questionnaire study. Setting Three outpatient physiotherapy clinics in Nigeria. Participants One hundred and sixty-five patients, including 107 Black Nigerians (age range 26–65 years, mean 52 years) and 58 Caucasians (age range 25–62 years, mean 41 years), with LBP of at least 6 weeks duration were recruited over a 9-year period. Main outcome measures The Low Back Pain Questionnaire, Social Re-adjustment Rating Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Multiple Affect Adjective Check List. Socio-economic status and pain levels, on a 0–100 numerical rating scale, were also recorded. Questionnaires were administered within 5 days of the patient reporting at the clinic. Results Recorded pain intensity was similar in Nigerian [mean pain score 78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 73.4 to 83.4] and Caucasian (mean pain score 79, 95% CI 74.8 to 84.8) patients. Subjects who recorded higher numbers of life-stressing events on the Social Re-adjustment Rating Scale also recorded higher scores on a number of LBP attributes including hot, burning, bright, throbbing and pressure qualities. Pain intensity and state anxiety correlated significantly with life-stressing event scores among Caucasian patients, who were mainly of high socio-economic status. State and trait anxiety and emotional discomfort scores correlated significantly with life-stressing event scores among Nigerian patients, who were mainly of low to medium socio-economic status. Conclusion Most patients had experienced a number of life-stressing events, particularly those classified as being of low socio-economic status. Low socio-economic status patients who had experienced a high number of life-stressing events were more likely to show emotional and psychological symptoms, which may have influenced the reporting of the characteristics and history of their LBP. There is a need to assess these issues when managing LBP patients. Further research is required to determine how the outcome of treatment may be influenced by these factors.

Abstract 1822: Impact on Anxiety of an Education and Counseling Intervention Designed to Decrease Treatment Seeking Delay in Response to Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Symptoms

Background: Patient delay in seeking treatment for ACS symptoms remains a substantial problem with most people delaying more than 2 hours before they seek treatment. Thus, it is vital to test interventions to improve this behavior, but at the same time it is essential that such interventions not increase anxiety. Given that these interventions seek to decrease patient denial of the seriousness of symptoms, it is possible that they may increase anxiety. Purpose: To determine the impact on anxiety of an individual face-to-face education and counseling intervention designed to decrease patient delay in seeking treatment for ACS symptoms. Methods: This was a multicenter randomized (intervention vs. usual care) controlled trial of the intervention in which anxiety data were collected (using the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist) at baseline, 3-months and 12-months after the intervention. A total of 3522 patients with confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) who were at risk for ACS were enrolled; data from 2597 patients with complete anxiety data at all three time points are included here. There were no differences in patients completing all three time points and those who did not. The intervention consisted of a 45 minute education and counseling session, reinforced by a phone call one month later in which the social, cognitive and emotional responses to ACS symptoms were discussed as were barriers to early treatment seeking. Repeated measures ANCOVA was used to compare anxiety levels across time between the groups controlling for age and gender. Results: There were significant differences in anxiety by group (p = 0.014). Anxiety level was stable in patients in the control group, but decreased by 10% at 3 months in the intervention group and remained at this reduced level at 12 months. Conclusion: An intervention designed to reduce patient delay in seeking treatment for ACS symptoms did not increase anxiety, but rather was associated with a reduction in anxiety. Interventions in which CAD patients directly confront the possibility of an acute cardiac event do not cause anxiety if they provide patients with appropriate strategies for managing symptoms.

Personality and criminal outcomes of homeless youth in a Nigerian jail population: results of PDS and MAACL-H assessments

Objective: The unprecedented incidence of armed robberies and the involvement of young people in these crimes necessitated — as part of a comprehensive study on homelessness and criminal behaviour in Nigeria — an assessmet and comparison of homeless youths incarcerated in prisons with a control group of non-prison and never-homeless youths from the general population using the Psychopathic Deviate Scale (PDS) and the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist hostility subscale (MAACL-H). Method: Through in-depth interviews using a questionnaire, data were collected from 100 randomly selected homeless inmates in three Nigerian medium-security prisons aged 15 to 26 (mean = 17.2), and another 100 non-prison and never-homeless youths from the general population aged 15 to 31 (mean = 25.2). Results: Hypothesis 1 showed a higher score on the PDS (mean = 29.3) and MAACL-H (mean = 21.7) among the homeless group than the non-prison and never homeless group (PDS mean = 21.2) and (MAACL-H = mean 12.5), (PDS (t = (98) = 6.62, p < .05) and MAACL-H (t = (98) = 21.7, p < .0001). The second hypothesis also showed a significant relationship between PDS and the type of crime committed by homeless inmates (F (2, 97) = 3.213; p < .05) and the direction of this relationship was higher for PDS and felony followed by misdemeanour offences (p < .05, LSD = 2.81). The MAACL-H did not reach an acceptable level of significance for type of crime. Conclusion: These findings have significant practical and theoretical implications for personality and criminal outcomes for homeless youths in prisons when compared with non-prison and never-homeless youths. The study also suggests the need for more research in this direction and a review of antiquated penal policies for children, while the effective roles of governments and non-governmental organisations were also stressed.

