Multimedia Content Protection Research Articles

English

Multimedia contents such as images, videos, audio, and texts are easy to available for download through internet in worldwide. Duplication of multimedia contents is to create using different software. This type of operation some time created problem of copyright and ownership authentication. Digital watermarking techniques are usedto protect multimedia contents. This paper gives various watermarking techniques in transform domain and sparse domain for protection and authentication of multimedia contents.

Embedding an Identity-Based Short Signature as a Digital Watermark

Digital watermarking aims at protecting multimedia content by hiding into it some data that can be used for such purposes as, for example, intellectual property protection or integrity control. Sometimes, the owner of an image would prefer to not transmit, publish, or hand to a cloud service the original image, but rather an encrypted version of it. Encrypted images allow for less embedding room with respect to their unencrypted counterparts, as there is less spatial correlation to leverage upon. An architecture for embedding as payload the digital signature of an encrypted image, by means of a reversible watermarking technique, is presented in this work. A noteworthy point is the use of an identity-based cryptosystem to avoid certificate management and improve performance. In addition, the use of IBS-1, a recently proposed signature scheme, allows for a reduction in the size of the signature.

Cognitive Computation of Compressed Sensing for Watermark Signal Measurement

As an important tool for protecting multimedia contents, scrambling and randomizing of original messages is used in generating digital watermark for satisfying security requirements. Based on the neural perception of high-dimensional data, compressed sensing (CS) is proposed as a new technique in watermarking for improved security and reduced computational complexity. In our proposed methodology, watermark signal is extracted from the CS of the Hadamard measurement matrix. Through construction of the scrambled block Hadamard matrix utilizing a cryptographic key, encrypting the watermark signal in CS domain is achieved without any additional computation required. The extensive experiments have shown that the neural inspired CS mechanism can generate watermark signal of higher security, yet it still maintains a better trade-off between transparency and robustness.

Local and global structure preserving hashing for fast digital fingerprint tracing

Digital fingerprinting is a promising approach to protect multimedia contents from unauthorized redistribution. Whereas, large scale and high dimensionality make existing fingerprint detection meth...

VLSI based Design of an Efficient Hybrid Watermarking Scheme for Multimedia Content Protection

Background/Objectives: In this paper, a new concept of hybrid DWT-SVD watermarking scheme for the secure transit of multimedia information like text, image, audio and video is presented. Resolving the copyright protection problem of colour videos and to provide effective authentication. Methods/Statistical Analysis: My proposed work algorithms can be tested in VLSI (Very Large Scale Implementation) boards that can supported for the design generated by this hybridization methodology also been reviewed. Findings: This concept will produce the best results in terms of performance metrics like MSE, PSNR etc. than other domains and transformations and as future enhancement it can use Cadence/Xilinx ISE System Generator (SysGen) to generate IC and then implemented in Altera Quartus II FPGA. Improvement/Application: We developed a new source code for video watermarking using hybrid DWT-SVD which will be useful in variety of applications. It’s being effective and proven by comparing it with existing image watermarking using hybrid DWT-SVD has been examined and the Proposed design is simulated using MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory).

A Fusion Technique of Video Watermarking in Wavelet Domain and Encryption Method for Video Authentication

In Recent time’s security of multimedia content or digital products on the internet is very crucial. Data security is awfully essential. Hence, Watermarking and Encryption are a corresponding outline of security in protecting multimedia content. In this regard this, paper proposed a combine technique of watermarking and encryption method. Digital watermarking is the process of embedding data into digital multimedia content. Encryption is also one technique to give security for information. It involves reshuffling of pixel of the image based on scan pattern. For reconstruction of the original image decryption process is also done. The experimental results show that this combine technique gives double security for the protection of video content and achieves good PSNR.

