Multinational Energy Company Research Articles

A Comparative Analysis of the Gas Pipeline Geopolitics of China and India in the Central Asia Republics

After the discovery of large oil and gas deposits in Central Asia, the region has become a vital battlefield for major world powers’ competing interests, resulting in a complex geopolitical and energy transportation interaction known as ‘pipeline politics’. After independence, multinational energy companies and global powers contacted the Central Asian Republics. Chinese investment has dominated the region’s energy sector throughout the past decade. India is strategically seeking Central Asia’s energy resources as it becomes more global. This article compares China’s and India’s Central Asian natural gas strategy and identifies research shortcomings. The complex geopolitical landscape is considered while examining their objectives and regional investments. This analysis reveals these methods’ motivations and their effects on the Central Asian Republics and the world. China has an advantage over India in Central Asian pipeline politics, making the region vital to China’s energy security.

PENGARUH TRANSFER PRICING TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK DI PERUSAHAAN MULTINASIONAL

Transfer pricing is a pricing method used in transactions between companies within the same group with the aim of optimizing global profits through favorable pricing agreements. This strategy is commonly used by multinational companies to reduce tax liabilities by transferring income to jurisdictions with lower tax rates, thereby potentially increasing tax aggressiveness. The investigation conducted in this study examines the correlation between transfer pricing and tax aggressiveness, focusing on PT Adaro Energy Tbk as a case study, which is a multinational energy company based in Indonesia. The main objective of this investigation is to assess transfer pricing in relation to the tax behavior of multinational companies. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, this research involves compiling various journals accredited by SINTA. The findings lead to the conclusion that transfer pricing does not have a significant impact on the tax behavior of multinational companies. Consequently, the authors propose the introduction of additional variables to evaluate tax behavior in multinational companies. This discovery emphasizes the need for enhanced regulation and oversight of transfer pricing practices by tax authorities to ensure compliance and equity in the tax system.

Renewable energy adoption in multinational energy companies: A review of strategies and impact

This review provides a succinct overview of the research on renewable energy adoption within multinational energy companies, focusing on the review of strategies and their impact. As the global community intensifies its efforts to combat climate change, the renewable energy sector has become a focal point for multinational energy companies seeking sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. This study critically examines the strategies employed by these companies to incorporate renewable energy sources into their operations and assesses the impact of such initiatives. The review begins by exploring the various strategies adopted by multinational energy corporations in their pursuit of renewable energy integration. These strategies encompass technological advancements, regulatory compliance, investment frameworks, and partnerships with key stakeholders. By analyzing a diverse range of multinational energy companies, the study aims to identify patterns and best practices that contribute to successful renewable energy adoption. Furthermore, the research delves into the broader impact of these strategies on both the companies themselves and the global energy landscape. The analysis considers economic implications, environmental benefits, and social responsibility, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaceted effects of renewable energy adoption. Insights from this review can inform future decision-making processes for energy corporations, policymakers, and other stakeholders involved in the transition to a sustainable energy future. This review contributes valuable insights into the evolving landscape of renewable energy adoption among multinational energy companies. By examining strategies and their impact, the study seeks to enhance our understanding of the challenges and opportunities in fostering a more sustainable and resilient energy sector on a global scale.

Industry 4.0 implementation for multinationals: a case study

PurposeMultinational business deliver value via multiple sites with similar operational capacities. The age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) delivers significant opportunities for the deployment of digital tools for business optimization. Therefore, this study aims to study the Industry 4.0 implementation for multinationals.Design/methodology/approachThe key objective of this research is multi-site systems integration using a reproducible, modular and standardized “Cyber Physical System (CPS) as-a-Service”.FindingsA best practice reference architecture is adopted to guide the design and delivery of a pioneering CPS multi-site deployment. The CPS deployed is a cloud-based platform adopted to enable all manufacturing areas within a multinational energy and petrochemical company. A methodology is developed to quantify the system environmental and sustainability benefits focusing on reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption. These results demonstrate the benefits of standardization, replication and digital enablement for multinational businesses.Originality/valueThe research illustrates the ability to design a single system, reproducible for multiple sites. This research also illustrates the beneficial impact of system reuse due to reduced environmental impact from lower CO2 emissions and energy consumption. The paper assists organizations in deploying complex systems while addressing multinational systems implementation constraints and standardization.

