Multinational Business Enterprises Research Articles

Commentary: Emerging multinational business enterprises and development of dynamic governance capabilities

Commentary: Emerging multinational business enterprises and development of dynamic governance capabilities

The hague rules on business and human rights arbitration

On the 12th of December, 2019, at the symposium hosted by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Peace Palace in the Hague, professor Bruno Simma and the Business and Human Rights Arbitration Working Group officially launched the Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration. It is expected that arbitration based on this Rules will hold great promise as a method for resolving human rights disputes involving multinational business enterprises (MNEs), in particular, in regions where national courts are noneffective, corrupt, politically influenced or simply unqualified. In this regard, the article attempts to analyze the main provisions of the Hague Rules and assess the appropriateness of its application for resolving human rights disputes involving business. Based on the results of the analysis, the author concludes that the adoption of this document, first, will provide a remedy for those affected by the human rights impacts of business activities, and second, can assist businesses to meet its responsibilities under the UN Guiding Principles.

Coping with complexity by making trust an important dimension in governance and coordination

Multinational business enterprises (MBEs) have created and/or discovered opportunities to improve on their businesses, by engaging in technological change and establishing presence by ownership or cooperation with local parties on foreign markets. This development has increased the level of complexity to managers dramatically. Accordingly, the MBEs have developed governance and coordination means to cope with that growing complexity, mainly by inventing governing modes in between the market and the hierarchy and delegating coordination to network or value-chain parties. To be able to explain this development, the internalization approach has been modernized with assumptions more similar to those of the Uppsala model. Micro-foundational findings support a process approach to trust building and exploitation, making trust an essential ingredient in research on exchange behavior.

Prospect of Regional Financial Performance of Makassar Towards a World City

The condition of the city of the world is to have one or several strong characteristics. The right formulation of these characteristics makes a city superior or special. It is understood that the ability of a city to form its competitive advantage makes the city associate globally as a world city. Indeed the city of the world can be created and facilitated. Based on this understanding, present cities that are not world cities can become world cities, including Makassar City by creating strong characteristics, for example because they have good financial performance, as reflected in multinational business enterprises. Good financial performance, for example, has financial statements with an unqualified opinion, high rate of return, asset growth, budget surplus.

The Process of Retail Internationalization in the Chinese Market: A Case of Japanese Fashion Company

Since China’s ingress into the World Trade Organization (WTO), to a greater extent, multinational business enterprises have entered the market. Fashion industries, for instance, led by European and American apparel retailers, including many Japanese companies, have begun to pay attention to the Chinese market. This is embodied in diverse formats of retailing outlets with international expansions. The intent of this paper is to present an empirical study for improving the framework of retail internationalization processes in the Chinese market, and to provide a perception of the interface between retailing and building customer relationship. Case studies approach is employed in this study to build theories. The objectives of this research are (1) to investigate the processes and barriers of entering the Chinese market by looking at a case study of a Japanese fashion retailer; (2) to clarify the characteristics of each stage of international expansion by applying dynamic capabilities based on a framework that makes a distinction between a firm’s first stage, second stage and third stage; and (3) to indicate the emergence of a new retail format, called a “house brand store,” and its important role in retail internationalization and customer relationship management.

Produção acadêmica do tema internacionalização divulgada nos periódicos nacionais: Um estudo bibliométrico

Este estudo explorou a produção acadêmica do tema Internacionalização durante o período de 1999 a 2013 nas revistas Qualis Capes B2 a A2 (triênio 2010-2012). Metodologicamente, utilizaram-se as técnicas de análise bibliométrica e de rede social. Os principais achados foram: Borini, Scherer, Amal, Ferreira e Gomes se destacaram na rede de coautoria deste estudo, no que se refere a centralidade de grau. As Instituições de Ensino Superior (IESs): USP, ESPM e Uninove se sobressaem na rede social das IESs, no que tange ao degree. Todas as redes sociais visualizadas neste trabalho, têm baixas densidades. E os temas mais publicados foram: empresas multinacionais, negócios internacionais, inovação, estratégia competitiva, tecnologias, desempenho exportador, pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs), mercados internacionais, marketing internacional e estratégias internacionais. Estes assuntos que ficaram em destaque neste estudo, são inerentes à internacionalização, mostrando coerência ao tema explorado e, sobretudo que este assunto é amplo, pois ele aborda temáticas preponderantes para o melhor entendimento e compreensão dos processos que norteiam a internacionalização no contexto mundial.