Invariant Domain Watermarking Using Heaviside Function of Order Alpha and Fractional Gaussian Field

Digital image watermarking is an important technique for the authentication of multimedia content and copyright protection. Conventional digital image watermarking techniques are often vulnerable to geometric distortions such as Rotation, Scaling, and Translation (RST). These distortions desynchronize the watermark information embedded in an image and thus disable watermark detection. To solve this problem, we propose an RST invariant domain watermarking technique based on fractional calculus. We have constructed a domain using Heaviside function of order alpha (HFOA). The HFOA models the signal as a polynomial for watermark embedding. The watermark is embedded in all the coefficients of the image. We have also constructed a fractional variance formula using fractional Gaussian field. A cross correlation method based on the fractional Gaussian field is used for watermark detection. Furthermore the proposed method enables blind watermark detection where the original image is not required during the watermark detection thereby making it more practical than non-blind watermarking techniques. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed technique has a high level of robustness.

Cloud-Based Multimedia Content Protection System

We propose a new design for large-scale multimedia content protection systems. Our design leverages cloud infrastructures to provide cost efficiency, rapid deployment, scalability, and elasticity to accommodate varying workloads. The proposed system can be used to protect different multimedia content types, including 2-D videos, 3-D videos, images, audio clips, songs, and music clips. The system can be deployed on private and/or public clouds. Our system has two novel components: (i) method to create signatures of 3-D videos, and (ii) distributed matching engine for multimedia objects. The signature method creates robust and representative signatures of 3-D videos that capture the depth signals in these videos and it is computationally efficient to compute and compare as well as it requires small storage. The distributed matching engine achieves high scalability and it is designed to support different multimedia objects. We implemented the proposed system and deployed it on two clouds: Amazon cloud and our private cloud. Our experiments with more than 11,000 3-D videos and 1 million images show the high accuracy and scalability of the proposed system. In addition, we compared our system to the protection system used by YouTube and our results show that the YouTube protection system fails to detect most copies of 3-D videos, while our system detects more than 98% of them. This comparison shows the need for the proposed 3-D signature method, since the state-of-the-art commercial system was not able to handle 3-D videos.

Kernelized Neighborhood Preserving Hashing for Social-Network-Oriented Digital Fingerprints

Digital fingerprinting is a promising approach to protect multimedia content from unauthorized redistribution. However, the existing fingerprints are unsuitable for social network tasks, because they fail to represent the social network structure, which incurs inefficient fingerprint coding. In addition, they are infeasible to efficiently trace colluders due to the large scale of social networks. To address these problems, we design a novel fingerprint, which consists of community relationship code and user identification code. Aiming to preserving the social network structure, we propose a kernelized neighborhood preserving hashing method to generate community relationship codes. The proposed method assigns similar community relationship codes to users in the same or close communities, which improves the anticollusion performance. Because the community relationship codes are binary and neighborhood preserving, they can be used for fast indexing and retrieval. To accelerate the collusion fingerprint tracing, we treat the community relationship codes as index keys to construct a hash table and an inverted index table. Based on the tables, we correspondingly propose an efficient fingerprint detection method. Extensive experiments show that the proposed fingerprint is suitable for social network tasks and the real colluders can be efficiently identified by the proposed fingerprint detection approach.

Local and global structure preserving hashing for fast digital fingerprint tracing

Digital fingerprinting is a promising approach to protect multimedia contents from unauthorized redistribution. Whereas, large scale and high dimensionality make existing fingerprint detection methods fail to trace the traitors efficiently. To handle this problem, we propose a novel local and global structure preserving hashing to conduct fast fingerprint detection. This is the first work that introduces hash-based similarity search method to perform fingerprint detection. Applying the hashing method, we obtain a neighborhood-preserving low-dimensional representation (e. g. hash code) for each fingerprint. Through hash codes, we can find the nearest neighbors of the extracted fingerprint, thereby tracing the real traitors within a small range. Preserving the local structure facilitates to find the nearest neighbors of the query fingerprint efficiently, and preserving the global structure ensures hash codes of fingerprints as discriminative as possible. These properties make the proposed approach efficient to trace the real traitors. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms traditional linear scan detection methods in term of efficiency.

