Multimedia Materials Research Articles

Investigating EFL English-Majored Students’ Perceptions towards the Use of Technology in Language Teaching

This study investigates EFL English-majored students’ opinions of technology use in language learning at Nam Can Tho University, with an emphasis on both benefits and problems. The study uses a questionnaire survey with 85 participants to evaluate how technology affects students’ engagement, motivation, and overall learning experience. The findings show that students see major benefits from technology, such as increased engagement through multimedia materials, tailored learning experiences via applications, and access to real language input through online tools. Furthermore, students love the opportunity to communicate in real time with native speakers, which improves their language abilities and confidence. In contrast, the research cites a number of hurdles, including difficulty in integrating technology with the curriculum, technical concerns, possible diversions, and the need for more training and support. These findings emphasize the necessity of resolving these issues in order to maximize the usefulness of technology in language instruction, and they offer practical recommendations for educators and legislators.

The Application of Flipped Classroom Teaching Model in Foreign Language Teaching

The application of the flipped classroom approach in foreign language instruction has drawn significant attention from recent educational studies. This essay provides a comprehensive examination of the advantages, disadvantages, and methods for implementing the flipped classroom concept in foreign language teaching. It analyzes how the flipped classroom model redefines the traditional teaching paradigm by reorganizing the learning environment to favor student-centered and active learning experiences. By synthesizing existing content, it highlights how teachers can maximize in-class time for group projects, conversational activities, and personalized feedback by moving instructional content delivery outside the classroom through pre-recorded lectures, multimedia materials, and interactive online activities. This approach encourages deeper learner engagement and language acquisition. Additionally, this article analyzes the potential advantages of the flipped classroom approach, including improved language proficiency, increased student autonomy in learning, and enhanced critical thinking skills. However, the author also identifies some disadvantages of the flipped classroom model in practical application. For instance, the implementation of the flipped classroom presents a significant challenge to teachers’ professional skills, and issues such as unequal access to resources and technological limitations pose substantial obstacles to the widespread use of the flipped classroom in foreign language instruction.

Gaming the Industrial Revolution. Participatory design with historical data for classroom learning

Industrial Re:evolution is an educational game developed by a collaborative team of educators, historians, game designers, and developers. The game allows students to hypothesise about the underlying causal mechanisms of the Industrial Revolution while managing population and resources across 19 discrete regions in England and Wales from 1600 to 1851. The game was developed through a series of participatory workshops, which led to a gameplay concept based on a comprehensive model of the Industrial Revolution, centred on key theoretical frameworks. Through role-playing, problem solving, and in-class discussions, students are encouraged to explore various factors that contribute to the Industrial Revolution and their interdependencies. It helps them develop a deeper understanding of the intricate relationships between different causal factors, improving their ability to explain and analyse complex historical events, and promoting quantitative skills. The game is an open-ended historical simulation based on state-of-the-art research, providing students with the opportunity to interact with real historical data. To enhance classroom implementation, the game is provided with structured activities, lesson plans, student booklets, and multimedia materials, while an online platform will eventually offer a community for educators to share best practices. This study describes the design choices and development of the game.

USING TED TALKS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

The results of a quantitative investigation on how incorporating TED Talks media into language training affects students' speaking abilities are presented in this article. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how well students' verbal expression and communication skills may be improved by using TED Talks videos as a resource. After incorporating TED Talks, students' speaking abilities significantly improved, according to an examination of pre- and post-test results. The integration of genuine and captivating information from TED Talks introduced students to a diverse range of subjects, accomplished presenters, and everyday language usage, resulting in improved pronunciation, vocabulary, and fluency. These findings highlight the TED Talks' potential as a useful educational resource for enhancing students' speaking abilities during language training. It is highly recommended that language instructors use TED Talks into their instructional strategies to establish engaging and interactive learning environments that promote language proficiency and proficient communication. The study adds to the body of knowledge already available on the use of multimedia materials in language instruction and provides teachers looking for creative ways to improve their students' speaking skills with useful advice.