The potential of industry 4.0 for renewable energy and materials development – The case of multinational energy companies

The study's primary objective is to identify the implications of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) implementation for renewable energy management and materials development. The study aims to establish a new perspective that promotes adopting emerging clean energy technologies. The study adopts a transdisciplinary approach and critical synthesis of existing literature. Thematic analysis and inferences from three case illustrations are used to gain insights into the value and strategies of I4.0 implementation for achieving a sustainable and low-carbon future. The literature review on I 4.0 provides a deeper understanding of its concepts and potential benefits. The study highlights the improved efficiency, productivity, and sustainability that I4.0 technologies, such as IoT, AI, and advanced manufacturing, can bring to various industries. The study's findings have significant implications for the practical implementation of I4.0. By cohesively identifying and addressing economic, regulatory, and technical obstacles, I4.0 can be effectively implemented for renewable energy and materials development. The study is a valuable reference for students, researchers, scholars, and practitioners. It may guide the design and implementation of I4.0 strategies and supports the transition toward a sustainable and low-carbon future.

Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in a Traditional Multinational Energy Company

Overview: Environmental concerns like climate change are prompting traditional companies such as those in the energy industry to adopt new technologies. Rapid technology adoption is important, especially if companies want to be responsive and at the same time maintain their competitive and strategic advantage. This article explores technology adoption in a traditional multinational energy company. Using a single case study approach, we explore how adoption of technology takes place at manager and employee levels and the implications therein. We identify three important factors—constructive tensions, open innovation, and knowledge standardization—which positively influence the pace of technology adoption. We offer important implications for practitioners involved in technology adoption.

Financial surplus as a source of financing in Polish and selected multinational energy companies. A comaprison

Financial surplus as a source of financing in Polish and selected multinational energy companies. A comaprison

Protection for the Rights and Interests of Local Communities Adversely Affected by Multinational Energy Companies’ Activities

Foreign investments of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) bring several advantages for the host states where they operate. In the case of foreign investment in the energy sector, the business activities of MNCs have an impact on social and environmental issues that adversely affect the right and interests of the local communities. In terms of addressing such problems, some binding and non-binding international legal instruments were established and adopted by states and international organizations/bodies. This article discusses the sufficiency of the protection provided by international law for the local communities adversely affected by MNCs in the energy sector especially with regards to human rights, environmental, and anti-corruption matters. This article argues that protection of the rights and interests of local communities from the activities of MNCs are developed through an international legal framework, both general and bilateral treaties, as well as the national law of host States.

Natural Gas Production in Mozambique and the Political Risk of Islamic Militancy

The Cabo Delgado province in the northernmost portion of the long Mozambican seaboard is now home to Africa’s three largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, and these projects have attracted many of the world’s major multinational energy companies, accompanied by massive LNG investments. There can be little doubt that the discovery of rich gas reserves is a potential game changer for the Mozambican economy and development agenda. It is potentially an opportunity for the rapid advancement of a country that currently ranks close to the bottom of the United Nation’s Human Development Index. However, despite the billions in investments from major multinational energy companies, the people of Cabo Delgado are yet to see the material benefit from these projects. One of the biggest risks to investors in the LNG industry is the many unknowns pertaining to the threat posed by the militant Islamic movement, Ansar al-Sunna, which has especially been active since 2017 in the Cabo Delgado province. In view of this, this article assesses Mozambique’s LNG industry and the political risks associated with the insurgent movement’s intention to establish an Islamic caliphate in the Cabo Delgado area.