Proposal to Formulate “Global Informal Workout Rules” Adopting “Asian Bankers' Association Informal Workout Guidelines” and “Model Agreement to Promote Company Restructuring by Informal Workout” with Some Minor Amendments

AbstractThe INSOL 8 Principles is a set of model domestic rules for out‐of‐court workouts. Many Asian countries have created workout rules referring to the Principles. A uniform insolvency code applicable worldwide may be impossible to achieve. Instead, international professional associations such as the INSOL International and/or official international organizations such as the World Bank may be able to establish global informal workout rules that are applicable in cases to restructure multinational business enterprises that are indebted to multinational financial creditors. The “Asian Bankers' Association Informal Workout Guidelines” and the “Model Agreement to Promote Company Restructuring by Informal Workout” of 2005 are buried treasure tools. They could be transformed to global rules with some minor amendments with the consent of the Association. Copyright © 2013 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Performance Appraisal System and Its Practices in Local Private Business Organizations of Bangladesh

This present paper focuses on the performance appraisal practices of local private organizations in Bangladesh. Here, the researchers found that, almost all the organizations have formal performance evaluation systems. Though there is variation in their methods, frequency of occurrence and parties involved in evaluation system. In terms of method majority (16%) of the organizations prefer Management by Objective (MBO) method. Concerning the frequency of performance appraisal 69.23% local organizations evaluate their employees annually. It is also observed that majority of the employees are satisfied with present performance appraisal systems. The researchers also recommend a comparative analysis between the performance appraisal practice of local private business enterprises of Bangladesh and performance appraisal practice of multinational business enterprises.

Performance Appraisal of the Employees of Local Private Manufacturing Enterprises in Bangladesh

The present study attempts to focus on the performance appraisal practice of the employees of local private manufacturing enterprises in Bangladesh. The researcher found that some enterprises use combined techniques to evaluate performance of the employees and some use single technique. Maximum of the enterprises provide feedback to the employees regarding their performance and all the enterprises use the results of the appraisals for taking decisions regarding confirmation of job, identification of training needs, promotion potential and salary increases of the employees. Maximum of the employees are ‘neither satisfied nor dissatisfied’ with the performance appraisal practice of their enterprises. The researcher recommends further study in this area to cover the performance appraisal practice of local private manufacturing enterprises after 1997 and to evaluate the performance appraisal practice of the employees of local private manufacturing enterprises in Bangladesh. The author also recommends a comparative study between the performance appraisal practice of local private business enterprises of Bangladesh and performance appraisal practice of multinational business enterprises.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE EXPOSURE IN EMERGING MARKETS. A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO MINIMISING ITS EFFECTS ON MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES.

The article examines foreign exchange exposure in emerging markets. The authors offer a holistic approach to minimizing its effects on multinational business enterprises. Qualitative research was used because it was deemed necessary in order to have a broad view of foreign exchange from within the organization. The report will first analyze the relation between the unexpected variations in the exchange rate and the changes in the value of corporations established in developed countries with operations in emerging markets.

International Labor Migration through Multinational Enterprises

"This research studies international migration of company transferees. The main purposes are to address how their individual characteristics have influences on their overseas assignment and what kinds of migration patterns are created by the multinational business enterprises. U.S. firms in Taiwan are the primary study focus. By using both quantitative and qualitative data, the results show that although an overseas appointment is mainly based on individual competence, nationality, ethnicity and gender also play crucial roles. And multinationals are important channels for sustainable, return and circular migration."

International Labor Migration Through Multinational Enterprises

This research studies international migration of company transferees. The main purposes are to address how their individual characteristics have influences on their overseas assignment and what kinds of migration patterns are created by the multinational business enterprises. U.S. firms in Taiwan are the primary study focus. By using both quantitative and qualitative data the results show that although an overseas appointment is mainly based on individual competence nationality ethnicity and gender also play crucial roles. And multinationals are important channels for sustainable return and circular migration. (EXCERPT)

Part II: Transnational Organizations

Part II focuses on transnational organizations, but the essays themselves are quite diverse. Louis T. Wells, Jr., considers the best known set of transnational organizations, multinational business enterprises, and Peter D. Bell discusses the offspring of one of these enterprises, the Ford Foundation. On the less economic side of transnational relations Ivan Vallier analyzes the Roman Catholic church as a transnational actor, and J. Bowyer Bell explores transnational revolutionary movements. Since these organizations are quite dissimilar, the authors' conclusions cannot be neatly summarized. Many points made in part II refer only to one organization or set of organizations.

Multinational Business and National Economic Goals

This essay elaborates several basic propositions. First, the extraordinary changes in international communication and international transportation during the past 40 or 50 years have profoundly altered the horizons of business decisionmakers, giving enormous stimulus to the creation of multinational business enterprises. Second, in narrow economic terms the multinationalization of business activity has added to the efficiency of the world economy. Third, the advances in transportation and communication, reinforced by the existence of multinational business enterprises, have stimulated interaction between national economies and reduced the effectiveness of national controls, particularly in advanced countries. Finally, despite the increasing porosity of national boundaries these countries have been expanding and refining their national economic and social goals in ways that require more controls at national borders or more joint controls between cooperating states.