The Application of Dewey Decimal System in Traditional Libraries

The Dewey Decimal System, created by Melvil Dewey in the late 19th century, has been a linchpin of traditional library classification systems for well over a century. This abstract provides a concise overview of the historical significance, principles, and enduring relevance of the Dewey Decimal System in traditional library settings. The Dewey Decimal System revolutionized the way libraries organized their collections, simplifying the process of locating and accessing books and materials. This paper traces the historical development of the Dewey Decimal System and its profound impact on traditional library cataloging and information retrieval. Key principles, such as the use of decimal notation and hierarchical classification, are explored in detail, highlighting their pivotal role in enhancing library management efficiency. Despite its enduring utility, this abstract also acknowledges the system's limitations. Traditional libraries have faced significant challenges in adapting the Dewey Decimal System to accommodate digital resources, multimedia materials, and non - traditional formats. Furthermore, questions have arisen regarding the system's cultural biases and its ability to adequately represent the diversity of knowledge and perspectives. In today's digital age, traditional libraries confront a unique set of challenges, necessitating a reevaluation of the Dewey Decimal System's role and adaptability. This abstract underscores the ongoing dialogue surrounding the system's relevance and its capacity to meet the evolving needs of modern libraries and information seekers. In conclusion, the Dewey Decimal System remains a cornerstone of traditional library organization, albeit with notable adaptational challenges. This abstract serves as a foundation for understanding the historical and contemporary significance of the Dewey Decimal System within the context of traditional libraries, setting the stage for a more comprehensive examination of its impact and future prospects in the full paper.

A Watermark-Based Scheme for Authenticating JPEG 2000 Image Integrity That Complies with JPEG Privacy and Security

Network development has made it easier to access multimedia material and to change it by allowing the collection, modification, and transmission of digital data. Additionally, this has led to a rise in malicious use, including unauthorized data distribution and copying. As the quantity of evil activities increases, security issues such as unauthorized use and image forgery are rising. While security solutions for JPEG-1 images are widely available, there remains a significant gap in protection for JPEG 2000 images. In this paper, we propose a new watermark-based forgery detection method to comply with the JPEG Privacy and Security standards and to authenticate JPEG 2000 image integrity in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. The method proposed divides JPEG 2000 images into groups of blocks (GOBs) within the DWT domain. The watermark is generated by collaborating with the neighboring GOBs and is embedded in the GOBs. It enables you to respond to the collage attack. Experimental results using various sample images show the superiority of the proposed method, showing negligible visual differences between the original and watermarked JPEG 2000 images.

Representational visuals of abstract financial concepts: A means to foster financial literacy

Financial literacy is crucial for making sound financial decisions and living a better life. However, the field of finance is full of abstract concepts, such as inflation, liquidity, asset allocation and credit. Abstract concepts may be harder to comprehend than concrete concepts due to their lack of tangible referents in the physical world. In contrast, concrete concepts (e.g., car or house) have a palpable form and can be directly experienced through the senses. Against this background, the question arises of how instructional material can be designed in a way that helps people acquire knowledge about abstract financial concepts. Multimedia learning theories suggest complementing verbal information with visuals that represent the respective topic or concept. Since abstract financial concepts lack palpable, concrete forms, these representational visuals are not simply available but have to be developed. Based on grounded cognition theory, this article discusses three approaches, ‘situations’, ‘emotions’ and ‘metaphors’, which might be used to generate representational visuals of abstract financial concepts. This study aims to provide ideas and enhance our understanding of how grounded cognition theory can be utilized as a guideline to create representational visuals of abstract financial concepts and thus multimedia learning material, which in turn may support increasing people's financial literacy.