Digital Business Strategy’s Optimisation Model for Differential Value Creation in the Digital Age

In the age where every firm is digitizing, it is no longer digitisation that leverages a firm’s competitive edge. Instead, it is the know-how of digital business strategy’s optimisation which is increasingly turning into an idiosyncratic strategic value creating resource. But even if that is the case, discerning how to bolster digital business strategy’s optimisation is still a paradox as most of the previous studies have been largely fascinated with digital transformation as a driver of digitisation. As this undermines how firms can discern how to optimise their digital business strategy, it is such a paradox that this paper sought to address by exploring a model for leveraging digital business strategy’s optimisation as a driver of differential value creation. The paper uses interpretivist research paradigm, exploratory research design and qualitative research method to explore and socially construct the opinions of sixty-six digital business managers and IT managers from the energy and chemical sector about the approaches for digital business strategy’s optimisation as well as its impact on value creation and major impediments among the multinational companies in the global energy and chemical industries. The sixty-six digital business managers and IT managers were purposively drawn from eighty multinational energy and chemical companies that are operating in South Africa, Uganda and Nigeria. Apart from investment in relevant digital technologies and digital transformation, findings revealed factors that leverage or even constrain digital business strategy’s optimisation to create differential values to often arise from how the digital business strategy is crafted and utilised as well as digital skills and level of digital culture transition. Such findings contrast theories that indicated strategic levers of digital business strategy’s optimisation to include scope, scalability, speed and sources of value creation of the digital business strategy. However, in conclusion, the paper proposes an alternative digital business strategy’s optimisation model that executives can replicate as an idiosyncratic strategic value creating resource to leverage a firm’s competitiveness in the modern complex digital age.

Proposal of a causal model to measure the impact of quality management system on industrial performance: a case study of a multinational energy company located in Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco

Proposal of a causal model to measure the impact of quality management system on industrial performance: a case study of a multinational energy company located in Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco

Proposal of a causal model to measure the impact of quality management system on industrial performance: a case study of a multinational energy company located in Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco

The purpose of this article is to present a statistical approach using latent and manifest variables applied to measure the quality management system performance of a multinational energy company located in Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco. The principal idea is to measure the impact of quality practices (which are divided into five segments: leadership, strategy and policy, human resources, partnerships and resources, and process management) on the total performance (which is divided into four perspectives: customer result perspective, financial result perspective, staff result perspective, society result perspective). For this, we use the SEM's resolution based on the partial least squares (PLS) method via the XL-STAT software on a sample of 120 questionnaires administered face-to-face with managers, technicians, engineers and directors of this company. The obtained results should be examined in order to plan the improvements and develop an action plan.

Enacting governance at the local level through management control systems: the case of a multinational energy company

PurposeThis paper draws on the case of a multinational energy company to explore the role played by management control systems (MCSs) in enacting governance policies at the local (subsidiary) level.Design/methodology/approachThis research mobilizes the literature on governmentality to interpret MCSs as technologies of government that can be drawn upon to translate governance policies into practice. In particular, the authors discuss this process by interpreting “governance” as an epistemic object, that is an object that generates knowledge because of its inherent incompleteness and abstract nature.FindingsThe paper shows how MCSs act as technical objects insofar they attract, bind and engage local subsidiary managers in the generation of knowledge about governance policies (i.e. the epistemic object) set at the global level, thereby enacting these policies locally.Practical implicationsThe findings have practical implications by showing how subsidiary managers engage with MCSs to translate and implement broader governance policies in their daily activities.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the accounting literature on governmentality by showing the role of MCSs as technologies that enact governance at the local level through the process of knowledge generation that these technologies enable. Such knowledge is triggered by the engagement between different participating subjects, attracted by MCSs in the attempt to define governance in practice.

How marketing balances the battle between premium and regular products? Brand sales dynamics in an emerging market

PurposeEvolution and stationarity are key time series empirical concepts which need theoretical assessment by extant research. This study presents a model to explain brand sales dynamics in emerging markets using two dimensions: sales behavior in time (stationary or evolution) and final position (negative, neutral or positive).Design/methodology/approachA three-step methodological approach was performed. First, individual brand sales series were classified (stationarity or evolution) after unit root tests. These series were then regressed against a time variable. These two steps enabled a qualitative classification of six proposed positions, ranging from the worst to the best scenario for marketing managers. A final multinomial model identified the marketing effect to these positions.FindingsDescriptive statistics reveal an insignificant prevalence of stationary sales series and a small number of positive brand sales series (ascending or promising). The multinomial model shows that price is negatively associated to positive brand sales positions, the important effect of service strategies and how product decisions can lead to an avoidance of negative positions.Research limitations/implicationsThe model is limited to short time series of a unique transactional dataset from a multinational energy company based in Brazil.Practical implicationsThe research provides a rational empirical framework to managers involved with decisions regarding brand sales dynamics in emerging markets.Originality/valueThe approach advance into the development of models to uncover conditions for market evolution and stationarity in a context marked by the shortage of data.