A Dynamic Image Generation Scheme for Steganographic Data Encryption

This paper proposes a new approach to provide an extra layer of security to steganographic techniques. Today, most of the data is sent over the internet, whether personal or professional. Protection of digital multimedia content has become an increasingly important issue for content owners and service providers; therefore; there is a never ending demand to make the transmission network more secure. Conventional cryptography methods are vastly open to unauthorized attacks as they are well known to attackers and many new kinds of attacks are being raised, exploiting the loop holes in the conventional techniques. Hence, the demand for designing new techniques, for reliable encryption methods are high. This paper presents a novel method of hiding data in popular image formats like JPEG, TIF and PNG along with the message/data. The image in steganography till now, used to be fixed, standard images; we propose to implement dynamic images, which are generated using the user's voice. This kind of voice generated image is unique to each person and is virtually untraceable on the world wide web. Keywords: Decryption, Encryption, Gray-scale image, Steganography, Voice recognition.

Digital Fingerprinting In Encrypted Domain

Digital fingerprinting is a method for protecting multimedia content from illegal redistribution and identified the colluders.In copy protection, a content seller embeds a unique identity as a watermark into the content before it is sold to a buyer. When an illegal copy is found, the seller can identify illegal users by extracting the fingerprint. In this proposing an anonymous fingerprinting  based on a homomorphic additive encryption scheme, it present a construction of anti-collision codes created using BIBD(Balanced incomplete block design) codes technique and dither technique which makes use of LFSR (linear feedback shift register) are used for improving the high robustness and Security.

On the provably secure CEW based on orthogonal decomposition

Commutative Encryption and Watermarking (CEW) combines encryption and watermarking to protect confidentiality and ownership. CEW based on Orthogonal Decomposition (CEWod) has been recommended as a mechanism to implement CEW. CEWod has great potential for multimedia content protection applications if its security is validated. This study investigates the security issues of CEWod and their resolution. By redefining the encryption and watermarking operations and performing security analyses, it is proven that the security of the CEWod scheme is based on the security of the orthogonal transformational matrix, B, as well as on its sub-matrixes, R and S. Applying the principle of computational security in cryptography, the security of B, R and S can be assured by selecting appropriate parameters. With respect to the security requirements used in the existing multimedia content protection solutions, other issues that arise from the CEWod approach are addressed. Experimental results and analysis show the feasibility and robustness of CEWod. This study provides evidences that CEWod can provide the promising solution for a buyer–seller protocol-based security system. The discussion also shows that CEWod can be used to build multi-watermarking systems or re-encryption watermarking combined systems. The latter is very useful for cloud computing security.

A new fingerprinting scheme using social network analysis for majority attack

Digital fingerprinting is a technology to protect multimedia content from unauthorized redistribution. However, collusion attack is a cost-efficient attack for digital fingerprinting, where groups of dishonest users create a pirate copy using their copies for the purpose of attenuating or removing the fingerprints. In this paper, FCBSN, Fingerprinting Code Based on Social Networks, for coding the user's fingerprints to resist majority attack, is proposed. The proposed scheme stems from the concept of coalition which always occurred in a social network. Different from all existing work, we explore the notion of the hierarchical community structure of social network and its intrinsic properties to assign fingerprints to users, drawing on the social relation according to the similar metric between two users. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the FCBSN detector outperforms the existing group detector for BS code and Tardos detector by large margins.

Proxy signatures and buyer–seller watermarking protocols for the protection of multimedia content

Watermarking techniques are developed to deal with multimedia distribution, authentication and copyright protection. It is usually the seller who embeds a watermark in multimedia content to identify the buyer. The embedded watermark can then be used to trace the traitors identity if unauthorized copies are found. However, repudiation and framing issues might arise in this approach. To solve these problems, buyer---seller watermarking protocols have been proposed based on watermarking in the encrypted domain. Such watermarks combine encryption, digital watermarking, and fingerprinting to preserve digital rights of both the buyer and the seller. Unfortunately, most existing watermarking techniques do not provide convincing proofs to ensure that they achieve the claimed level of security and informal proofs abound in the literature. In this paper, we propose a buyer---seller watermarking protocol based on proxy signatures and homomorphic encryption. Formal proofs are provided to show that in the proposed protocol, watermarks are generated such that the seller is unable to fabricate piracy, but he can trace copyright violators. The protocol further protects anonymity of the buyer until he is adjudicated to be guilty. Moreover, we solve the conspiracy problem without imposing any unrealistic assumptions about thrust-worthiness of the parties involved.