Exploration of Ferns in Indrokilo Botanical Garden, Boyolali for the Development of Interactive Multimedia for High School Biology Learning

In today's digital era, conventional learning media has begun to be abandoned. Currently, many modern learning media have been developed such as interactive multimedia, video media, and others so that the learning process becomes fun and students are actively involved in the learning process. The purpose of this study is; to explore the diversity of ferns in the Indrokilo Boyolali Botanical Garden and develop interactive biology multimedia materials for high school. The methods used are field exploration, taxonomic identification, and development of interactive multimedia. The research location is at the Indrokilo Boyolali Botanical Garden and the research was conducted for 3 months starting from December 2022 to February 2023. The results of the research and identification at the Indrokilo Botanical Garden found 31 types of ferns from 14 families and 3 classes. The interactive multimedia developed combines text, images, animations, and interactive videos. This multimedia has been evaluated and received positive validation results, so it can be used as interactive media in high school. Interactive media with other plant samples still needs to be developed because the Indrakilo Botanical Garden is a source of plant diversity

Enhancing adolescent hypertension prevention in Indonesia through interactive multimedia: Model development and validation.

Adolescent hypertension is emerging as a significant health challenge. Peer-led interventions utilizing engaging multimedia platforms have demonstrated the potential to enhance prevention behaviors among adolescents. However, there remains a gap in the literature comparing the effectiveness of multimedia intervention with traditional lecture-based approach in adolescent hypertension prevention in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to compare the traditional lecture-based approach and interactive multimedia intervention (e-module, animated videos, and infographics) on adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding adolescent hypertension prevention. A quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test control group study was conducted from June to December 2023 in two senior high schools in districts of Pedurungan and Kedungmundu, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. To prepare the multimedia model, the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) framework and mapping intervention approach were employed to ensure effective decision-making at each step. A total of 100 high school students were involved, with 50 assigned to the intervention group and 50 to the control group. The intervention group received a multimedia model from the peer educators, while the control group received a traditional PowerPoint-based presentation from the community healthcare workers. The hypertension prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice were assessed using validated questionnaires with 20, 15, and 15 items, respectively. This study found that, after model implementation, significant improvements were observed in students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hypertension prevention (all had p<0.001). Specifically, knowledge scores increased by 4.78 points, attitude scores by 10.64 points, and practice scores by 2.9 points. This study highlights that multimedia interventions could significantly improve hypertension prevention behaviors among adolescents by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and practices through engaging and interactive multimedia materials.

The Use of Interactive Multimedia Material Te-Ga in Teaching Listening and Speaking Skills for Students With Special Needs

This study aims to identify the use of interactive multimedia materials, Te-Ga, in teaching listening and speaking skills for students with special needs. Listening and speaking skills are essential language skills in the Malay language subject. The use of learning materials in the form of pictures and videos creates a static learning environment, causing students with special needs to not engage in teaching and learning sessions, resulting in low mastery levels in listening and speaking skills. Therefore, the use of interactive multimedia materials, Te-Ga, helps to increase the involvement of students with special needs in learning sessions. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and adapted Kurt Lewin's action research model. The participants involved in the study were five Year 4 students from a Chinese National Type School in the Tamparuli district. The instruments used in the study were document analysis, observation, interviews, audio recordings, and checklists. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The findings of the study indicate that the use of interactive multimedia materials, Te-Ga, can improve students' mastery levels in listening and speaking skills through their involvement in engaging learning sessions. Overall, this study can serve as a guide for Malay language teachers in creating effective learning environments through the use of interactive multimedia materials.

Technical Pearls and Pitfalls of Facial Feminization Surgery: A Review of Techniques From a Single Institutional Practice.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is an emerging practice that falls under the broader umbrella of gender-affirming surgery. Various approaches exist to feminize the face, yet few published articles describe in detail the techniques of each component procedure. Considering the diversity of interventions employed, the objective of this manuscript is to highlight FFS techniques utilized by the senior author and create a corresponding media gallery. All patients with the diagnosis of gender dysphoria that were referred to the senior author for FFS consultation between June 2017 and August 2022 were reviewed. Data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records according to the institutional review board (IRB)-approved study protocol. Data collected and analyzed included demographics, operative documentation, and postoperative follow-up. Multimedia material was collected intraoperatively and postoperatively. A total of 231 patients underwent 262 operations with a total of 1224 FFS procedures. The average follow-up time was 7.7 ± 11 months. Out of the 262 operations, 24 (9.2%) patients experienced minor complications, including 3 (1.1%) with wound dehiscence, 13 (5.0%) with hematomas, and 14 (5.3%) with postoperative infection requiring antibiotics. Of those, 3 (1.1%) required a return to the operating room for washout or removal of malar implants. Although there is a consensus on the fundamental surgical principles to achieve adequate feminization of the facial architecture, the specific techniques to do so differ according to individual practices. As techniques diverge, so do their risk profiles and outcomes; techniques must, thus, align with patients' interventional goals. The material presented here is one of many that can support trainees and junior surgeons as they build a gender-affirming practice.