Enel Chile, negocio sostenible

Enel es una empresa multinacional energética que persigue la transición hacia una matriz renovable, la mejora de la eficiencia energética y la contribución a la movilidad eléctrica en los países donde está implantada. En particular, en Chile, Enel ha venido realizando acciones que entroncan con varios de los ODS, favoreciendo el transporte eléctrico y la transición hacia energías no contaminantes.

Can post-mining territories become landscapes in motion?A Spatial Strategy to Build a (Landscape) Reputation for a Neglected Area in Tuscany, Italy

Post-mining territories constitute a structural component of contemporary urbanisation processes. They are often located in post-urban areas and create new landscapes of abandonment.Sometimes they are stigmatised as landscapes characterised by unsustainable development, and are therefore seen as an obstacle in the transition to a post-carbon society.This paper contributes to the debate surrounding this question and shows a tentative approach to the reparation of post-mining territories through a (designed) strategy that rebuilds the territorial, landscape and social reputation of a site called Santa Barbara, that has been exploited by ENEL (Ente Nazionale per l’Energia Elettrica – National Agency for Electric Energy), an Italian multinational energy company, for almost 50 years. Santa Barbara is located in a neglected area of central Tuscany, Italy, in the upper Arno Valley (Valdarno Superiore). It finds itself in-between several renowned branded landscapes, such as Chianti (or Chiantishire as named by British citizens who began coming to this area for holidays in the late 20th Century), the small city of San Giovanni Valdarno and other prestigious Tuscan landscapes. This area is profoundly intertwined with the urbanisation processes of the greater metropolitan area of Florence, while simultaneously being a mono-functional territory that is not visibly urbanised. Today, this territory is characterised by a peculiar landscape that seems to be dominated by the ‘motion’ of land. Hills, paths and trajectories of use, which have been changing over the past decades and even in recent years, have inspired the reparation strategy for the landscape. Crucial to this strategy is the role played by ENEL, the company responsible for the deterritorialisation of this site and that launched the ‘Future-e Project’ in 2017. This project promoted a process aimed at creating a vision for the future of the Santa Barbara ex-mining site alongside local communities (institutions, local economic actors, etc.) and inhabitants. The project, already underway, has also involved the Politecnico di Milano and the Università degli Studi di Firenze, both called in to assist in analysing the case study. In short, the paper portrays the socio-territorial evolution of the Santa Barbara ex-mining site and describes a strategy for territorial regeneration aimed at revisiting the past, sharing the present and building the future with a propensity towards renewable energy sources. Central to this strategy is the landscape, which fuels a social, economic, spatial and narrative shift that allows for sustainable and solar energy-driven territorial regeneration. In doing this, the paper investigates the crucial cooperative interplay among a private company (ENEL) and the local community, public actors (the municipalities) and the universities involved in the design of the post-carbon future of this site.

Promises and Techno-Politics: Renewable Energy and Malmö’s Vision of a Climate-Smart City

ABSTRACT Malmö aims to become Sweden’s most climate-smart city and Hyllie, its newest city district, is to lead the way. This ambition is front and centre in the 2011 Climate Contract that envisioned Hyllie as a climate-neutral city district. Malmö signed the Climate Contract with Eon, a multinational energy company. But five years after signing the Climate Contract, Malmö and Eon gave up their goal of a making Hyllie climate-neutral by 2020. The Climate Contract resembles other smart city initiatives that many researchers have criticised for promoting technology-centric, corporation-controlled visions of cities. Assemblage urbanism and the sociology of expectations help to analyse the techno-political dynamics between organisations, visions and urban infrastructure. The realisation of a vision is a techno-political process that requires the coordination of multiple groups around multiple promises. At first, it was the Climate Contract that helped Eon and the city administration to coordinate their activities. Subsequently, Eon made a promise to build wind turbines, and that promise then took precedence in the coordination of their activities. But controversies arose with two publics that emerged in opposition to Eon’s promise: neighbours to the site of the proposed wind turbine and the city’s Property Department. Unable to resolve these controversies, Eon and Malmö acknowledged that they lacked the resources need to make Hyllie climate-neutral. They adapted their original promise to the current state of socio-material assemblages, and Hyllie was demoted from a role model for the climate-smart city to a source of lessons learned.