Detecting Differential Item Functioning in the Japanese Version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List—Revised

This study examines the differential item functioning (DIF) of the English version and the Japanese-translated version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List—Revised (MAACL-R) using the logistic regression (LR) procedure. The results of the LR are supplemented by multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). A total of five items are consistently flagged as showing DIF by both methods and based on the effect size criteria set forth by Jodoin and Gierl. One item shows nonuniform DIF, whereas four items show uniform DIF. Elimination or modification of the items with DIF can facilitate the appropriate use of the Japanese MAACL-R, especially in cross-cultural studies.

(817): Do romantic fantasies facilitate coping with acute pain?

This study explores the effect of romantic fantasies on the experience of acute pain. Sixty participants, who experienced acute cold water pain, were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: (a) Romantic fantasies, (b) neutral fantasy control (NFC), and (c) non-treatment control (NC). Prior to and after treatment, participants were given measures of pain threshold, pain tolerance, pain intensity, and other scales measuring depression, anxiety, and mood states. Self-report measures included: Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), the revised Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL-R), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Semantic Differential Scales for evaluating personal meaning of fantasies.

Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire

This article summarizes the development and psychometric properties of the first self-administered, paper-and-pencil instrument that measures maternal quality of life during the early postpartum period. The definition, domains, and conceptual model by Ferrans and Powers (QLI) were used to develop the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL) tool. A convenience sample of 184 mothers completed the MAPP-QOL at week 1 and 3 postpartum. Component analysis revealed five domains: psychological/baby; socioeconomic; relational/spouse-partner; relational/family-friends; and health & functioning. Internal consistency reliability for the five subscales resulted in Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from .82 to .96. Stability reliability ranged from .66 to .76. The MAPP-QOL and a single-item measure of life satisfaction correlated (r = .69), suggesting convergent validity; discriminant validity was supported by negative correlations with the three negative mood states of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R) as well as poor sleep and fatigue scores. Acceptable reliability and construct validity suggest that the MAPP-QOL may be used in research. Further testing with larger and more diverse samples is recommended.

Mood States and Milk Output in Lactating Mothers of Preterm and Term Infants

The purpose of this study is to compare psychological distress via both negative and positive mood states between 2 different groups of lactating mothers during the first 6 weeks postpartum with a large sample. Mood states were measured using the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised by a convenience sample of newly delivered mothers from 4 tertiary care units in Illinois. Preterm mothers' negative mood states of anxiety, depression, hostility, and dysphoria were significantly greater than those reported for term mothers. For the positive mood states of positive affect and PASS (positive affect + sensation seeking), preterm mothers had significantly lower scores than term mothers; there were no differences for the positive mood state, Sensation Seeking. Maternal perceived mood states had no apparent effect upon lactation as measured by milk volume produced. Further study is warranted to determine what factors influence milk output in mothers of preterm and term infants who are at risk for lactation failure.

Emotional intelligence, social support and affect regulation

The aim of the present study was to gain additional information about the relationship between emotional intelligence, social support, and affectivity. The subjects were 64 university students who completed the short form of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-30), the Social Support Questionnaire, and the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL). The results show that Social Support is high and significantly related with both Mood Repair, on one hand, and more Positive Affects and Sensation Seeking, on the other. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that social support can be considered, somehow, as a way of mood repair; and thus not surprisingly is also associated with more Positive Affects and Sensation Seeking.

Assessing Personality and Mood With Adjective Check List Methodology: A Review

This article addresses the benefits and problems in using adjective check list methodology to assess personality. Recent developments in this assessment method are reviewed, emphasizing seminal adjective-based personality tests (Gough's Adjective Check List), mood tests (Lubin's Depressive Adjective Test, Multiple Affect Adjective Check List), applications to the Five-Factor Model (Goldberg's "markers"; Wiggins's Interpersonal Adjective Test–Revised), and more recent use of this methodology in personality assessment (Strack's Personality Adjective Check List). Strengths and issues in using this methodology in personality assessment, including issues in international applications, are discussed.

Efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation training and guided imagery in reducing chemotherapy side effects in patients with breast cancer and in improving their quality of life

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation training (PMRT) and guided imagery (GI) in reducing the anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV) and postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting (PNV) of patients with breast cancer and to measure their effects on the patients' quality of life (QoL). Thirty chemotherapy-naive patients with breast cancer were randomized to the PMRT and GI group and 30 to the control group. Before each of six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, each patient was administered a self-report Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL), and incidents of ANV and PNV for the first three postchemotherapy days were recorded. All patients were administered the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. We found that the PMRT and GI group was significantly less anxious, depressive, and hostile than the control group. We also found that the PMRT and GI group experienced significantly less ANV and PNV and that 6 months after CT, the QoL of the PMRT and GI group was higher than that of the control group. These results indicate that PMRT and GI were associated with both the improvements in ANV and PNV and in the QoL of patients with breast cancer.

Does coping with stress facilitate coping with acute pain?

This study explores the effects of managing stress with relaxation on the experience of acute pain. Sixty participants, who experienced acute cold water pain, were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: (a) Stress desensitization (b) neutral imagery control (NI), and (c) non-treatment control. Prior to and after treatment, participants were given measures of stress, anxiety, and pain. Measures included: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), Daily Stress Inventory, Stress-arousal Checklist, and the revised Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL-R).