Analysis of the Impact Area of the 2022 El Tejado Ravine Mudflow (Quito, Ecuador) from the Sedimentological and the Published Multimedia Documents Approach

Quito (Ecuador) has a history of mudflow events from ravines that pose significant risks to its urban areas. Located close to the Pichincha Volcanic Complex, on 31 January 2022, the northwest and central parts of the city were hit by a mudflow triggered by unusual rainfall in the upper part of the drainage, with 28 fatalities and several properties affected. This research focuses on the affected area from collector overflow to the end, considering sedimentological characteristics and behavior through various urban elements. This study integrates the analysis of videos, images, and sediment deposits to understand the dynamics and impacts of the mudflow using a multidisciplinary approach. The methodology includes verifying multimedia materials using free software alongside the Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) to estimate the kinematic parameters of the mudflow. The affected area, reaching a maximum distance of 3.2 km from the overflow point, was divided into four zones for a detailed analysis, each characterized by its impact level and sediment distribution. Results indicate significant variations in mudflow behavior across different urban areas, influenced by topographical and anthropogenic factors. Multimedia analysis provided insights into the mudflow’s velocity and evolution as it entered urban areas. The study also highlights the role of urban planning and infrastructure in modifying the mudflow’s distribution, particularly in the Northern and Southern Axes of its path, compared with a similar 1975 event, seven times larger than this. It also contributes to understanding urban mudflow events in Quito, offering valuable insights for disaster risk management in similar contexts.

'Do it afraid': An arts-based reflexive collective case study exploring youth responses to post-concussion communication changes in daily life.

Concussion and communication researchers have yet to study how post-concussion communication changes affect youths' daily lives. The lack of attention paid to how young people respond to communication changes during concussion recovery constitutes a significant gap in current concussion management research and practices. To explore how youth respond to the effects of post-concussion communication changes in their daily life, including (1) daily routines, (2) relationships with family members, (3) relationships with peers and (4) participation in school/work and community activities. Five youths (16-25 years) and three family members participated in this arts-based reflexive collective case study. Ecocultural theory provided the theoretical framework for study design, data collection and analysis. Cases consist of (1) pre-interview demographic information, (2) three 60-90-min virtual interviews, (3) optional family member interviews, (4) multi-media arts-based participant-generated materials representing participants' experiences of communication change and concussion, and (5) researcher observations, discussions and reflexive journal entries. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Analysis yielded four themes that illustrate the ways youth navigated and adapted to post-concussion communication changes: (1) navigating changes in communication tasks, daily roles, and identity; (2) re-negotiating relationships and emotional reactions; (3) seeking control and learning to let go during recovery; and (4) helping youth adapt to post-concussion communication changes. The study findings deepen our understanding of the impact of post-concussion communication changes on youths' daily lives and underscore considerations critical to the development ofcommunication-focused concussion education programs and interventions tailored specifically for youth. What is already known on the subject Youth is a critical period of social and emotional development. Communication is integral to identity, relationships, participation in daily activities and well-being. Concussions can affect speech clarity, fluency, understanding and use of language, and social interactions. Re-engaging in routine activities and pre-injury roles can be challenging for youth experiencing communication changes as part of complex concussion recoveries. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge Findings from this research illuminate how youth navigate and adapt to communication changes post-concussion and support the development of youth-focused communication education programs, assessments and interventions. Youth participants actively managed their recoveries by developing innovative strategies to support their communication during daily activities, learning about communication, practicing communication tasks sequentially, and facing fears. Youth also reframed and challenged narrow views of 'normal communication'. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Findings highlight the need for more youth- and communication-focused education materials and programs within youth concussion management protocols. Information about the specific ecological and sociocultural factors youth encounter during concussion recovery is needed to develop targeted communication-focused education and intervention programs for youth and their families to mitigate risks of isolation, loneliness, and mental health concerns and increase youths' participation in family, community and cultural life. By learning from youth about how communication changes affected their participation in daily activities, identity and relationships, clinicians can provide information and interventions to reduce adverse listener reactions and help young people feel supported and understood.