The tension between intention and attention

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how changes in the coercive and enabling orientations of the organizational rule system influence the attention managers pay to rules.Design/methodology/approachThe findings of a case study covering a multinational energy company, which are interpreted based on insights from the coercive/enabling bureaucracy literature and the evolution of rules literature, help explain how rules can direct attention.FindingsThe findings suggest that the tensions between corporate management’s intentions for an organization’s rule system and the attention middle (country) managers pay to those rules were the main driver of dialectic changes in the rule system. The more coercive the rule system became, the more middle managers diverted their attention away from rule compliance. The paper shows how the dialect change process constituted a dynamic interaction between mindful “rule setters” and mindful “rule followers.” The alignment between intentions and attention was reestablished by better balancing the coercive and enabling orientations of the rule system: enabling better flexibility, enhancing internal transparency based on local business logic and improving global transparency through closer alignment of local and global growth and efficiency goals. Surprisingly, the repair characteristic was not as important.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to the literature by showing how the enabling and coercive characteristics of an organizational rule system constitute managerial attention artifacts. The paper demonstrates how tensions between corporate intentions and local contingencies in the context of global organizations can lead to constrictive change and create a win-win situation for both central and local actors by better balancing the coercive and enabling orientations of the rule system. It also offers new insights into the dialectic change process in an organization’s rule system based on attention view toward organizational rules.

SOCIAL GOVERNANCE AND PRODUCTION TRANSFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MINING INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA: TOWARD A LOCALLY ACCOMODATIVE ENERGY POLICY

Policies in the energy and mining sectors have been directed solely to massive exploitation by multinational energy companies, solely aimed at increasing economic activity and its contribution to GDP. This liberal energy policy has a real impact on marginalization and the absence of recognition of rights to indigenous groups and surrounding communities over ownership and the possibility of involvement in the mining production process. Although the orientation of liberalism in the energy sector policy is possible because of the huge amount of capital needed to start exploration of a mine, more serious efforts in shifting the paradigm of energy policy to accommodate the interests of local people need to be developed by looking for empirical examples that occur in the field. This paper aims to analyze the legal basis for a paradigm shift in energy policy, with the empirical study in a coal mining in West Sumatra that has been active since Dutch rule in Indonesia. This study took a field study in a coal mine in Sawahlunto, and found that ownership is possible along with the declining market value of a mine when it is run by a large company. Some legal considerations such as the recognition of community land rights, and the transformation of the production process from mechanical to manual are considered as accommodative measures of energy policy to enable people to benefit directly from the wealth of natural resources in their region. The results highlight the need to an accommodative legal policy that considers the socio-cultural aspects of the local community.Keywords: energy policy, social governance, production system, land right, coal mine.JEL Classifications: Q4, Q48DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7582

Accounting society's acceptability of carbon taxes: Expectations and reality

This article seeks to examine accountants' perceptions of carbon taxes in addressing climate change. Specifically, it aims at (i) a better understanding of accountants opinions on carbon taxes; (ii) how energy companies have adapted their business operations since introducing carbon tax. The article's primary sources of data are (1) a 2018 survey distributed to 45 accounting professionals in Scotland, which specialise in energy finance and a formal interview with a regional finance director of a multinational energy company. The results show how the accountants are in favour the carbon tax due to its positive environmental impact, however, do not agree with the associated rising utility costs. Though, carbon tax, from an energy business' perspective, is viewed negatively due to its effects on the end users of energy. This study contributes to the current research by demonstrating the role of accounting society in boosting public awareness of climate change. The findings of this study will help regulators and policy makers in the UK to evaluate the adequacy of current carbon tax reforms and to promote the public awareness of climate change to reduce carbon emissions.