A visible wavelet watermarking technique based on exploiting the contrast sensitivity function and noise reduction of human vision system

With the widespread use of the Internet and the rapid development of digital technologies, copyright protection of multimedia content has become an important issue. Among the available technologies...

Digital Image Watermarking Scheme Using Discrete Wavelet Transform Domain, Quantization, and Genetic Algorithm

Protection of digital multimedia content has become an increasingly important issue for content owners and service providers. Watermarking is identified as a major means to achieve copyright protection. The algorithm proposed in this work, is to use a blind watermarking scheme based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Watermark components are embedded in the LL subband of the 4th DWT level of the host image by quantizing coefficients of the LL subband to improve the watermark robustness. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for optimizing the quantization step size parameter, and the strength of factors. The host image used is a 512×512 gray scale image and the watermark image is a 32×32 binary logo. The proposed scheme was tested against mostly known threats and it proves to give good robustness. Also, it still gives a high quality watermarked image. MATLAB Program was used to perform the watermarking task.

Secure Watermarking for Multimedia Content Protection: A Review of its Benefits and Open Issues

The paper illustrates recent results regarding secure watermarking to the signal processing community, highlighting both benefits and still open issues. Secure signal processing, by which indicates a set of techniques able to process sensitive signals that have been obfuscated either by encryption or by other privacy-preserving primitives, may offer valuable solutions to the aforementioned issues. More specifically, the adoption of efficient methods for watermark embedding or detection on data that have been secured in some way, which we name in short secure watermarking, provides an elegant way to solve the security concerns of fingerprinting applications.

A Medical Image Watermarking Technique for Embedding EPR and Its Quality Assessment Using No-Reference Metrics

Digital watermarking can be used as an important tool for the security and copyright protection of digital multimedia content. The present paper explores its applications as a quality indicator of a watermarked medical image when subjected to intentional (noise, cropping, alteration) or unintentional (compression, transmission or filtering) operations. The watermark also carries EPR data along with a binary mark (used for quality assessment). The binary mark is used as a No-Reference (NR) quality metrics that blindly estimates the quality of an image without the need of original image. It is a semi-fragile watermark which degrades at around the same rate as the original image and thus gives an indication of the quality degradation of the host image at the receiving end. In the proposed method, the original image is divided into two parts- ROI and non-ROI. ROI is an area that contains diagnostically important information and must be processed without any distortion. The binary mark and EPR are embedded into the DCT domain of Non- ROI. Embedding EPR within a medical image reduces storage and transmission overheads and no additional file has to be sent along with an image. The watermark (binary mark and EPR) is extracted from non-ROI part at the receiving end and a measure of degradation of binary mark is used to estimate the quality of the original image. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by calculating MSE and PSNR of original and extracted mark.

Tampering resistant self recoverable watermarking method using error correction codes

Recent advances in digital technologies have made alteration of digital multimedia content simple and unnoticeable by human beings. Although digital multimedia content offers numerous advantages such as easy to store, easy to transmit, etc., it has made illegal replication/distribution of digital content easier and highlights the need for digital rights management (DRM). Digital watermarking has emerged as a solution for the copyright protection of digital multimedia content. Digital watermarking hides the owner's information inside the digital multimedia content which can be extracted in future to prove the owner's copyright over the content. In this paper, self-recoverable digital watermarking method is presented to protect the digital images from tampering attacks. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against attacks such as cropping, blurring, noising, etc.