Unveiling Visual Treasures: Harnessing Deep Learning for Content-Based Image Retrieval

Objective: An essential aspect of computer vision is content-based image retrieval (CBIR), which enables users to search for images based on their visual content instead of created annotations. Advances in technology have resulted in a significant rise in the complexity of multimedia content and the emergence of new research fields centered on similar multimedia material retrieval. The efficacy of retrieval is impacted by the limits of the present CBIR systems, which result from overlooked algorithms and computing restrictions. Methods: This research introduces a novel approach employing the Siamese Edge Attention Layered Convonet (SEAL Convonet) for Image Retrieval. We utilize the CBIR image dataset through Gaussian smoothing to enhance image quality for data preprocessing and the Canny Edge Detector (CED) for edge detection, following pre-processing. The Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) is used for feature extraction to extract complex textures and patterns from the images. Findings: This approach is implemented and tested through simulations as well as the results indicate a substantial positive deviation in the performance and retrieval of the images compared to existing methods. The performance metrics are accuracy (97 %), precision (94 %), recall (91 %), F1-Score (97 %), False Positive Rate (FNR) (0.0013), Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) (0.85), and False Negative Rate (FPR) (0.0036) show the measurements of this proposed model. Application: The state of the art in this work is researching the influence of optimizers on the accuracy process, as indicated by the findings. Keywords: CBIR, Gaussian smoothing, Canny Edge Detector, Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), Siamese Edge Attention Layered convonet (SEAL Convonet), Database

Impact of a model-based paralympic sports project in physical education on primary school pupils’ attitudes, self-efficacy, and intentions toward inclusion of peers with physical disabilities

ABSTRACT Purpose Decreased involvement in physical education (PE) among children with disabilities can result from negative attitudes toward peers with impairment. School-based paralympic sports programs may improve students’ views about people with disabilities. The present study aimed to determine whether a model-based paralympic sports project in PE would have a favourable impact on primary school students’ attitudes, self-efficacy, and intentions toward including peers with physical disabilities in PE, ultimately improving their prosocial behaviour, while considering their previous experience with disability, according to the theory of planned behaviour. Methods Participants included 105 fifth-grade pupils of a primary school (mean age 11.0 ± 0.2 yrs) who were randomly assigned to a control (33 boys, 29 girls) or an experimental (25 boys, 18 girls) group. The intervention consisted of 8 PE lessons developed during 8 consecutive weeks: it incorporated sport-based youth development principles and affective learning into PE according to the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model (TPSR). The educational intervention focused on paralympic boccia and sitting volley (adapted to pupils’ skill level), comprised information, multimedia material, and the simulation of physical impairments, and used active learning strategies. Pre and post intervention, participants responded to a questionnaire investigating sociodemographic information, their attitudes, self-efficacy, and intention toward inclusion of peers with physical disability in PE, and their prosocial behaviour. A RM-MANOVA was conducted to investigate group × time, and group × familiarity × time interaction effects, on all the variables. A path analysis was conducted to test antecedents of intention and of prosocial behaviour. Results Results revealed a group × time effect (p < .001) with intervention group reporting significant improvements in all the measures. The intervention efficacy was enhanced by a significant effect of familiarity with disability (group × familiarity × time), with experimental group pupils familiar with interacting with a peer with disability reporting greater improvements in all the investigated variables (p < .001). Conclusions The integration of the TPSR model within a Paralympic sports program in PE showed positive effects on pupils’ psychological dimensions, contributing to the field of inclusive education. These findings could support primary school PE teachers in implementing TPSR-based paralympic sports projects in PE. Further, paralympic sports could assist in educating students to develop and perform appropriate behaviours towards their peers with disability, to facilitate their mutual development and learning.

Application of video adaptive sampling based on soft computing in higher education evaluation and E-learning interactive environment

The level of teaching quality largely reflects the overall strength of universities and has a direct impact on the quality of cultivating high-quality talents. In this context, higher education institutions are constantly striving to explore innovative methods, but this diverse educational environment also brings challenges to the evaluation methods of teacher teaching quality. This article explores the application of video adaptive sampling in AI data analysis of university education evaluation based on soft computing technology. In order to solve the data sampling problem in university education evaluation, this paper proposes a video adaptive sampling method based on soft computing. In this paper, an E-learning virtual interactive system is designed, multimedia teaching materials matching the requirements of E-learning environment are created, tools suitable for E-learning virtual interactive environment are selected and integrated, soft computing technology is adopted, intelligent algorithms and data analysis methods are combined. By extracting and analyzing the key information in the video, the video sampling strategy is dynamically adjusted to realize the adaptive video sampling. Modeling the content characteristics of videos through fuzzy logic, and using genetic algorithms to optimize the sampling frequency and accuracy of videos. The experimental results indicate that the video adaptive sampling method based on soft computing can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of AI data analysis in university education evaluation. Compared with traditional fixed sampling methods, this method can dynamically adjust according to the characteristics of video content, reduce redundant data sampling, and improve the accuracy of data analysis.

Training and education of specialists in the field of labour law

Objective/Aim: In the context of a constantly changing legislative environment and the necessity for professionals to develop their skills, the research focuses on identifying effective methods and tools that facilitate efficient learning and professional development in the field of labour law. This study aimed to propose a pedagogical technology for the preparation and training of specialists in the field of labour law and to assess the effectiveness of the training based on the specified technology. Method: The study involved 124 participants, with 63 in the experimental group and 61 in the control group. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. The student’s t-test indicated significant improvements in the experimental group’s training effectiveness, confirming the proposed pedagogical technology’s efficacy. Results: Consequently, implementing training and education technology for specialists in the labour law field was proposed to enhance the indicators. The criteria for the preparation of specialists in the field of labour law were delineated, including knowledge of labour legislation, consulting and support skills, analytical skills, communication skills, and continuous learning. According to the criteria above, levels of preparation for specialists in the field of labour law were established, namely high, medium, and essential. The proposed training and education technology for specialists in the field of labour encompasses the following tools: The utilisation of online platforms and educational resources, virtual classes and simulations, the incorporation of multimedia materials, the integration of adaptive learning technologies, the implementation of project- and problem-oriented teaching methodologies, the incorporation of interactive methodologies, the incorporation of cloud technologies and mobile applications, and the provision of assessment and feedback. Conclusion: The proposed pedagogical technology effectively enhances the training and education of labour law specialists. The experimental group’s significant improvement in learning outcomes confirms the technology’s efficacy. Implication: The findings of this research hold significant social implications. Improved training and education of labour law specialists leads to a more competent and effective legal workforce. This, in turn, ensures better protection of workers’ rights and fairer employer-employee relations, contributing to overall social stability.

Different Effects of Behavioral-Based Strategies for Sustaining Attention of an Elementary Student with Intellectual Disability

&lt;p&gt;智能障礙學生常伴隨注意力缺陷等問題，導致學習歷程困難，影響學習表現和成就。根據國內外文獻和實務報告，為改善注意力與學習問題，兩個常見的行為策略為：（一）增加專注口語提示策略，及（二）暫時移除偏好的教材刺激。然而，國內研究鮮少比較行為策略對於注意力的成效，也缺乏融合應用多媒體動畫影片教材，因此，本研究旨在針對智能障礙伴隨注意力缺陷學生在學習多媒體動畫影片教材時，這兩種行為策略對於學生注意力時間之影響，並比較兩種策略的成效差異。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;本研究採用單一受試實驗研究法之交替比較設計，針對一位就讀於國小集中式特教班，並經醫療診斷為智能障礙伴隨注意力缺陷的學生，藉由交替設計比較教學者於自然情境中執行上述兩種行為策略時學生注意力維持時間的變化，以呈現自然教學場域中的真實樣貌。研究過程分為基線期、交替介入期，以及最佳介入期，研究數據採取單一受試研究法之視覺分析探究成效。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;研究結果顯示，研究對象在交替介入期間，無論使用哪種行為策略，注意力維持時間皆高於基線期不使用任何介入策略的情境，並達六次成效複製，顯示兩者對於改善注意力的維持皆具有功能關係，其中，暫時移除偏好的教材刺激策略優於增加專注口語提示策略之成效，為該研究對象之最佳介入策略。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Attention function is a multi-facet concept that is critical for learning. Students with intellectual disability (ID) are often accompanied by problems such as attention deficit, which leads to difficulties in the learning process and affects academic performance and achievement. According to related studies, in order to improve attention and learning problems, two common behavioral strategies are: (a) using verbal prompt for on-task attention, and (b) removing preferred stimulus. However, there are few domestic studies that compare the effectiveness of behavioral strategies on attention, and there is also a lack of integrated application of multimedia video teaching materials. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of these two behavioral strategies on sustaining attention time when ID students with attention deficit learn multimedia animation video teaching materials, and to compare the effectiveness of the two strategies.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This was a single subject research using alternating treatment design to compare the two behavioral-based strategies implemented by the student&amp;rsquo;s teacher in natural educational setting. It focuses on a participant who is studying in a self-contained special education class in an elementary school and has been medically diagnosed with intellectual disability and attention deficit. The research process is divided into baseline, intervention, and better intervention phases. The research data adopts visual analysis of single subject research method to explore the effectiveness.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The results of the study showed that during the alternating intervention phases, no matter which behavioral strategies was used, the attention maintenance time of the research participant was higher than that of the baseline phases when no intervention strategy was used, and the effect was replicated six times, showing that both are effective in improving attention. There is a functional relationship between them. Among them, the strategy of temporarily removing the preferred teaching material stimulus is more effective than adding the strategy of focusing on verbal prompts, and is the best intervention strategy for this research participant. Social validity survey also indicated that teachers and parent were satisfied with the intervention outcome.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

TEACHING THE BASICS OF MULTIMEDIA TO ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNERS DURING THEIR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The article discusses the features of teaching multimedia to environmental designers as part of training sessions. A brief review of sources was carried out, attention was paid to the definition of the concept of multimedia in the context of the study. Special applications and programmes for the development of multimedia materials used in educational practice are indicated, their capabilities are defined. The main problems in multimedia training of environ mental designers are considered. The authors present the methodological components of the educational process, aimed at the formation of skills in the development and use of multimedia technologies by students, including in the design of the interior and exterior environment. The article discloses the issues of the development of knowledge and skills of students necessary for the creation of professional presentations of their research and creative works, as well as the presentation of copyright projects in the form of a virtual space. Ways to solve the stated problem are proposed.

Designing multimedia patient education materials for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial of patient education videos.

Triple-masked three-armed feasibility parallel randomized controlled trial. Multimedia patient education materials are increasingly used in healthcare. While much research focuses on optimising their scientific content, research is equally needed to optimise design and implementation. This study aims to determine the feasibility of a study examining how the implementation of scientific advice on design affects patient outcomes. Participants aged 10-18 with radiographically confirmed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis will be recruited from community settings in Ireland and randomized into usual care or receiving multimedia educational videos with or without evidence-informed design principles. Participants will be masked in the two video intervention arms, as will the therapist sending the educational videos. Outcomes will include the number of participants recruited and randomized, the number analysed post-intervention and at week eight, and the outcomes for baseline, post-intervention, and week 8. Adverse events will also be reported. This feasibility randomized controlled trial will offer insight into the feasibility of implementing advice from the literature in designing a trial of multimedia patient education materials for a population with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Trial registration: Clinical Trail: Trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT06090344.